Analysis:
Alopecia is a common skin disease, which can be divided into male alopecia (also called androgenetic alopecia, male baldness, commonly known as premature baldness, baldness or Mediterranean). ), seborrheic alopecia (also known as liposuction), alopecia areata, etc. Common alopecia is mostly male alopecia (more than 50% of alopecia patients) and seborrheic alopecia (more than 45%), and other types of alopecia only account for 5% of the total number of alopecia patients (3% of them are alopecia areata, and the rest only account for 2%). Many people, including many doctors, always confuse seborrheic alopecia with male alopecia. In fact, this is a confusing fallacy, because seborrheic alopecia has its own unique reasons and characteristics besides the abnormal androgen level like male alopecia. Seborrheic alopecia is a kind of alopecia that occurs on the basis of excessive seborrhea. Its symptoms are excessive scalp fat overflow, often accompanied by increased dandruff, greasy scalp and obvious itching. Most of them occur in young people with exuberant sebaceous glands. Patients generally have fine hair, and some of them are accompanied by symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Hair loss gradually starts from the top of the head, spreads to the forehead, and then spreads to the whole head. The scalp is greasy, bright red and has a yellow scab.
Seborrheic alopecia is a permanent alopecia. Some men begin to lose their hair after development, and then their hair is greasy and shiny, and dandruff slowly increases, often with a strange itching feeling, and sometimes their hair is dry and dull. As long as you grasp it with your hand, your hair will fall off, especially in the frontal lobes on both sides.
I. Clinical manifestations of seborrheic alopecia:
Seborrheic alopecia is more common in men, and there are more mental workers than manual workers. Clinical seborrheic alopecia may be related to endocrine function (mainly androgen), mental state, heredity and some drugs.
Related factors.
Seborrheic alopecia mainly occurs in young men, but the number of female patients has increased in recent years. The clinical manifestation is that the patient's scalp fat overflows excessively, resulting in greasy and moist scalp and mixed dust and dander. If you don't wash your hair for a few days, your hair will be dirty and smelly, especially when the temperature is high. Sometimes accompanied by scalp itching inflammation, mainly due to seborrheic dermatitis caused by scalp dampness and bacterial infection. Hair loss usually starts from the middle of the two frontal angles, the forehead and the top of the head, and then spreads all over the top of the head, but not much hair falls off around the head. In severe cases, the hair loss area becomes shiny and shiny, and the rest of the hair becomes soft and yellow. Patients generally begin to lose their hair continuously in their twenties, and in severe cases, they will lose their hair in their thirties and forties, which will seriously affect their appearance. The development of hair loss is becoming more and more serious. At first, I saw a lot of hair falling on pillow towels and combs every day. Later, as long as you pull it gently, you can pull a lot. When washing your hair, your face is covered with hair loss, and the water outlet of the bathroom is covered with a thick layer of hair loss, which makes people feel very distressed and scared.
Second, the classification of seborrheic alopecia:
Seborrheic alopecia is divided into acute seborrheic alopecia and chronic seborrheic alopecia.
(1) Acute seborrheic alopecia
Symptoms include: oily scalp, itching, dandruff or papules, hair falling off in a short time or even all of it, and small papules on the scalp, which mostly occur in adolescence, especially in men, and are easy to recur after treatment.
(2) Chronic seborrheic alopecia
Symptoms are: the scalp is greasy and shiny, oily, with a lot of gray bran-like dandruff, dry hair, lack of luster and severe itching. Men's hair slowly falls off from both sides of the forehead and the top of the head, and baldness is formed after several years or more, but it is not easy to form total baldness. The disease mostly occurs in young men and women, especially men, while women's hair is sparse and dry, and the hair is slowly scattered, exposing the scalp.
Third, the causes of seborrheic alopecia:
What causes seborrheic alopecia? The essential cause of seborrheic alopecia has not been clearly determined in medicine so far. At present, western medicine tends to think that hair loss is related to the high level of androgen in human body, while Chinese medicine thinks it is related to the deficiency of renal blood in human body. Some people have done experiments to prove that when the concentration of testosterone and other male hormones in human serum reaches more than 30 μ g/L, it will inhibit the growth of hair follicle cells, and the higher the concentration, the stronger the inhibition. On the other hand, many studies show that the serum androgen concentration of patients with seborrheic alopecia is not significantly higher than that of normal people. Long-term research and observation believe that the most direct and key cause of seborrheic alopecia is excessive sebum secretion, and some components in the skin, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and squalene, will have toxic effects on hair follicles when excessive, leading to fur poisoning, withering and shedding. Experiments show that applying oil containing these ingredients to animal fur will cause a lot of fur to fall off. One of the evidences that seborrheic alopecia is directly related to excessive sebum secretion is that sebum secretion in human body is related to temperature, and the higher the temperature, the more sebum secretion. Therefore, seborrheic alopecia is particularly serious in summer and autumn, and the symptoms will be lighter in winter and spring, which will be experienced by ordinary patients. This can not be explained by the level of serum androgen in the body. Generally speaking, the level of androgen in the body is stable and has little to do with temperature.
Therefore, it is not confirmed that excessive androgen is the root cause of hair loss. In addition, Chinese medicine believes that hair loss is caused by kidney deficiency and blood deficiency, liver depression and qi stagnation, and yin deficiency and internal heat. However, this view lacks a clear classification and detailed pathological analysis of various types of alopecia. It should be noted that the causes of all kinds of alopecia are different, and it is difficult to attribute them all to kidney deficiency, especially seborrheic alopecia.
Now the medical community generally believes that seborrheic alopecia is related to the following three factors:
(1) androgen
Modern medicine has confirmed that most patients with seborrheic alopecia have more androgens in their bodies. This is mainly because androgen secreted by testis enters the blood circulation and reaches the scalp to form hair follicles, which are toxic substances, and the energy metabolism and protein metabolism of hair follicles are damaged, leading to hair loss.
(2) Genetic factors
The genetic genes of seborrheic alopecia are dominant in men, and the pathogenic factors can be directly passed on from the previous generation to the next generation, so male seborrheic alopecia patients are more common.
As long as men have one hair loss gene, it will cause hair loss, while women will not have hair loss, because the hair loss gene is recessive unless there are two hair loss genes at the same time. Even if there are two hair loss genes, generally speaking, for women, it will only become sparse hair, not big hair loss or only marginal hair and bald hair in the middle.
(3) Age With the increase of male age, the incidence of lipodystrophy gradually increased. Hair loss mostly occurs in young men aged 17-20, and the peak incidence is around 30 years old. Later, with the increase of age, although the incidence rate decreased, the symptoms worsened and eventually baldness occurred.
Fourth, how is seborrheic alopecia formed?
People who are engaged in intense and complicated mental work have great mental stress and their brains consume a lot of energy. * * * The autonomic nerves and hormones of the human body adjust adaptively, maintain the normal physiological balance of body temperature, metabolism and immune function, secrete more androgens, and enhance people's analytical ability and judgment, and be alert and wise. At the same time, people's temperament has become more impatient and sebaceous glands are exuberant. Compared with other parts, the sebaceous glands on the scalp are the most developed, and in this case, they secrete more, thus providing conditions for the reproduction of lipophilic fungi and cephalomites on the scalp. Lipophilic fungi on the scalp proliferate on the premise that sebaceous glands secrete a lot. The affected lipophilic fungi get nutrients from hair follicles and excrete metabolites there, and chronic inflammation-seborrheic dermatitis appears in hair follicles and scalp.
If seborrheic dermatitis is not treated in time, the bacteria in the hair roots will grow and reproduce to produce lysozyme, which will make the hair roots dissolve into incompleteness, loosen the hair roots, gradually shrink the hair follicles, gradually reduce the hair growth function, and gradually reduce the hair until baldness.
Cephalosporidium is a tiny parasite that is invisible to the naked eye. Hair experts have found that lipophilic tiny animal Cephalosporid is also the culprit of hair loss, just like gene or hormone imbalance. It is parasitic in human hair follicles and feeds on sebum. After eating, in order to help digestion, a lipase will be secreted, which will further decompose and erode sebaceous glands in the scalp, block hair follicles, make hair follicles shrink due to lack of nutrition, and cause hair loss or baldness.
Five, the harm of seborrheic alopecia
Hair is the first element of human beauty. Wearing a bald head at a young age is really the biggest harm to appearance and a great blow to self-confidence, and it will also affect career choice, marriage and even the future. Although there is no physical pain, the mental pressure and pain are unbearable. Nowadays, the social competition is fierce, and hair loss is a very distressing thing for men, especially for young men, whose ideological distress has aggravated their illness.
Seborrheic alopecia is called "cancer" in alopecia, and its treatment is a worldwide problem. An important reason for this situation is that there is no most direct and effective treatment drug at present. At present, western medicine advocates using antiandrogen drugs to treat alopecia, but the effect is not ideal. Moreover, the dosage of this kind of antiandrogen drugs is ineffective if it is less, and it will cause feminine symptoms in men if it is more, such as * * * expansion, * * * decline, physical weakness, voice change, beard growth inhibition and so on. This is unacceptable. Chinese medicine generally uses dozens of drugs for tonifying kidney and cooling blood, such as Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Mulberry, Ligustrum lucidum, Eclipta prostrata, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Semen Cuscutae, Ginger, Cortex Dictamni Radicis and Kochiae Fructus. , and there are 100 formulas. In order to find a cure, some people look for different remedies and secret recipes to try, and some even try dozens of prescriptions, but few are effective. Even unscrupulous merchants seize the psychological weakness of hair loss and introduce exaggerated and irresponsible so-called specific drugs to deceive consumers.
Treatment of seborrheic alopecia.
The treatment of seborrheic alopecia should first pay attention to the health care of hair. Diet should be light, high-calorie or * * * food (such as fried food, pepper, tobacco, wine, coffee and beef with foreign protein, etc. ) should be avoided. Daily routine should be regular and psychological stress should be reduced. Topical medicine is used to remove oil, dandruff, diminish inflammation and relieve itching, and shampoo containing dandruff components (ketoconazole, selenium sulfide or tar) is used to wash hair. If the inheritance of constitution is related to androgen level, you should consult your doctor to see if it is suitable for anti-androgen treatment.
Traditional oral drugs include vitamin B6 and cystine, and the latest one is Propafenone (finasteride 1mg), which is effective in treating hereditary seborrheic alopecia. You can also apply minoxidil solution to the scalp, which can reduce hair loss and promote hair regeneration.
In addition, patients with alopecia should maintain physical and mental comfort, learn to care for their hair scientifically, choose appropriate conditioner and hair cream, blow dry and comb their hair in the right way, adhere to self-discipline, adjust their diet structure, and supplement with appropriate diet therapy.