Toothpaste is an auxiliary product for brushing teeth, which has the functions of rubbing, removing dental plaque, cleaning and polishing the tooth surface and refreshing the mouth.
No matter what kind of toothpaste it is, its components mainly include detergent, friction agent, adhesive, essence and different drugs, and friction agent is the main body of toothpaste.
Toothpaste is washed away without staying in the mouth for a long time, so it is difficult for some special toothpastes to work in a short time. If your teeth are healthy, you can choose ordinary toothpaste.
Toothpaste is a common cleaning product in daily life with a long history. With the continuous development of science and technology and the continuous improvement and perfection of technology and equipment, various types of toothpaste have come out one after another, and the quality and grade of products have been continuously improved. Now, the variety of toothpaste has developed from a single clean toothpaste to a multifunctional toothpaste with complete varieties, diverse functions and hundreds of brands, which meets the needs of different consumption levels.
To choose toothpaste, we must first know that toothpaste is not a magic weapon for dental health. It is only an auxiliary product for brushing teeth, which has the functions of rubbing, removing plaque, cleaning and polishing the tooth surface and refreshing the mouth.
Ingredients of toothpaste:
Toothpaste is a complex mixture, which usually consists of friction agent (such as calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, silicon dioxide and aluminum hydroxide), humectant (such as glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and water), surfactant (such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium 2- acyloxy bond sulfonate and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate) and thickener (such as carboxymethyl cellulose, antler glue, hydroxyethyl cellulose and xanthan gum). Special toothpaste It is a kind of toothpaste with special properties.
Fluorine toothpaste contains active substances such as sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and zinc fluoride, which is very effective in preventing dental caries. Adding chlorophyll to chlorophyll toothpaste has special effects on preventing gum bleeding and bad breath. Toothpaste containing enzyme can decompose residual food, which is effective in cleaning mouth and preventing moths. Medicated toothpaste can treat oral diseases by adding drugs to toothpaste. Huang Cen Toothpaste and Caoshanhu Toothpaste sold in the market can obviously relieve and treat gingival bleeding, gingival swelling, halitosis and dentin hypersensitivity.
Toothpaste is composed of powder friction agent, wetting agent, surfactant, adhesive, perfume, sweetener and other special ingredients.
Friction agent
Commonly used friction agents in toothpaste are:
① Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): There are two kinds of calcium carbonate: heavy calcium carbonate and light calcium carbonate. Heavy calcium carbonate is made by crushing, grinding and refining limestone and calcite in rocks. Light calcium carbonate is obtained by dissolving calcium salt in hydrochloric acid and then introducing carbon dioxide. Light calcium carbonate has fine particles and light specific gravity, and can be used in toothpaste.
② calcium hydrogen phosphate (calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate CaHPO4? 2H2O and anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4): Calcium hydrogen phosphate can be divided into dihydrate salt and anhydrous salt of bimolecular water. The dihydrate salt has good miscibility with other ingredients, but due to the high hardness and strong friction of anhydrous salt, 5%~ 10% anhydrous salt can be mixed into the dihydrate salt in the special toothpaste for removing smoke marks.
③ Calcium pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7): Calcium pyrophosphate is obtained by high-temperature treatment of calcium hydrogen phosphate. Because it does not react with fluoride, it can be used as the base material of fluoride toothpaste.
④ Hydrated silicic acid (SiO2 nH2O): Hydrated silicic acid is a very fine white particle, which can be used in transparent toothpaste. In addition, because of its large specific volume, it can be used as a filler and tackifier for toothpaste.
wetting agent
Wetting agent can prevent toothpaste from curing and hardening in the hose, and make the paste shiny. Wetting agents used in toothpaste include glycerol, propylene glycol and sorbitol.
surfactant
In order to clean the dirt in the mouth, a neutral detergent-sodium dodecyl sulfate is widely used. Can quickly foam, not only can foam, but also can clean the dirt in the mouth. The surfactant used for toothpaste requires high purity and no peculiar smell, and the general dosage is 2%.
agglutinant
In order to make the ingredients in toothpaste disperse evenly, adhesives can be used, such as CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) and its derivatives, carrageenan, sodium alginate and other substances.
perfume
Mint is the main spice of toothpaste and an indispensable ingredient to give toothpaste a cool feeling. Mint is divided into menthol, peppermint oil and other substances, as well as spices derived from them. In addition, fruit flavors, such as citrus flavors, can also be used, but there are strict restrictions as toothpaste flavors.
benefit
In order to improve the taste of toothpaste, a small amount of saccharin was added to toothpaste. Glycerol as a wetting agent also has a sweet taste, so the dosage of saccharin is generally 0.0 1% ~ 0. 1%. Xylitol can also be used as a sweetener.
other
In order to prevent and treat oral diseases, some special ingredients are added to some toothpastes: ① In order to get rid of bad breath, disinfectants such as biguanide hexane and cedrol are often added to toothpaste, and copper chlorophyllin also plays a certain role in preventing bad breath. ② Fluoride can be added to prevent dental caries, which can not only inhibit the fermentation of oral residues, but also strengthen the enamel on the tooth surface. Considering the safety, the fluorine content in toothpaste is below 1000 micrograms. People who drink fluorine-containing natural water have a relatively low incidence of dental caries, but drinking water with high fluorine content will form white turbid teeth (mottled teeth) on the surface of teeth, making teeth brittle.