Li Qingzhao was born in a scholar-bureaucrat family who loved literature and art. After she married her former student Zhao Mingcheng, she studied epigraphy and calligraphy together and lived a happy and beautiful life. After the change of Jingkang, she and Zhao Mingcheng lost most of their treasures to avoid the chaos in the south of the Yangtze River. Later, Zhao Mingcheng died of illness, and she wandered alone in Hangzhou, Yuezhou and Jinhua, and spent her old age in misery and loneliness. She has made great achievements in poetry, ci, prose and fu, but ci is the most outstanding and famous one. In his early years, he wrote On Ci, which advocated that "Ci is not one". Pay attention to the characteristics of rhythm, narration and emotion, and criticize the shortcomings of ci writers from Liu Yong and Su Shi to Qin Guan and Huang Tingjian.
The most talented woman, born in a famous family, never forgets anything when she was young, speaks amazingly and reads widely. Qilu's magnificent mountains and rivers contain the creative spirituality of Qingzhao, and she became famous in her girlhood.
After marriage, Qingzhao and her husband fell in love and were inseparable. "A husband is like a good friend." However, the good times did not last long, and the struggle between the old and new parties in North Korea intensified. A pair of mandarin ducks are separated alive, and Zhao Li faces each other across the river, suffering from lovesickness.
Later, the Jin people moved south, and the Southern Song Dynasty was corrupt and incompetent, destroying the Great Wall. Zhao Mingcheng was full of blood, but he died before he could conquer it. What a pity. Witnessing the country's ruin and death, Qing Zhao is "indomitable despite suffering and poverty." In her later years of "searching and looking on coldly", she made great efforts to compile "The Story of the Stone" and completed her husband's unfinished business.
Zhao Qing's words are wonderful, unique, unprecedented and unprecedented. He is honored as the natural and graceful founder and a monument in the history of spiritual civilization in China.
Li Qingzhao's ci can be divided into two periods, one before Du Nan and the other after. Early ci mainly described the theme of hurting spring resentment and boudoir life, which showed the sentimental personality of female ci writers. Such as "Like a Dream" describes the feelings of cherishing spring and loving flowers:
The rain last night dispelled the wind, and a deep sleep did not eliminate the residual wine.
I don't know if the shutter people know that begonia should be green, fat, red and thin.
Another song: Like a Dream
I always remember the sunset in Xiting. Shen Zui didn't know the way home and returned to the boat very late.
Mistaken into the depths of the lotus and started the beach of European herons.
The lyrics she wrote for Zhao Mingcheng's "Going Out" are even more affectionate and unique. For example, Drunken Flowers describes that the poetess feels lonely during the Double Ninth Festival, so she uses yellow flowers as a metaphor to say:
The fog is thick and the clouds are sad forever, the golden beast is sold in the festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is cool in the middle of the night.
Dongli holds the dark fragrance sleeves of wine. After dusk, the roller blinds are not charming. Westerners are thinner than yellow flowers.
It is novel in conception and elegant in taste, which is not comparable to the first-person narrator of ordinary male writers. Another example is "Dried Plum", which expresses the poet's longing for a letter from her husband:
Flowers drift from one place to another, water flows from one place, a kind of acacia, and two leisure places.
I can't get rid of this situation, but I frown and go to my heart.
Her later poems are full of emotional feelings of "things are wrong", thus expressing her deep attachment to her old country and the past. For example, the first part of Slow Sound shows the poet's hopeless sense of loss and the sad expression of being alone in the "cold and lonely, miserable and miserable" environment. The next film is to move the scene and feel sorry for yourself: "Who can watch the window now?" How can the black phoenix tree grow alone? It rained in Mao Mao until dusk. What is the first sad word this time? " The whole word is clear in language, fast in rhythm and sad in tone. Another famous poem, Yong Yu Le, started from the Lantern Festival and missed the past "the heyday of Zhongzhou". The next article wrote:
In the prosperous days of Zhongzhou, I remember focusing on three or five shops and green crowns.
Twisting Jin Xue willow for Chu, today gaunt wind and frost.
It's better to listen to people laughing under the curtains when you go out at night.
The whole poem reveals deep sorrow for the changes of the country, joy for the past and sorrow for the present. Later, Liu Chenweng, a poet at the end of the Song Dynasty, couldn't help crying for it.
Li Qingzhao's ci has a unique style and is called "Yi 'an Style" by later generations. The main characteristics of Li Ci are: First, she created her own female identity and special experience, created an unprecedented female image with distinctive personality, and expanded the emotional depth and ideological connotation of traditional graceful ci. Second, he is good at extracting vivid and fluent language from written language and daily spoken language; Good at using painting and description techniques to form a seamless realm.
well
I often remember the pavilion by the stream next to the pavilion until the sunset, intoxicated by the beautiful scenery and lingering.
Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng.
How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.
well
Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so I slept soundly and didn't consume wine.
Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there.
Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
Dianjiangchun
Lonely boudoir, an inch of sorrow in my heart. Cherish the spring to go, when to rush the rain.
Leaning against the post is just not in the mood! Where are people? Even it's getting dark, and the way home is broken.
Dianjiangchun
Swing on the swing, too lazy to rub delicate hands. Beside her, the thin Germany hung with crystal dew, and the sweat on her chest permeated with the thin silk robe.
Seeing someone coming, socks shoveled away Jin Chai and left in shame. Looking back at the door, Wen Qingmei.
Li Qingzhao, a gifted scholar in Song Dynasty
Li Qingzhao is from Jinan, Shandong. She was born in a noble and scholarly family. Her father, Li, used to be an assistant minister in the official etiquette department, and was a somewhat elegant official. According to the legend of the History of Song Dynasty, Li Ge's lyrics are not refined, his words are lively and his narrative is vivid. He prayed for Tao Yuanming all his life and had a tendency to be born. Unfortunately, his works have been lost, and we have no chance to see them. Qingzhao's mother is Wang's granddaughter, and Wang is the top scholar. It is said that she is very knowledgeable. Therefore, Li Qingzhao's family studies can be said to be very profound.
Her husband, Zhao Mingcheng (Telford), made great efforts in archaeology and became famous all over the world with the book "The Story of the Stone". Zhao Mingcheng's father, Tingzhi Zhao, is a prime minister and a native of Zhucheng. He got married at the age of twenty in the same year as Qingzhao. At that time, Zhao Mingcheng was a student. Although he is the son of the Prime Minister, he is not used to wearing trousers. The happiness of their boudoir is learning knowledge. Ming Cheng's Jin Shi Lu was written by two people who collected stone carvings of Yi artifacts in the pre-Qin and Han and Tang dynasties, and it took a long time. Li Qingzhao wrote a postscript for this book, mainly describing the compilation of the book and indirectly describing the life of the couple. The content is roughly as follows: The husband and wife light candles at work every night, sometimes arrange book signatures, sometimes criticize each other's previous generation of calligraphy and painting, and sometimes join some kind of competition at work. For example, if something happens to a page or even a line of a book, whoever makes a mistake will make tea and offer it. This kind of gambling sometimes tilts the teacup in your arms and changes clothes with a smile. From this interesting boudoir pleasure, it should be easy to see that both of them are extremely intelligent people with similar knowledge.
Li Qingzhao is versatile. She can write words, poetry, writing and drawing. One of her "Pipa Pictures" has been preserved until the Ming Dynasty. No matter how far you go, you have to come back at the critical moment. The Qing Dynasty happened to be in the troubled times of great changes in the south of the Yangtze River. The Northern Song Dynasty was on the verge of doomsday, and the Jin people in the north invaded the south continuously. This is the famous difficulty of Jingkang in history. But the more troubled times, the more women are needed, so it is always troubled times. Li Qingzhao's ci plays a unique role again and again in China. Compared with Emperor Daojun who was infatuated with the famous prostitute Li Shishi at that time, it obviously played an outline role. The couple began to cope with the disaster, trying to let the disaster wash away the vain level of being lucky and seek the inside story of life.
This exile allowed them to cross the river from Shandong to Sunan and Jinling, but it did harm to Zhao Mingcheng's health. He fell ill the year after he arrived in Nanjing. Seeing him clearly, the scenery is different, his eyes are different from the rivers and mountains, and his mood is low. The land under their feet has given them so many strange things and so much painful despair, but they have no intention of resentment. It is that they touch it with warm palms, let it feel the heat of civilization and let it enter the history of culture. After Ming Cheng's death, Qingzhao fell into a tragic predicament. Twenty-nine years of husband and wife, intimate feelings. Looking back on the past, what she regrets in the end are those memories and mourning, the 29 years she spent with Ming Cheng, and the most sad thing for her is the loss of her intimate husband in exile.
In her later years, her life was very miserable, so to speak, she had no fixed place, but Jinhua was the majority. Her grandfather, husband and family are celebrities, and she herself has been praised for a while. However, her old age was still lonely. After Nandu Chen arrived in Shaoxing, he gradually settled down, and everyone had a good time in the beautiful city Lin 'an. At first glance, being in a foreign land is full of strange things, and the original self will become more and more fragile and even assimilated by a foreign land. In fact, things are far from simple. Everything in a foreign land will evoke thoughts of oneself from the opposite side and side, and the scenery in a foreign land will remind people of the starting point of their lives, so the more they are in a foreign land, the more they will evoke their homesickness. Li Qingzhao began to sing Shuangxi, which was out of step with the dignitaries at that time. Moreover, it was slandered by these people. In this environment, she quietly sang "Wujiang is cold in the south and water is cold in the north." It's touching.
Li Qingzhao was forgotten by the dignitaries in Du Nan, and even the year of her death could not be found in the history books. According to the general inference, she lived about 60 years old. To succeed, a great writer must have three superior conditions: first, he must have rich emotions; Second, we must have fantastic ideals; Third, we must have unique creativity. Because there is no rich emotion, it is tantamount to losing the life of literature; Without fantastic ideals, it is not easy to reach an ethereal and broad realm; No creative ability, just imitating predecessors, never establishing a unique style. Among the poets in the Northern Song Dynasty, there are all kinds of emotions, ideals and creativity, but they can go their separate ways.
Only Su Shi and Qin Guan are integrated into a system; Secondly, the only person who should be counted is Li Qingzhao.
Former residence of Li Qingzhao
On the north side of Shuyuanquan in Baotuquan Park, Jinan, there is a memorial hall of Li Qingzhao, the most outstanding female writer in China history and an outstanding representative of graceful poets. Li Qingzhao,no. Yi 'an Jushi, was born in Jinan.
Because she had Shu Yuji before her death, later generations determined that her former residence was next to Shu Yuquan. This memorial hall is an imitation of the Song Dynasty. There is a "Li Qingzhao Memorial Hall" inscribed by Guo Moruo on the gate. In front of the hall, there is a couplet inscribed by her: "The former residence of Baotu Spring on Daming Lake, deep in weeping willows; There is a legacy in the literary works of Shu Yu Ji Jin Shi Xue. " In the exhibition hall, there are portraits and works of female poets, inscriptions by my father and Taishan stone carvings by my husband, as well as inscriptions by Ye Shengtao, a famous contemporary scholar and writer, and Xia and Tibetan writers.
Li Qingzhao was born in a family full of scholarly atmosphere, and her father Li was proficient in classics and history and was good at prose. Mother Wang also knows that books can be written. Influenced by her family, she was gifted at an early age. She once wrote "Like a Dream", describing her happy life in Jinan as a girl: "I always remember the sunset in Xiting, and I don't know where to go when I am drunk. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. Fight for the ferry, fight for the ferry, and open a beach of gulls and herons. " In the Song Dynasty, there was indeed a "West Pavilion" in the west of Jinan.
At the age of eighteen, Li Qingzhao married Zhao Mingcheng, a former student and son of Prime Minister Tingzhi Zhao, in Bianjing. After marriage, the husband and wife have deep feelings and often write poems in newspapers. One year on the Double Ninth Festival, Li Qingzhao wrote the famous "Drunken Flowers" and gave it to her husband who was an official outside: "The fog is thick and the clouds are always sad, and the brain sells golden beasts. Double Ninth Festival, lying in bed, in the middle of the night, the cold on my body has just been soaked. Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Mo Tao does not forget me, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. " The loneliness of the autumn boudoir and the melancholy of the boudoir are vividly on the paper. According to "Cape Ring Record", after receiving it, Zhao Mingcheng was amazed and unwilling to yield to the wind. He stayed indoors, forgot to eat or sleep for three days and three nights, and wrote fifty poems. He incorporated this poem by Li Qingzhao into it and asked his friend Lu Defu to comment on it. Lu Defu played it over and over again and said, "Only three sentences are excellent." Zhao asked which three sentences it was, and Lu said, "It's not charming. The curtain rolls west, and people are thinner than yellow flowers."
In A.D. 1 127, the northern Jin family invaded Bianjing, and Qin zong was captured, while Gao zong fled south. Li Qingzhao and his wife also crossed the south of the Yangtze River. The following year, Zhao Mingcheng died in Jiankang (Nanjing).
Li Qingzhao wandered alone in the south of the Yangtze River and spent his old age in loneliness and desolation. The poet suffered the death of his country, his family and his husband, and his lyrics were even more touching. For example, the famous "Slow Whispering": searching, cold and clear, sad and sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold. Three glasses of light wine, how can you beat him? It's too late in the wind. Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance. Yellow flowers were piled all over the floor, withered and damaged. Who can pick them now? Looking out the window, how can a person be dark? Indus is raining in Mao Mao, dripping at dusk. This time, what is the first one, the word sadness?
Li Qingzhao also wrote a bold and unrestrained "Summer quatrains" in the early days of Nandu: "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost hero. I still think of Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. " By Xiang Yu's unyielding death, he stabbed Hui Zong's father and son and humiliated the country, and his meaning was obvious.