American psychologist a? Maslow and others put forward ten signs of mental health:
1. Have a full sense of security;
2. Fully understand yourself and be able to make an appropriate estimate of your ability;
3. Life goals and ideals are realistic;
4. Keep in touch with the real environment;
5. Can maintain the integrity and harmony of personality;
6. Ability to learn from experience;
7. Can maintain good interpersonal relationships;
8. Moderate emotional venting and control;
9. Give full play to individuality without violating the collective will;
10. Under the premise of not violating social ethics, the basic needs of individuals can be properly met.
Although these signs are widely recognized, they are limited by the social and cultural background, and are not completely suitable for the actual situation of China people, so they can only be used as reference.
China scholars also put forward many signs of mental health. Some people say that the principle of judging mental health is to see whether one's psychology and environment are unified, whether psychology and behavior are coordinated, and whether one's personality is stable. In other words, people with mental health have certain adaptability, can bear certain setbacks, have the ability of self-control and adjustment, have a clear level of consciousness, and have good social communication, so they are happy. To sum up, it includes the following eight aspects:
Normal intelligence
Normal intelligence is the basic psychological condition for people to live, study and work. Intelligence generally refers to the synthesis of people's observation, memory, imagination, thinking and operation ability. The intelligence of the population is normally distributed, that is, there are few talented and mentally retarded people, and most of them are in the middle. Mental health people have normal intelligence, and their IQ is mostly between 85~ 1 15. They can adapt to life and get a balance with their surroundings. People with mental retardation have poor social adaptability, often unable to adapt to collective life and study, have great psychological pressure, and their health is difficult to maintain, so they need special education and nursing.
(B) emotional stability
Emotional stability means that the central nervous system activities of people are in a relatively balanced state, and happy emotions reflect the harmony and satisfaction of people's physical and mental activities. People with mental health can coordinate and control their emotions, maintain a good mood, and the optimistic, cheerful and satisfied emotional state is dominant; Emotional abnormality is often a harbinger of mental illness.
(3) Voice will
Will is a psychological process of consciously determining the purpose, controlling and standardizing one's actions according to the purpose, and overcoming difficulties. A sound will is manifested in the consciousness, decisiveness and tenacity of will action. Mentally healthy people have a clear purpose in their activities, can make decisions in time and consciously implement them, and can also keep long-term focused actions to achieve the set goals. People with imperfect will have poor tolerance for setbacks, fear of difficulties, disobedience, half-heartedness, inattention and lack of self-control.
(D) Behavior coordination
Behavioral coordination refers to the unity and coordination of people's thoughts and behaviors, and the level of behavioral response is coordinated with the degree of stimulation. People with mental health behave in an orderly way, do things step by step, and their behavior response matches the degree and nature of stimulation. Unhealthy people, however, have inconsistent behaviors, confused thinking, fragmented language, no head and no tail, and reverse behavior; Be fickle, get angry at a little thing, or react strongly.
(5) Good personality
Personality is a unique psychological characteristic of human beings and has relative stability. Personality is the most essential expression of a person's personality, and a good personality embodies the integrity and unity of personality. People with mental health are more stable, cheerful, enthusiastic, generous, brave, modest, honest and helpful. People with unhealthy psychology have changeable and bad personalities, which are characterized by timidity, indifference, meanness, isolation, hostility, inferiority and lack of self-esteem.
(6) Self-awareness
Correct self-cognition mainly means that self-evaluation conforms to the reality, has a certain degree of self-esteem and self-confidence, can correctly know oneself, accept oneself, respect oneself, love oneself, seek independence and have full confidence in oneself.
(7) Harmonious interpersonal communication
Harmonious interpersonal communication refers to being able to get along well with others and have a harmonious relationship. Interpersonal relationship represents people's psychological adaptation level. Mentally healthy people are willing to associate with others, good at cooperating with others, understanding and respecting others, generous and friendly, and easy to be understood and accepted by others. Mentally unhealthy people can't cooperate with others, be indifferent to others, lack sympathy, haggle over every ounce, be suspicious, be jealous, shrink back, can't be in a group, and don't get along with others. Poor interpersonal communication is often the main cause of mental illness.
(8) Psychological characteristics and age.
People of different ages have different psychological characteristics, and children's precocious psychology and adults' childish behavior are often regarded as manifestations of psychological unhealthy.
Internal and external factors affecting mental health
There are many factors that affect mental health, just like the factors that affect health, there are physiological, psychological and social factors. Understanding these influencing factors is of great significance for preventing and promoting mental health. Here, a mental health formula put forward by Professor Ke Yonghe, a psychologist in Taiwan Province Province, is introduced to illustrate these factors:
B = P/E ratio
B symptom incidence p sum of internal and external pressures e self-strength.
People's mental health is related to internal and external pressure and self-intensity. According to the above formula, mental health is directly proportional to self-strength and inversely proportional to internal and external pressure.
(1) external pressure
External pressure refers to the existence of bad pressure sources in the external environment, which forms a kind of pressure and affects people's psychology. It includes physical, psychological and social stressors. Physiological stressors include inappropriate stimuli such as temperature, humidity, light, space and noise in the living environment. Long-term effects will lead to unbearable physiology and affect mood and behavior. Investigation shows that long-term high-intensity noise stimulation will lead to disorder of excitation and inhibition process of cerebral cortex, abnormal conditioned reflex, impairment of cerebrovascular function and autonomic nerve function, and symptoms such as headache, tinnitus, palpitation, insomnia, drowsiness, fatigue and mental decline. In the environment with small living space, people's aggressive behavior increases and their anxiety level is high; If the indoor temperature is too high, it will make people have a headache, nausea, excessive sweating, impaired vision, inattention, irritability and unresponsiveness. Among the psychological stressors, poor interpersonal communication is the most important. The disharmony of interpersonal relationship leads to psychological imbalance. When they are snubbed and laughed at by others, their psychological pressure will increase. If the other person is eccentric, grumpy and changeable, the intensity of stressors will increase. Among the social stressors, bad or excessive changes in social and cultural background will form great pressure, making it difficult for people to adapt to the social environment and produce bad emotional experience. There are many social stressors, such as family changes, death of relatives, divorce and reorganization of parents, changes in economic conditions, housing migration, institutional changes and so on.
(2) Internal pressure
Internal stress means that people's physical and mental needs are not met, resulting in frustration and internal pressure that affects emotions and behaviors. People's physical and mental needs include many aspects. In terms of physiological needs, they need a certain period of sleep and rest, reasonable nutrition, proper exercise and beautiful clothes. In terms of psychological needs, we need a certain sense of security and protection, love, self-esteem, fair and reasonable evaluation and acceptance by others, independence, solving life problems by ourselves, success, achieving certain goals through our own efforts and becoming a successful person. If these physical and mental needs are not met for a long time, the motivation of behavior will not be realized, which will lead to a strong sense of frustration, increased internal pressure and a series of psychological problems.
(3) Self-strength
Self-strength refers to the ability of individuals to cope with internal and external pressures, which is related to people's physical and mental quality. Due to different genetic and environmental conditions, people's physical and mental qualities vary greatly among individuals. For example, healthy people can correctly perceive and judge external stimuli and make appropriate responses; However, the patient is weak, depressed, and his perception and judgment are reduced, so he is not adapted to the environment. Personality temperament characteristics have obvious influence on self-intensity. For example, some people are flexible, quick and decisive, sensitive to the stimulation of the surrounding environment and quick to respond; Others are slow-moving, unresponsive, taciturn, or have low attention span and persistence, strong reaction, hands and feet constantly, easy to get distracted and difficult to adapt to the environment. In addition, personality, ability, hobbies, values and so on all have an impact on self-strength.
Fifth, promote mental health.
Mental health promotion is to promote people's mental health level through a series of measures. It is the need of human health, the need of social development and the most fundamental work to prevent and treat psychopathy. This is a systematic project, which requires not only the input of the government, but also the participation of the whole society. There is a lot of work to be done. For the group, it is necessary to cultivate and maintain people's sound personality, healthy psychological and social activity ability through various beneficial education and training and the good influence of family and society according to the psychological characteristics and psychological development laws of different age development stages, so that they can maintain their physical and mental health in their study, work, life and creative activities and be in a state full of corning. For individuals, it is necessary to master the methods and skills of psychological self-care through lifelong learning, and constantly improve the health level of themselves and their families. Only by doing this persistently can we have a healthy individual and a healthy society.
People of different ages have different mental health care priorities. Only by understanding these key points can we really do a good job in health promotion. The following is a brief summary of the key contents of mental health care according to the age stage.
Eat fast, eat fast, not wolf down, don't know the taste. It means that eating is not picky about food or partial eclipse, and the main meal feels with relish. If anorexia persists, it may be a problem with the gastrointestinal tract or liver.
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Speed wave sleep
After going to bed, I can fall asleep quickly, sleep comfortably, wake up with a clear head, full of energy and good sleep quality. If you sleep too much, you feel tired and uncomfortable after sleep, which is a psychological and physiological pathological manifestation. The nervous system is excited, the inhibitory function is coordinated, and the viscera has no pathological interference, which is an important guarantee for fast sleep.
Rapid defecation
Can quickly and freely excrete urine and feces, and feel relaxed and comfortable, mentally have a good feeling, no fatigue after defecation, indicating good gastrointestinal function.
A frank conversation/discourse
Fluent in speaking, clear-headed, quick-thinking, full of energy, normal cardiopulmonary function.
Let's go
Free and coordinated movements, easy and powerful steps, rapid rotation, quick response and smooth movements prove that the body and limbs are in good condition and full of energy. Weakness caused by many diseases starts from the lower limbs. When people suffer from visceral diseases, their lower limbs often feel heavy. When you are anxious and depressed, you often feel weak limbs and heavy footsteps.
Good personality, gentle personality, words and deeds are recognized by the public, can adapt to different environments well, and have no regular sense of oppression and impulse. Firm goal, balanced will, rich feelings, love life, optimistic and open-minded. Can look at problems with a good attitude towards life and work based on reality. Communicating with others can be accepted by most people. No matter how the interpersonal situation changes, it can always maintain a stable and permanent adaptability.
Good interpersonal relationships, proper manners, natural harmony with people, no narcissism and loneliness, with the characteristics of wide communication and many intimate friends. Everyone is willing to pour out their joys and sorrows to him.