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Under normal circumstances, urine is clear and light yellow. However, the color of urine is not immutable. After drinking a lot of water, the urine volume increases, the color becomes lighter and even transparent. After insufficient drinking water or exercise leads to a lot of sweating, the decrease in urine volume can cause the color to deepen, which is a normal change. It can be judged whether the body needs to replenish water through urine. However, once the following abnormal changes in urine color occur, it needs to be paid attention to.
1, red urine
If red urine appears, don't panic. First of all, we should sort out whether we have eaten pitaya, blueberries, beets, carrots and other foods recently or taken B vitamins, rifampicin, phenazopyridine and other drugs. These foods and drugs can turn urine into light red or orange red. If you don't eat these things, it means that the urine contains red blood cells, which is also called gross hematuria, and sometimes it can be like meat washing water. There are many reasons for hematuria. If it is persistent painless hematuria, we should first be alert to the silent attack of the tumor. If accompanied by fever and urinary irritation, it may be urinary system infection; If accompanied by low back pain, it may be urinary calculi; If accompanied by edema and hypertension, you need to be alert to acute glomerulonephritis; There may even be sports hematuria caused by excessive exercise and nutcracker phenomenon caused by being too slim.
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2, tan or thick brown urine
If there is brown or dark brown urine in the urine, it may be caused by severe water shortage in the body. Drink water quickly. After hydration, the urine is still dark brown for a long time, so we should be alert to chronic glomerulonephritis; Brown urine may be a lesion of the liver or gallbladder. At this time, we must pay attention to whether the body has other symptoms, such as hypertension, edema or jaundice, fatigue, epigastric discomfort, etc., and pay attention to other signals such as nephritis and hepatitis.
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3, soy sauce color urine
Acute nephritis, acute icteric hepatitis, muscle crush injury lead to rhabdomyolysis or transfusion of wrong blood type, hemolytic anemia, and urine such as cola or soy sauce may be discharged. However, some people will also excrete soy sauce-colored urine after eating broad beans, accompanied by dizziness, nausea or yellow eyes. Be wary of "silkworm bean disease", which is a hereditary disease in which red blood cells lack glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase; Once soy sauce-colored urine appears, it indicates acute and severe intravascular hemolysis, so you should seek medical attention in time to avoid delaying the illness.
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4, milky white urine
Urine is milky white, which may be caused by the following three reasons. The first one is serious urinary system infection, such as pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis or renal tuberculosis, accompanied by symptoms such as urination irritation, fever and low back pain; The second is caused by a high-fat diet. Urine contains a large number of fat particles, which are turbid and milky white, also known as chyluria. The third is because men suffer from prostatitis, nongonococcal urethritis or gonorrhea, and their urine is white and sticky.
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5, blue urine
Blue urine is rare and can be seen in patients with familial hypercalcemia (a rare disease); Or related to the use of drugs such as aminopterin and methylene blue. This kind of blue urine caused by taking medicine is a normal phenomenon and will disappear soon after stopping taking medicine.
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6. Green urine
Anesthetics propofol and amitriptyline can also cause green urine; When Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows in urine, it may excrete green urine. In addition, according to the trichromatic principle, when pathological blue urine is mixed with normal yellow urine, urine will also turn green.
7. Black urine
Melanuria is common in patients with phenol poisoning, malignant melanoma or urinary melancholia (brownish yellow disease). Phenol is partially oxidized in human body and discharged from urine. After standing for a period of time, urine turns into black urine. However, due to excessive melanin production in the body, the melanin in the blood is reduced to melanogen by the liver, and the melanogen discharged from the urine becomes melanin after oxidation, and turns black after standing. There are also some people whose congenital genetic defects lead to abnormal metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine, which leads to uric acid in patients' urine and makes the urine black.
8. Purple urine
It is seen in purple urine bag syndrome, which is relatively rare, mainly because there is pigmentation in the urine tube and urine bag after long-term indwelling of urine tube. The main reason is that indigo and indirubin, the final products of intestinal indole metabolism, interact with urine bags and precipitate, so it is not a big problem to change urine bags frequently.
The color of urine contains the secret of health, and it is also a traffic light for kidney health. After urinating every day, you might as well observe your urine. Once the urine color is abnormal, you should go to the hospital in time to find out the reason. Only by finding the abnormalities in the body in time, preventing and treating them in time can the body and kidneys be healthier.