Shousui
In our country, people have the habit of keeping watch on New Year's Eve. Watching the new year begins with eating New Year's Eve dinner. This New Year's Eve dinner should be eaten slowly, starting with lighting lanterns, and some families have to eat it until late at night. According to Zonggu's records of Jingchu's age, at least in the Southern Dynasties, there was a custom of New Year's Eve dinner.
The custom of observing the old age not only includes the feeling of farewell and nostalgia for the fleeting time, but also expresses the good hope for the coming New Year. The ancients wrote in the poem "Shousui": "Invite Shousui Arong's family to spread red candles to green gauze; Thirty-six years have passed, and I am more willing to cherish my youth from this night. "It is human nature to cherish the years, so the great poet Su Shi wrote a famous sentence:" There will be no years next year, and I am worried about waste; "Do your best tonight, young people can still boast!" This shows the positive significance of keeping old on New Year's Eve.
Keep your age at 30, commonly known as "endure the year." Why is it called "Endure the Year"? There is an interesting story from generation to generation among the people: It is said that there was a fierce monster in the ancient wild times, and people called it "Nian". Every New Year's Eve, Nian beast will climb out of the sea to kill people and animals, destroy the countryside and bring disaster to people who have worked hard for a year. In order to avoid the Nian beast, people close the door early on the 30th night of the twelfth lunar month, dare not sleep, wait until dawn, and drink to kill time and courage. On the first morning of the new year, you dare not go out until the Nian beast comes out. When people saw it, they bowed to each other, congratulated each other, and were glad that they had not been eaten by Nian beast. After many years, nothing happened, and people relaxed their vigilance against Nian beast. On the evening of 30th one year, Nian beast suddenly fled to a village in the south of the Yangtze River. A village was almost eaten up by Nian beast, and only a pair of newly-married couples in red curtains were safe and sound. There are also a few childish people who lit a pile of bamboo in the yard and were playing. The fire is red. Bamboo exploded after burning. Nian beast turned here and saw the fire turn and flee. From then on, people know that Nian beast is afraid of red, light and noise. At the end of each year, every household sticks red paper, wears red robes, hangs red lights, beats gongs and drums, and sets off firecrackers, so that Nian Beasts dare not come again. In The Book of Songs Xiaoya Tingliao, there is a record of "the light of Tingliao". The so-called "pavilion" is a torch made of bamboo poles. After the bamboo pole burns, the air in the bamboo joint expands, and the bamboo cavity bursts, making a crackling sound, which is the origin of "firecrackers". However, villagers in some places don't know that Nian beast is afraid of red and is often eaten by Nian beast. This story later spread to Zixing in the sky. In order to save people, he is determined to destroy Nian beast. One year the beast came out, knocked it down with a fireball and chained it to a stone pillar with a thick chain. From then on, every New Year, people always burn incense and ask Zixing to come down to keep safe.
The above is the origin of the legendary New Year's Eve.
On the night of "two years old in one night, two years old in class five", families get together and get together. The family sat together and the table was full of tea and fruit. If you are young, you can't get a big plate of apples, which is called "peace". In the north, some families still have to provide a pot of rice, which was cooked before the New Year. It's called "annual meal", which means that there are leftovers every year, which can't be eaten all year round, and this year we still eat the grain of the previous year. This new year's rice bowl is usually cooked with rice and millet. There is a saying in Beijing that for the sake of yellow and white, it is called "two rice". This is called "golden rice with gold and silver, gold and silver everywhere". In many places, cakes, melons and fruits are prepared to win a lucky one: eating dates (spring comes early), persimmons (all the best), almonds (gratifying), longevity fruit (immortal) and rice cakes (getting higher every year). On New Year's Eve, the family ate happily, talking and laughing. Some vulgar families push pai gow, roll dice, bet on stud and play mahjong, and the noise of laughter and laughter has become the climax of New Year's Eve. The whole world is looking forward to the arrival of the zero new year.
The legend of enduring a year
In our country, people have the habit of keeping watch on New Year's Eve. Watching the new year begins with eating New Year's Eve dinner. This New Year's Eve dinner should be eaten slowly, starting with lighting lanterns, and some families have to eat it until late at night. According to the Chronicle of Jingchu in the Song Dynasty, at least in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a custom of New Year's Eve.
The custom of observing the old age not only includes the feeling of farewell and nostalgia for the fleeting time, but also expresses the good hope for the coming New Year. The ancients wrote in the poem "Shousui": "Invite Shousui Arong's family to spread red candles to green gauze; Thirty-six years have passed, and I am more willing to cherish my youth from this night. "It is human nature to cherish the years, so the great poet Su Shi wrote a famous sentence:" There will be no years next year, and I am worried about waste; "Do your best tonight, young people can still boast!" This shows the positive significance of keeping old on New Year's Eve.
Keep your age at 30, commonly known as "endure the year." Why is it called "Endure the Year"? There is an interesting story among generations of people: in Archaean, there was a fierce monster scattered in the mountains, and people called them "Nian". Nian has a ferocious appearance and a ferocious nature. It only eats birds, animals and scale insects, and changes its taste every day, from kowtowing insects to living people, which makes people talk about "Nian". Slowly, people mastered the activity law of "Year". It turns out that every 365 days in 2008, I went to places where people lived to taste fresh food, and the time of haunt was after dark. When the rooster crowed at dawn, they returned to the mountains. When the ravaging date of "Nian" was determined, men and women regarded this terrible night as the "Year's Eve" and came up with a set of methods for "Year's Eve": every family prepared the New Year's Eve dinner in advance, turned off the stove, tied up all the barns, sealed their doors and hid in the house to eat the "New Year's Eve"-because it was very fierce. After dinner, no one dared to sleep, so they sat together and got up the courage to chat.
Except at night.
New Year's Eve refers to the night on the last day of the twelfth lunar month, which is connected with the Spring Festival (the first day of the first month). The word "except" in "New Year's Eve" is "go"; Easy; "Alternating" means that New Year's Eve means "the month is poor and the old year is exhausted". People want to get rid of the old department and the old year, and the coming year means getting a new year. This is the last night of the Lunar New Year. Therefore, the activities during this period are all around changing the old for the new, eliminating disasters and praying for blessings.
During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, an exorcism ceremony was held in the palace at the end of each year, and drumming was called exorcism, and then it was called exorcism on the day before New Year's Eve, that is, New Year's Eve. New Year's Eve is New Year's Eve, that is, New Year's Eve.
New Year's Eve is the most unforgettable night of the year. New Year's Eve is the most lively and noisy night. As soon as it was smeared, children or young men had already set off firecrackers with incense, ringing in the east and ringing in the west, boldly amplifying firecrackers. The young one put his hand over his ear and leaned out from a distance, while the other children put their hands over their ears and waited nervously and anxiously. This scene can be remembered even when people are old.
There are three main activities on New Year's Eve: having a reunion dinner, offering sacrifices and observing the New Year.
hundred years
An important activity of the Spring Festival is to congratulate the New Year at new friends and friends' homes and neighbors, which used to be called New Year greetings. In China, the custom of paying New Year greetings has a long history. In ancient times, there was a difference between New Year greetings and New Year greetings: New Year greetings were to knock on elders; The New Year is a time for peers to congratulate each other. Now, some organizations, groups, enterprises and schools get together to congratulate each other, which is called "group worship".
New Year greeting is a traditional folk custom in China, and it is a way for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and express their best wishes to each other. In ancient times, the original meaning of the word "Happy New Year" was to pay New Year greetings to the elderly, including kowtowing to the elderly, congratulating them on a happy New Year and greeting their lives. In case of friends and relatives of the same generation, you should also salute and congratulate.
New Year greetings usually begin at home. On the morning of the first day, after getting up, the younger generation should first pay a New Year call to their elders, wishing them a long and healthy life and all the best. After the elders worship, they should distribute the "lucky money" prepared in advance to the younger generation. After paying New Year greetings to the elders at home, people should greet each other with smiles when they go out to meet, and exchange auspicious words such as "Congratulations on getting rich", "Best wishes in the four seasons" and "Happy New Year". Neighbors or relatives and friends also pay New Year greetings to each other or treat them to drinks and entertainment. In the sixth volume of Chinese Dream in Tokyo, the veteran Meng described the time of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty and said, "On October 1st, Kaifeng Prefecture was opened for three days, and scholars celebrated each other early." In the mid-Ming Dynasty, Lu Rong said in Volume V of Miscellaneous Notes on Gardens: "On New Year's Day in the capital, people who travel to Shu Ren for several days from court officials are called' New Year greetings'. However, Shu Ren worships his relatives and friends. " When dealing with North Korean officials, they are more caring than experts ... "... Gu Tieqing, a native, described in Lu:" Men and women pay homage to their parents, and the Lord leads them to humble their children, or stop sending their children congratulations, which is called' New Year greetings'. "Even people who don't meet for a lifetime, at this time, they also worship each other at the door ..."
In ancient times, if neighbors had too many relatives and friends, it was difficult to walk around the whole house. People call it "flying mail", and let servants take their business cards to pay New Year's greetings. There is a red paper bag in front of every house with the word "Fu Jie" written on it, which is the purpose of airmail. This custom began in the upper class of the Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Yantai's Order of Last Month described the Beijing New Year Festival: "It's the moon, the film flies, and the car goes empty." Become fashionable. "A large family has a special" door book "to record the guests' contacts and flying photos. There are four virtual "relatives" on the front page of the door: one is a centenarian who lives in centenarian lane; One said he was rich and lived in Yuanbao Street. One is your infinite adult, living in the university archway; One day, Fu Zhao visited his master and lived in Five Blessingg Building. For good luck. So far, the gift of New Year cards and greeting cards during the Spring Festival is the legacy of this ancient exchange of flying cards.
Scholars in the upper class have the custom of greeting each other with famous cards. Hui Zhou, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said in Qingbo magazine: "During the reign of Emperor Yuanyou of the Song Dynasty, people were often stabbed with servants in the name of Chinese New Year." . At that time, the scholar-officials had a wide circle of friends, and it took time and energy to pay New Year greetings everywhere. Therefore, some close friends did not go in person, but sent their servants to take a card cut with plum blossom stationery, two inches wide and three inches long, with the recipient's name, address and congratulations written on it. In the Ming dynasty, people visited instead of paying New Year's greetings. Wen Zhiming, an outstanding painter and poet in the Ming Dynasty, described this in his poem "New Year": "I don't want to meet each other, but I want to talk, and my famous articles are full; I also throw a few pieces of paper at people. The world is too simple and empty. " The "famous thorn" and "famous divination" mentioned here are the origins of today's New Year cards. New Year cards are used to connect feelings and exchange greetings, which are convenient and practical and still popular today.
From about the Qing Dynasty, the form of "group worship" was added to the New Year greetings. In "Jade Tan with a Hat on the Side", the master of the Qing Dynasty said: "At the beginning of the year, the capital must make a routine group worship to unite the friendship of the New Year and show the nostalgia", and "every year, we must book guests, discuss the value of new year's goods, eat and drink, and have a happy day".
With the development of the times, the custom of New Year greetings is constantly adding new contents and forms. Nowadays, in addition to following the previous way of greeting the New Year, etiquette telegrams and telephone greetings have mushroomed.
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The origin of New Year greetings
This story happened during the reign of Li Shimin in the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin went through all kinds of hardships to block the east and kill the west, which laid a solid foundation and made great contributions to the Manchu dynasty.
Cheng felt that he was the first person to follow and always wanted to sell his senior position, so he couldn't bear the pressure of the court. Weichi Gong's contribution is not small, just the same, a little later than him. Both of them are hillbillies, fighting for credit. Neither of them answered anyone, and even wanted to fight.
When Li Shimin became emperor, he was worried that ministers would disagree. He can't eat or drink well all day, sighing and thinking hard, but he can't solve the problem. On this day, Li Shimin left the court and returned to the harem. Just sat down, the eunuch came to report: "Long live! Lord Wei asks for an audience. " As soon as he heard that Wei Zheng was coming, his heart was in high spirits and his spirit came. Wei Zhi spent a lot of brains for the Tang Dynasty and devoted himself to protecting his right-hand man, Li Shimin. When Li Shimin heard that he was coming, he quickly said, "Please come in!"
Wei Zhi entered the harem and gave Li Shimin a present. Two people sit down, you look at me, I look at you, without saying a word. After waiting for a while, Wei Zhi said, "Hooray, you are always sad these days. What are you thinking? " ? Say it out, maybe I can share some sadness for you. "
"Wei, don't mention it, now let's be peaceful, but some ministers don't agree. If there is a war, there will be differences between generals, which is very good! " Unlike other emperors, Li Shimin can accept everyone's opinions.
Wei Zhi said, "Hooray, that's why I'm here."
"That's better. What do you think? "
"I have a saying, I don't know when it is inappropriate."
"What's wrong with that?"
Having said this, Kevin·Z liked it very much: "Long live, tomorrow will be New Year's Eve, and the day after tomorrow will be the first day of New Year's Eve. I kowtow to Manchu civil servants early tomorrow morning, saying it's a New Year greeting. You ask everyone to pay New Year greetings to each other on the first day of the first year. Say auspicious words when visiting New Year. I wish you a long life and a happy New Year. There is also one who wants to make self-criticism, only saying that he is not good, not saying that others are not good. In this way, this matter can be solved. "
Li Shimin a listen to, this is a way. Everyone has the feeling of meeting.
Early the next morning, all the civil and military officials of the Qing Dynasty were here. The golden bell rang three times, and Li Shimin came out from behind the screen. Man Wu stood up when he saw his master come out. Before they could shout hooray, they said, "Dear Ai Qing, it's still early. I salute you first. " He gave everyone a deep bow. When everyone saw this scene, Brother Zhang Er was puzzled. Why did the emperor bow to us? Li Shimin also said, "Dear Ai Qing, let's have a happy New Year this year. Tomorrow, on the first day of the lunar new year, we should know the big things and the small things, and worship each other for one year. Remind everyone again that you should say that you are wrong when you pay a New Year call. You can't mention others' mistakes. You have to say auspicious. "
On hearing this, all the officials in the civil and military affairs of the Qing Dynasty agreed and said with one voice, "Your Majesty!" Li Shimin knelt down and when he got up, Li Shimin returned to his throne in Kowloon and said, "Ladies and gentlemen, you love the Qing Dynasty. If you have books to play early, we won't go to North Korea without them. I won't go early tomorrow morning, and I will pay New Year greetings to each other. " When I said this, Wu Wen of the Manchu Dynasty came down happily.
The next day is New Year's Day. Come along in the morning and have a good time. Man Wu, you come to my house, I'll go to your house and start paying New Year's greetings.
Sitting in the mansion, Cheng opened his heart: I can go to anyone's house, but I can't go to Weichi Gong's. We are enemies of the three rivers and the four seas. If I go to his house, I won't bow my head. Is it okay? But he still has a concern: if I don't go, he will come to me the next day and say that I disobeyed the imperial edict. I can't afford this responsibility. what can I do? Hi! I am the boss of Manchu Wenwu. Who can compare with me? I was the first one. Are you scared?
While hesitating, the family came in: "Tell your Excellency that Weichi Gong has come to pay a New Year call!" "When he heard this, he panicked, put on his clothes and hat, and hurried to meet him. He didn't expect Weichi Gong to come to him.
As soon as Weichi Gong saw Cheng, he bowed down and said, "I wish Adult Cheng good health and a happy New Year." As soon as he said this, Cheng knelt down. When they stood up hand in hand, Cheng said to them, "This is no place to talk. Go, go inside. " Just pull Weichi Gong into the living room.
As soon as he entered the living room, tea was served. Cheng said to him, "Lord Wei Chi, I am a redneck, and I am sorry for you in every way. I'll think about it. This is totally my fault. I just said I'd come to your house to pay a New Year call, and you came first. Well, we have to have two drinks today.
"No, we'll drink it another day. I can't make a net profit, I was wrong. "
It's great that the two of them are discussing this matter and both of them are out of breath. I ran out the back door with a big belly. As soon as they reconciled, so did the other officials.
Later, it spread to the countryside, and the villagers thought it was a good thing. If there is a quarrel between the villagers' brothers, it is inevitable that there will be war. Through the New Year greetings, all enemies will be solved. This custom has been handed down.
Another version:
A long time ago, there was a monster named Nian. Every winter, when there is a shortage of food, we will go out to eat people in 2008. Once, in the village. Seeing a goat boy who set off firecrackers, Nian got scared and ran away. He was even more afraid when he saw the red dress fluttering on the road. Finally, Nian tried to rest under the eaves of a family, but the candlelight of the building at the door stung him dizzy, and finally ran back to the mountains and never came back! People find that there are three fears in the year: sound, red and fire. In this way, every household will set off firecrackers, put up red couplets and make a fire when it comes out of the mountain in "2008". Congratulations to each other!
This is the legend of the coming Ming Dynasty!
There is also a version: there are word sources. In ancient times, the word "nian" was placed in the word "he". In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, "Year" means a bumper harvest. "Biography of Guliang" says, "All grains are ripe, one year", which means a bumper harvest. The official title of "Nian" was in the Zhou Dynasty, and the official name of "Nian" was in the Han Dynasty. In the southern dynasties, there was a record of the year end!
Respondents: Dongdan Zen-Magician Level 41-1716:19.
The origin of New Year greetings
This story happened during the reign of Li Shimin in the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin went through all kinds of hardships to block the east and kill the west, which laid a solid foundation and made great contributions to the Manchu dynasty.
Cheng felt that he was the first person to follow and always wanted to sell his senior position, so he couldn't bear the pressure of the court. Weichi Gong's contribution is not small, just the same, a little later than him. Both of them are hillbillies, fighting for credit. Neither of them answered anyone, and even wanted to fight.
When Li Shimin became emperor, he was worried that ministers would disagree. He can't eat or drink well all day, sighing and thinking hard, but he can't solve the problem. On this day, Li Shimin left the court and returned to the harem. Just sat down, the eunuch came to report: "Long live! Lord Wei asks for an audience. " As soon as he heard that Wei Zheng was coming, his heart was in high spirits and his spirit came. Wei Zhi spent a lot of brains for the Tang Dynasty and devoted himself to protecting his right-hand man, Li Shimin. When Li Shimin heard that he was coming, he quickly said, "Please come in!"
Wei Zhi entered the harem and gave Li Shimin a present. Two people sit down, you look at me, I look at you, without saying a word. After waiting for a while, Wei Zhi said, "Hooray, you are always sad these days. What are you thinking? " ? Say it out, maybe I can share some sadness for you. "
"Wei, don't mention it, now let's be peaceful, but some ministers don't agree. If there is a war, there will be differences between generals, which is very good! " Unlike other emperors, Li Shimin can accept everyone's opinions.
Wei Zhi said, "Hooray, that's why I'm here."
"That's better. What do you think? "
"I have a saying, I don't know when it is inappropriate."
"What's wrong with that?"
Having said this, Kevin·Z liked it very much: "Long live, tomorrow will be New Year's Eve, and the day after tomorrow will be the first day of New Year's Eve. I kowtow to Manchu civil servants early tomorrow morning, saying it's a New Year greeting. You ask everyone to pay New Year greetings to each other on the first day of the first year. Say auspicious words when visiting New Year. I wish you a long life and a happy New Year. There is also one who wants to make self-criticism, only saying that he is not good, not saying that others are not good. In this way, this matter can be solved. "
Li Shimin a listen to, this is a way. Everyone has the feeling of meeting.
Early the next morning, all the civil and military officials of the Qing Dynasty were here. The golden bell rang three times, and Li Shimin came out from behind the screen. Man Wu stood up when he saw his master come out. Before they could shout hooray, they said, "Dear Ai Qing, it's still early. I salute you first. " He gave everyone a deep bow. When everyone saw this scene, Brother Zhang Er was puzzled. Why did the emperor bow to us? Li Shimin also said, "Dear Ai Qing, let's have a happy New Year this year. Tomorrow, on the first day of the lunar new year, we should know the big things and the small things, and worship each other for one year. Remind everyone again that you should say that you are wrong when you pay a New Year call. You can't mention others' mistakes. You have to say auspicious. "
On hearing this, all the officials in the civil and military affairs of the Qing Dynasty agreed and said with one voice, "Your Majesty!" Li Shimin knelt down and when he got up, Li Shimin returned to his throne in Kowloon and said, "Ladies and gentlemen, you love the Qing Dynasty. If you have books to play early, we won't go to North Korea without them. I won't go early tomorrow morning, and I will pay New Year greetings to each other. " When I said this, Wu Wen of the Manchu Dynasty came down happily.
The next day is New Year's Day. Come along in the morning and have a good time. Man Wu, you come to my house, I'll go to your house and start paying New Year's greetings.
Sitting in the mansion, Cheng opened his heart: I can go to anyone's house, but I can't go to Weichi Gong's. We are enemies of the three rivers and the four seas. If I go to his house, I won't bow my head. Is it okay? But he still has a concern: if I don't go, he will come to me the next day and say that I disobeyed the imperial edict. I can't afford this responsibility. what can I do? Hi! I am the boss of Manchu Wenwu. Who can compare with me? I was the first one. Are you scared?
While hesitating, the family came in: "Tell your Excellency that Weichi Gong has come to pay a New Year call!" "When he heard this, he panicked, put on his clothes and hat, and hurried to meet him. He didn't expect Weichi Gong to come to him.
As soon as Weichi Gong saw Cheng, he bowed down and said, "I wish Adult Cheng good health and a happy New Year." As soon as he said this, Cheng knelt down. When they stood up hand in hand, Cheng said to them, "This is no place to talk. Go, go inside. " Just pull Weichi Gong into the living room.
As soon as he entered the living room, tea was served. Cheng said to him, "Lord Wei Chi, I am a redneck, and I am sorry for you in every way. I'll think about it. This is totally my fault. I just said I'd come to your house to pay a New Year call, and you came first. Well, we have to have two drinks today.
"No, we'll drink it another day. I can't make a net profit, I was wrong. "
It's great that the two of them are discussing this matter and both of them are out of breath. I ran out the back door with a big belly. As soon as they reconciled, so did the other officials.
Later, it spread to the countryside, and the villagers thought it was a good thing. If there is a quarrel between the villagers' brothers, it is inevitable that there will be war. Through the New Year greetings, all enemies will be solved. This custom has been handed down.
Another version:
A long time ago, there was a monster named Nian. Every winter, when there is a shortage of food, we will go out to eat people in 2008. Once, in the village. Seeing a goat boy who set off firecrackers, Nian got scared and ran away. He was even more afraid when he saw the red dress fluttering on the road. Finally, Nian tried to rest under the eaves of a family, but the candlelight of the building at the door stung him dizzy, and finally ran back to the mountains and never came back! People find that there are three fears in the year: sound, red and fire. In this way, every household will set off firecrackers, put up red couplets and make a fire when it comes out of the mountain in "2008". Congratulations to each other!
This is the legend of the coming Ming Dynasty!
There is also a version: there are word sources. In ancient times, the word "nian" was placed in the word "he". In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, "Year" means a bumper harvest. "Biography of Guliang" says, "All grains are ripe, one year", which means a bumper harvest. The official title of "Nian" was in the Zhou Dynasty, but it was in the Han Dynasty that "Nian" was officially designated as the first year. In the Southern Dynasties, there was a record of the year.
Respondents: Gong Bingqian-Apprentice Magician II1-1819: 01.
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