Take good care of patients' daily life such as washing, eating, urinating and defecating, and gradually train patients' self-care ability. Encourage patients to eat a nutritious and digestible diet, drink more water and eat more fruits and vegetables.
(2) Skin and limb care:
Paraplegic patients are prone to bedsores due to long-term compression and poor local blood circulation. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent and treat as early as possible, keep the sheets flat and clean, add balloons to bony protrusions, turn over more, change positions every 2 hours, and massage with 50% ethanol. Passive activities, massage, acupuncture and physical therapy for paralyzed limbs can promote functional recovery. Prevent muscle atrophy, joint stiffness, bone decalcification, etc. Pay attention to maintaining the functional position of limbs to prevent deformity. After 3 months of traumatic paraplegia, you can sit up and start walking on the ground.
(3) Prevention of pulmonary complications:
Absolutely quit smoking, turn over regularly, pat the back, encourage the patient to take a deep breath, expectorate effectively, and if necessary, spray inhalation to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. To prevent catching cold, tracheotomy and antibiotics should be used for high paraplegia.
(4) Urinary tract care:
Patients with urinary retention were indwelling catheter under aseptic conditions, and after continuous catheterization for 2 weeks, it was changed to open regularly every 4 ~ 6 hours. Medical education network collected and sorted out the reflex bladder relaxation and contraction function to prevent bladder contracture. In order to prevent urinary tract infection, in addition to maintaining sterility, bladder irrigation should be carried out every day, and abdominal pressure should be increased when urinating, and bladder pressure should be pressed to reduce residual urine volume.
(5) Digestive tract care:
Encourage patients to defecate by themselves. In addition to diet adjustment to prevent constipation, they can also take oral laxatives. For those with severe constipation, you can massage the anus by enema every day to promote the recovery of defecation function.
(6) Psychological care:
Patiently listen to patients, understand the degree of their psychological barriers, respect, care and considerate patients.