1, bad sperm is easy to give birth to ugly babies?
Modern people get married later and later, and childbearing is delayed. In order to give birth to a healthy baby, many couples of childbearing age choose to go to the hospital for a comprehensive examination before pregnancy. Sperm quality is the cornerstone of male fertility evaluation. 65438+1October 28th is "Men's Health Day". There are still many misunderstandings about the relationship between sperm quality and infertility in the traditional concept of ordinary people. There are also many rumors about the story of "Little Tadpole" on the Internet. So what is the truth? The reporter specially consulted Professor Dai Yutian, director of andrology and doctoral supervisor of Nanjing Gulou Hospital.
Rumor 1
Sperm "looks" good and is easier to conceive.
True male infertility is indeed related to sperm malformation.
The 38-year-old Mr. Chen (pseudonym) has been married for 8 years, but his wife has never been pregnant with children. The two went to the hospital for an examination, and his wife was fine. More than 80% of Mr. Chen's sperm are deformed. The couple are anxious. "Can such grotesque sperm still give birth to normal children?"
As we all know, normal men shoot tens of millions of sperm every time they have sex, and only a few "elites" can really reach the ampulla of women's fallopian tubes. In the end, only one sperm combines with the egg to complete fertilization.
But which sperm is "bestofthebest" is still unpredictable in science. But generally speaking, the pregnancy rate of "normal form" sperm will be much higher.
In the andrology laboratory of Gulou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, 10, 10 and March 201107 male infertile patients who received semen examination in the laboratory were analyzed for sperm DNA fragmentation. These patients are between the ages of 25 and 45. Among them, 50.3% of the patients' semen routine examination results were qualified, but 2 1.8% of these patients had sperm DNA damage. In the evaluation of patients with abnormal sperm, most of the sperm with DNA structure damage are head deformities, such as pear-shaped head, conical head and pointed head.
Proverbs 2
Sperm deformity is weak and infertile.
Some fake ones can give birth naturally, and some need treatment.
Many families get the test report and immediately feel scared when they see "abnormal sperm". In fact, the main purpose of semen examination is to understand the function of testis to produce sperm, the function of each accessory gonad to promote sperm maturation and its secretion function, so as to accurately evaluate male fertility and provide basis for the etiological diagnosis of male infertility. At present, the routine analysis of semen mainly focuses on three indicators, sperm quantity, sperm motility and sperm morphology.
Low sperm count, weak vitality and high deformity rate suggest poor fertility and low pregnancy probability, but they cannot predict the final pregnancy outcome. The number is smaller, the vitality is weaker, the deformity rate is higher, and women also have the opportunity to conceive healthy babies.
In addition, sperm morphology is not all 100% normal. As the saying goes, abnormal sperm will be eliminated, and only "normal-shaped" sperm can combine with eggs.
Professor Dai Yutian, director of andrology at Gulou Hospital, said that some male semen reports are all normal, but they are still infertile. Some couples have no problem with the quality of sperm eggs, but they just can't conceive, and there may be problems such as sperm-egg combination disorder. For some sperm abnormalities, you can intervene through drugs, surgery, or lifestyle adjustment, and you can get pregnant naturally; Or through treatment, lay the foundation for future artificial assisted reproductive technology.
Proverbs 3
Sperm deformity, the baby may also be deformed.
False abortion or malformation is related to the genetic material of sperm and eggs.
Professor Dai Yutian said that there are many such patients in clinic. Some people read the report that sperm is deformed or sperm vitality is weak, and they are worried that the child born is deformed. These are all wrong understandings.
The so-called "abnormality" is an index we use when evaluating sperm ability. The increase of sperm deformity rate increases the difficulty of natural pregnancy. But it can't be said that sperm morphology is not good, and the genetic material of sperm is problematic. Sperm malformation is not necessarily related to whether deformed offspring are born.
In addition, some women have threatened abortion during pregnancy, some need to protect the fetus, and some eventually lose the fetus. Later, "looking for reasons" found that the man's sperm was deformed or not energetic enough. Is the wife's "fetal arrest" also a husband's problem?
Experts say that abortion is also related to the quality of the embryo itself and the genetic material of sperm and eggs.
Proverbs 4
Suffering from azoospermia, the child was sentenced to death.
After active treatment, many people can still have children.
For patients diagnosed with azoospermia, many people feel that they will never have a baby, and some even break up their families. But there is actually a misunderstanding here.
There are two kinds of azoospermia. If it is pseudoazoospermia, just because the vas deferens is blocked, it can be treated according to the location, nature and degree of obstruction, and some patients can give birth naturally. For patients with pseudoazoospermia who cannot give birth naturally, assisted reproductive technology can also be used to achieve the purpose of giving birth to children.
Another case is true azoospermia, which refers to the dysfunction of testicular spermatogenesis. Drug injury, orchitis and testicular trauma may all lead to pathological changes. If mature sperm can be extracted by testicular biopsy, it can also be a "test tube baby".
In another case, the testis completely loses its spermatogenic function. In the past, such people were completely infertile, but now doctors have a way for some of them. Dai Yutian said that we can find a small number of spermatogenic tubes that still retain their functions in the patient's body, and maybe we can find sperm through microsurgery, so it is possible to be a test-tube baby.
Extended theme 1
Paint, IT and other occupations should be protected before giving birth.
Professor Zeng Qingqi, doctoral supervisor of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and andrology expert of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, told the reporter that several occupations have become high-risk occupations of infertility, such as painting, printing, cooking, driving, IT men who face computers every day, and people engaged in the leather industry.
He said, for example, he met an electric welder who had been married for four or five years and had been unable to have children. After inspection, it is found that all kinds of weldments and covered electrode contain manganese metal, which affects the spermatogenic system. 80% of this man's sperm is deformed. Professor Zeng Qingqi said that sperm development has strict requirements on temperature and humidity, and the testis can also produce sperm well at a temperature below 2℃ in abdominal cavity. If the crotch is facing the stove and engine for a long time, it will easily affect the sperm heat and cause infertility. You should exercise every hour. Those engaged in other industries should be well protected. If they want to have children, they can "close the mountain to facilitate afforestation" in advance and adjust their bodies to the best condition.
2. Expert opinion
1, all heavy metals are harmful to germ cells, so we should pay attention to avoid such pollution sources, especially try to avoid contact with organic solvents (commonly found in paints, adhesives, coatings and detergents).
2, quit smoking and reduce alcohol. Nicotine in cigarettes can damage sperm, resulting in a decrease in semen content and an increase in sperm deformity rate. Alcohol can weaken male reproductive function.
3. Life factors, such as staying up late and staying up late, too much pressure in work and life, have been proved to affect sperm health and quality.
4. Men should not wear tight jeans and airtight underwear. Try to avoid hot springs and saunas, and avoid putting the computer on your knees or thighs for a long time.
5. Avoid pathogenic bacteria and virus infection. The most common diseases are prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, urethritis, orchitis and epididymitis caused by gonococcus, chlamydia and mumps virus infection, which is one of the important reasons for the decline of sperm quality.
3, sperm quality decline?
Reproduction is a way for human beings to reproduce, but with the change of lifestyle and many factors, this "natural" way is more and more disturbed by artificial ways. The reason is that the incidence of infertility is increasing year by year. According to reports, after the implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy, the number of male infertility clinics in hospitals has also shown an increasing trend.
Experts said that in order to prevent infertility, in addition to the "tonifying kidney" of Chinese medicine, it is necessary to increase exercise in moderation and try to avoid sedentary life.
Adult male sperm pass rate is less than 30%
The so-called infertility means that couples of childbearing age have lived together for more than one year, and their sexual life is normal, and they have not used any contraceptive measures and failed to get pregnant. Experts point out that the factors of infertility are more than 40% for men and less than 40% for women, and 10%-20% are the same or unknown factors. Statistics show that the incidence of infertility among couples of childbearing age in China is 10%- 15%, which means that about120,000-150,000 couples will have such problems every year in China. According to statistics, about 654.38+million test-tube babies are born every year in China, and the number of infertile patients in China has exceeded 40 million, accounting for 654.38+02.5% of the population of childbearing age. It is worth noting that infertile couples are younger.
Take men as an example, male infertility is mostly due to asthenospermia and azoospermia. According to the data of a frozen sperm bank in China, the decline of sperm quality year by year has become a major inventory crisis, and the qualified rate of sperm donation has decreased year by year, from an average of 45.9% in 2006 to 17.9% in 2065+05. The authoritative report of sperm bank detection in China shows that the sperm pass rate of normal adult males is less than 30%. China scholars' research shows that in recent 25 years, the number, activity rate and normal morphology rate of normal men in China have declined. According to the data released by the World Health Organization more than ten years ago, the abnormal sperm rate in a normal semen is 15%, while the normal sperm in a semen is only about 4% at present. In particular, sperm chromosome aberration or immature sperm nucleus will lead to abnormal or terminated embryo development, which is the most common male factor leading to female abortion.
Many factors can lead to male infertility.
With the gradual change of lifestyle, people's pace of life has also begun to accelerate, especially in some first-and second-tier cities, people are under multiple pressures of life and work. At the same time, it has become an indisputable fact that modern young people lack exercise. Coupled with changes in eating habits and frequent intake of high-fat and high-calorie foods, people's physical fitness will also decline. In addition to congenital factors, these have also become an important cause of infertility.
Male testicles are easily affected by the surrounding environment. For example, electric blanket is a must-have item for many people in winter. Even for heating in northern areas, electric blankets will come in handy before heating begins. But the testis is the only gland in the male body outside the body, and all other glands are in the human body.
The reason is that testis is suitable for a relatively low temperature environment, generally around 35℃, while the average body temperature of human body is generally around 37℃. In addition, testis, a gland tissue, is also easily influenced by the surrounding environment. Some people will also hide pills. Long-term storage of pills will easily lead to testicular infertility, because the internal temperature of the human body is relatively high, and the spermatogenic cells in the testis are destroyed, leading to infertility. Long-term use of electric blanket will make testicles in a high temperature state. Therefore, people with reproductive needs should try to avoid using electric blankets.
In addition, other lifestyles, including frequent hot baths and saunas, will also affect men's reproductive function.
Exercise moderately, lose weight and stay up late less.
Judging from the situation in the world and China, many factors can lead to infertility, including environment, diet, bad living habits, excessive drinking and smoking. Life should be avoided as much as possible. At the same time, avoid sitting for a long time. Usually get up every 2-3 hours to do simple activities. In addition, we should do moderate exercise. Overweight male body will lead to the increase of inguinal temperature, which will damage the growth of sperm and lead to infertility. At the same time, men should also pay attention to adjust their mental state, try to relax and avoid staying up late, because excessive mental stress may affect sperm production or sperm quality decline through the neuroendocrine system.