Breast consists of skin tissue, breast tissue, adipose tissue and connective tissue fibers. There are 15 ~ 20 breast lobules in the breast, which are radially arranged around the nipple, and each breast lobule has a milk duct communicating with the nipple. There are fibrous tissue partitions between breast lobules, and these fibrous partitions are connected with fibrous bands of subcutaneous tissue, which fix the breast on the skin, so that the breast has a certain degree of mobility, and the excessive sagging of the breast when the human body stands is limited.
The nipple is located in the center of the breast, surrounded by an annular areola, and the skin is deeply pigmented. There are many scattered small nodular bulges on the surface of areola, which can secrete a little liquid to wet the nipple. The diameter of areola varies from person to person, mostly between 3 and 4 cm, but some can be as large as 5 to 6 cm.
2. Physiological changes of breast
When the embryo develops to the second month, the breast begins to form.
In adolescence, the ovaries gradually mature and begin to secrete estrogen and progesterone.
From the age of 12, women's breasts are gradually enlarged, with rich connective tissue between lobules and less adipose tissue, and feel hard and tough to the touch.
Women generally start menstruating at the age of 14, and their breasts gradually mature, and their shape gradually changes from a disk to a hemisphere.
With the beginning of menstruation, the breast changes correspondingly in the menstrual cycle, and the breast tissue is gradually improved.
Before menstrual cramps, breasts will swell and nipples will become sensitive. When the nipple is stimulated by sucking and touching, it will erect and the areola will contract.
During pregnancy, the breasts are full, the areola is enlarged, and the color is dark brown. During lactation, the secretion of milk from glands is promoted.
Entering menopause, the mammary glands in the breast shrink, no new acinus is produced, and only a small part of the mammary glands are left under the areola.
3. Physiological function of breast
Lactation function
As an organ that produces and secretes milk, breastfeeding is the most basic function of breast. Women who enter sexual maturity will have enlarged, congested and hyperplastic mammary glands every time they ovulate. If pregnant, the breast will continue to grow and produce more breast lobules to meet the needs of breastfeeding in the future.
Beauty function
The bulge and development of breast is an important sign of female secondary sexual characteristics. The plump, firm and round breasts bulge on the chest, which constitutes the unique curvaceous beauty of women. The undulating chest peak enhances women's confidence in beauty and beauty. Having a pair of beautiful breasts is an indispensable link in defining female beauty and beauty.
Sexual desire function
As a part of human sexual organs, breasts participate in the whole process of sexual life. Breast is particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation, especially nipple, which has obvious sexual excitement and is called the first estrus area of sexual life. There is no subcutaneous tissue in nipple and areola, only annular smooth muscle. Stimulating nipple can make smooth muscle contract and make nipple erect.
What are the common breast diseases that are easy to cause harm to human diseases? Treatment of breast cyst (galactorrhea) Breast-feeding women have galactorrhea cyst, poor structure, inflammation and other infected breasts. Eat less oil, avoid taking drugs containing estrogen, and properly supplement selenium for breast pain. Women have breast pain one week before menstruation, and breast lumps have intermittent pain. Excessive estrogen secretion can cure bacterial infection, redness, swelling, heat and pain, chills and high fever of lactating women after marriage or lactation. 2. The formation of abscess requires timely incision and drainage of breast masses, nipple discharge, skin changes, abnormal nipple and areola, life-threatening endocrine factors such as axillary lymph node enlargement, viral factors, age factors, menstrual history surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, biological targeted therapy and traditional Chinese medicine adjuvant therapy. Some lumps grow alone or repeatedly 5-7 days before menstrual cramps, with full breasts and endocrine disorders. Ovarian function is affected by selenium supplementation, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, massage treatment, acupuncture treatment and decoction treatment of multiple breast fibromas. Women aged 20-39 have different degrees of hyperplasia, slight swelling, dull pain, estrogen-stimulated surgery, western medicine, Chinese medicine and diet therapy. Breast fibroadenoma 18-25-year-old young women have masses, most of them have no pain, and the clear secretions are benign. But there may also be lesions, such as endocrine hormone imbalance surgery, breast fibrocyst 18 ~ 25 years old young women with short onset time and rapid tumor growth. Diagnosis should be differentiated from breast cancer, such as nipple discharge, sarcomatosis and canceration, which affect ovarian function. Keep a good attitude, wear less tights, use estrogen drugs with caution, exercise moderately and check regularly. You don't care about these women's breast diseases 1, which is neither painful nor itchy.
Early breast cancer is mostly painless tumor, and the body can avoid any discomfort, which neither affects life nor work.
2, going to the hospital for a chest check is still shy.
A few women are bound by old ideas, old-fashioned, ashamed of physical examination and unwilling to go to the hospital for breast examination.
3, too lazy to check further
I saved trouble for a while, listened to someone's nonsense, or was too superstitious about the diagnosis of an instrument, so I relaxed my vigilance and stopped further inspection.
4. Taboo diseases and avoiding medical treatment
I have read some books on cancer or been influenced by people around me, and I have a fear of cancer. Afraid of getting breast cancer, I dare not go to the hospital for examination. I don't know. I'm in a misunderstanding. Whether I have breast cancer does not depend on whether I go to the hospital or not.
5. Sacrifice health for work.
Fast pace of life, busy work, the emergence of new problems, busy dealing with, ignoring their own health, even if there is discomfort, there is no time to go to the hospital, just deal with it.
6. Colorful nightlife
The occurrence of breast cancer is closely related to bad living habits. Some women regard smoking and drinking as "fashionable"; Go to the nightclub ballroom and immerse yourself in neon all night.
7. Eat supplements for beauty.
Excessive estrogen is an important cause of breast cancer. In order to maintain a beautiful face, some women began to take estrogen or estrogen-containing supplements just after they were 30 years old. I really don't know what the danger is.
4 how to prevent breast diseases 1, see
After taking a bath, put your hands on your hips and turn your body to the left and right sides to observe whether the breasts are symmetrical, whether the breast skin is abnormal and whether the nipples are invaginated. If the nipple is naturally invaginated, there is no need to be overly nervous.
Step 2 touch
When touching, the palm of your hand should be extended horizontally and the four fingers should be close together. Gently palpate the inner upper, inner lower, outer lower, outer upper, axillary and caudal regions of the breast with the fingertips of the most sensitive index finger, middle finger and ring finger in a circular way, and finally check the nipple and areola region in the middle of the breast.
Step 3 check in front of the mirror
Stand, arms hanging at both sides, observe the breast shape, whether the normal arc contour becomes irregular, whether there are orange peel-like pits, or whether there are pits, and whether there is liquid overflowing from the nipple during extrusion. If the above situation occurs, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible.
4, prone position examination
Lie flat on the bed, with the nipple as the center, press the skin clockwise with your fingertips and do a circular massage. When checking, the force should be even, and it is advisable to touch the ribs with your fingers. If nodules and lumps are found, you need to go to the hospital for further examination.
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Everyone should pay attention to breast problems. Breast diseases can be detected early by self-examination. Strengthening exercise and eating reasonably is the first way. Of course, it is best to go to a regular hospital for regular check-up to find and eliminate risk factors as soon as possible. This issue of the topic of women's breast health will talk about this for you. For more information, please pay attention to Zhihu TV Lecture Hall.