How to help nursing clients establish healthy behaviors and lifestyles?

Find your local volunteer association or civil affairs department. Due to the extensive development of volunteer activities, many social enthusiasts hope to become volunteers and join volunteer activities. But many people think it is very easy to become a volunteer, so they don't do their homework in advance, just like looking for relevant information before buying a football lottery! Did not do enough "homework"! What are the consequences? Can be big or small! More or less, it will not have a certain negative impact on related voluntary organizations! Of course, it may not work at all! One of the "lessons" is to know yourself, or self-awareness. Self-cognition: refers to one's own view of oneself, and one's understanding of one's image and psychological state by observing one's own behavior, including the verification and evaluation of one's motives and intentions. In order to better meet the needs of voluntary service, a person should have a clear understanding of himself, and understand his physique, desires, motives, intentions, thoughts, feelings, intelligence and personality characteristics. However, I need to be reminded that I am more easily influenced and restricted by my own cognitive framework. As the saying goes, "the bystanders are clear, but the authorities are confused." Therefore, when necessary, you should ask more friends around you and get to know yourself more comprehensively. First, the cognitive participation psychology of self-participation in voluntary service is an important reason why social people demand to be volunteers, and it is also the ideological pillar to maintain volunteers' participation in institutional voluntary activities, so volunteers themselves must have a full understanding of this. To sum up, there are several kinds of participation psychology in voluntary work: 1, helping people in need and responding to social needs; 2. Participate in improving social problems: 3. Do your civic duty and repay the society; I hope to give full play to my strengths: 5. Feel the value of your existence: 6. Learn new skills; 7. Make good use of your spare time; 8. Broaden the social circle: 9. Gain others' recognition and group status: 10, rich experience, self-growth: 1 1, cultivate organizational and leadership skills: 12, seek new stimulation, broaden life experience: 13, and prepare for future work; 14. Feel that volunteering is meaningful: 15. Keep up with the trend. 16. Out of curiosity about volunteer service, I have the above motivation to participate in volunteer activities. Of course, these are only obtained by researchers through certain research. Their statistical sources are in Hong Kong, so their motives may be somewhat different from those of local volunteers. However, it doesn't matter, just like. Researchers have studied why ordinary people participate in voluntary activities, and at the same time, they have conducted some research on why people do not participate in voluntary activities, and obtained the following results: 1, there is no spare time to participate; 2, self-centered, not interested in other people and things; 3. Not interested in unpaid work; 4. I think it is of little significance to be a volunteer; 5, do not know how to participate in voluntary labor; 6, right. 8. Think that volunteer work is a pastime: 9. Have no confidence to cope with work and service skills: 10. The type and nature of volunteer service is not suitable for you to choose: 1 1. Think that volunteers are cheap laborers of others, and their status is ignored: 12. Afraid that too much work will affect study, homework or family life: 65438. It will make volunteers behave differently and participate in volunteer activities! 1, helping people in need and responding to social needs; They like to participate in service activities to help customers, but are not interested in other activities, such as exchange activities, training activities and publicity activities. Most of these volunteers like to work in silence. 2. Participate in improving social problems: there may be many views on social problems, and it is easy to feel frustrated when participating in activities; 3. Do your civic duty and repay the society; Perhaps the requirements for volunteer work are not high. 4. I hope to give full play to my strengths: generally speaking, I am required to participate in services that can give full play to my strengths, and I am generally not interested in the corresponding services; 5. Feel the value of your own existence: require services or activities to reflect your own value; 6. learn new skills; Especially interested in training activities, hoping to learn new skills; 7. Make good use of your spare time; Pay more attention to the use of time, especially dislike some time-wasting phenomena such as being late; 8. Broaden the social circle: as long as you have the opportunity to meet new faces, you are interested in activities, sometimes your attention is not on service, and you may turn to volunteers or others; Will take the initiative to keep in touch with people after the activity; 9. Get others' recognition and group status: I hope to have the opportunity to show myself, show my ability and win the role of leader; 10, rich experience and self-growth: paying more attention to reflecting the fun of activities, easily missing people or things, and hard to let go of failure; 1 1. Cultivate organizational and leadership skills: I have a strong interest in institutional management activities and training courses; 12, seeking new excitement and broadening life experience: they will actively participate in difficult activities, but often ignore some important issues; 13 to prepare for future work; May pay attention to the establishment of personnel relations conducive to their work; 14. I feel that voluntary work is meaningful: I value the meaning of work more and may not be willing to participate in some meaningless work; 15, follow the trend, blindly follow, see friends or others do volunteer service, and join in the fun by yourself; 16, out of curiosity about voluntary service, I hope to have a chance to see what the clients are, such as children with mental retardation. Or I think the content of this service is more innovative, and I hope there is an institution to experience it. The above are the factors that need to be considered when participating or not participating in the service as volunteers. If you can find out your real motivation and make a decision after careful consideration, this is a wise and meaningful action. Furthermore, it can also help to designate volunteers, help volunteers to understand their expectations and needs before participating in the service, and avoid disappointment. As a volunteer organization, we must fully understand the many motivations and possible performances of participating in volunteer activities; We should pay more attention to the selection of volunteers, otherwise it will bring unstable factors to the organization and affect its own development. Values guide individual behavior. Everyone has his own values, and these varied values or returns stem from everyone's different subjective judgments on values. Similarly, the correct values inherent in each volunteer member guide them to do many things that are meaningful to society and others. Volunteers' participation motivation is actually the embodiment of their values! Some people think there are too many problems in society, so he chooses to try to solve them by volunteering. Some people think that there are too many people in need of help in society! So he chose to help the people he thought he wanted to help by participating in voluntary service activities! Sometimes, however, different values and motivations in voluntary organizations need to be standardized, otherwise, the volunteers in the group will have different opinions, which will affect the operation and unity of the group! What can we do? The training course is one of them, and it is also a better one! Training is one of the ways to adjust volunteers' motivation. I hope some volunteers with bad motivation can change their motivation and cooperate with the operation of the whole group! Therefore, as a volunteer group, volunteer managers should organize a basic (introductory) training to adapt to their own group after new members join the club! If there is no such training group, I think new members should consider the operation of this group and stay! It is meaningful to emphasize the purpose of volunteer organizations. An organized volunteer team must have certain values to reflect their usual goals, achievements, opinions and behaviors. When a team does not have their consistent values, it will become difficult to lead; The work is difficult to carry out because of differences of opinion. Therefore, the volunteer user will have to spend more energy to manage the team if she or he wants to carefully adjust the harmonious values among volunteers and the chaotic value orientation of the whole team. Therefore, voluntary users or voluntary organizations have the responsibility to create and promote these values in services. The second "homework" is-what is the ability to know your own ability and professional knowledge level? It refers to the individual psychological characteristics that are necessary to successfully complete an activity and directly affect the service efficiency. Any ability is bound to be closely related to some activities completed by people. The ability mentioned here refers to the ability that can be used for voluntary service, including observation, perception, thinking, imagination, memory, willpower and so on. However, impatience, quasi-quietness, calmness and activeness are not the most direct and basic psychological characteristics to complete an activity. In voluntary service, the organic combination and coordination of several abilities become the synthesis of a series of abilities, which is also commonly known as "talent", and the combination of different abilities forms different talents. People who want to participate in voluntary service should make a correct and comprehensive summary of their abilities. At the same time, pay attention to the problems of general ability and special ability, dominant ability and non-dominant ability. General ability, also known as basic ability, is regular, stable and universal, namely general ability. General ability is the foundation of special ability. The more general ability develops, the more special ability can be improved. In the process of developing special ability, general ability has also been developed and improved, and the two are complementary. Special ability reflects the psychological characteristics (conditions) needed to successfully complete special activities, which can also be called professional ability or "specialty". Special ability is an organic combination of various basic abilities required for specific activities. In voluntary service, the requirements for special abilities are higher and wider. In voluntary service, we also need the advantages and abilities of volunteers. Advantage ability is the ability to play a leading role in personal work practice, which can make individuals have outstanding performance and extraordinary achievements. Professional knowledge is special and distinctive knowledge possessed by volunteers, which often constitutes the main source of service together with the basic abilities of volunteers. It can play a great role in voluntary service, and also contribute to the service development and comprehensive quality improvement of voluntary agencies. Professional knowledge can bring tangible benefits to clients, and it is also an important symbol for volunteers to reflect their own values in institutional activities, so volunteers themselves should also pay attention to it. Professional knowledge, ability and specialty will play an important role in volunteer work! These may not be realized by volunteers who join the club, but after a period of activities, they can be reflected. Volunteer managers of voluntary organizations should actively explore volunteers with certain professional expertise and skills, give full play to their human resources, and should not waste resources! Of course, quite a few volunteers don't care much about their own specialties or professional skills, and they are willing to participate in activities that don't require too many skills. For these volunteers, the volunteer managers of voluntary organizations should give some guidance according to the situation of their own groups, if there are some adverse effects, so as to adapt them to the needs of group development. The third "homework"-cognition of self-character Many people think that volunteer service activities should have no strict requirements on the personality of volunteers, and think that "as long as he has the heart. Why do you ask so many questions? " However, they do ignore the important influence of personality on voluntary service. For example, the service target is a blind child who needs volunteers to talk to him more, but the volunteers are quite introverted and don't say a word when serving. As a result, the clients have needs, but the volunteers can't meet them because of their own personality. Such voluntary service must be a failure. It can be seen that the personality of volunteers is very important for service activities. Therefore, before participating in the service, volunteers should have a specific and accurate understanding of their own personality, and then participate in the service projects that suit them according to their actual situation, or improve them through the counseling of voluntary agencies, so as to be more competent in volunteer service. Because personality is related to the interaction between volunteers and other volunteers, the clients and managers of volunteer organizations, and it can also be related to the organization or its operation. Therefore, for those who want to participate in youth volunteer service, personality must be fully and correctly recognized. If their personality is more suitable for volunteer service, they can easily integrate into the service, and their relationship with customers and other volunteers will be better. On the contrary, it will be more difficult to integrate into services. The relationship with customers and other volunteers will also be poor, which is not conducive to their existence in the organization. Therefore, such people have to make great changes and adapt to the needs of voluntary service, so that they can say that it is better to participate in voluntary service and avoid many unpleasant things. As volunteers, we should evaluate the personality of ourselves, others and clients from the following four aspects, so as to facilitate the smooth development of volunteer activities. 1. Attitude towards reality: including attitude towards people, things, society and oneself. Such as: whether you care about the collective, whether you are compassionate, whether you are honest or hypocritical, whether you are hardworking and lazy, whether you are modest and conceited, whether you can get along with others, whether you are confident or have an inferiority complex, etc. Second, the will characteristics of personality: including the degree of clarity of behavior goals, the level of conscious control of behavior, the will to face difficulties, and whether the self-made decisions can be carried out to the end. , such as purpose or impulsiveness, independence or suggestibility, discipline and indulgence, initiative and self-control, courage and cowardice, perseverance, toughness, stubbornness and so on. Third, the emotional characteristics of personality: including emotional intensity, stability, persistence and dominant emotions. Such as the infectivity of emotions to others, the degree of emotional ups and downs, the long-term impact of emotions on the body, work and life, whether a person is always energetic, happy, or often unhappy, or often in a quiet and happy state of mind. Fourth, the rational characteristics of personality: including the characteristics of perception, memory, thinking, imagination and other cognitive processes. Such as the persistence and meticulous degree of observation; Do you like to think independently or follow the rules? Do you have bold imagination and how to remember? As a person who wants to be a volunteer, after having a comprehensive understanding of his personality, he can choose the appropriate service, not forcibly participate in some inappropriate services to avoid problems, or he can control his personality or make appropriate changes in the service process to meet the needs of services. Voluntary agencies should also pay attention to timely guidance, which is conducive to the smooth development of the work. Personality conflicts between volunteer managers and ordinary volunteers in voluntary organizations, between ordinary volunteers, between volunteers and service objects, between service object managers and volunteers, and even between people and volunteers in the external society, so personality plays a considerable role in the existence of volunteers in the voluntary sector! The fourth "homework"-awareness of their own health Volunteers must be in a normal state of health when serving, in order to successfully complete volunteer service. What is health? For a long time, people think that health means "no disease" only based on biomedical models, but little is known about psychological or mental health. However, since people are individuals who constitute society, people's activities cannot be divorced from society. Besides physical activities, there are also psychological activities. Therefore, it is put forward that "health is not only the absence of disease in the body, but also a good mental state and social activity ability". The World Health Organization once defined health as follows: "Health is not only a physical disability, but a complete physical, psychological state and social adaptability. Specifically, health includes the normal development of body, organs and other physiological aspects, as well as the normal development of cognitive, emotional, will and personality characteristics and social adaptation and other psychological aspects. The unity of physical health and mental health is complete health. " Health includes physical health, mental health and social health. Because the social roles and identities of volunteers are different, and because their sociological health standards are different, what we mainly talk about here is physical and mental health. (1) Physical health should be proper weight, uniform figure, and coordinated head, shoulders and buttocks when standing; Bright eyes, sharp reaction, no inflammation of eyelids; Glossy hair, clean teeth, no tooth decay, no disease; The gum color is normal without bleeding symptoms, and the muscle and skin are elastic; No disease was found in all organs. (2) Mental Health ① The mental health standards of normal young people are as follows: normal intelligence. Intelligence is one of the most important standards to measure mental health, and it is the basic psychological condition for normal life, study and work. It is the psychological guarantee for people to achieve psychological balance with their surroundings. Psychologists generally use IQ to indicate the level of intellectual development. Generally speaking, the normal IQ is 90~ 1 10. ② Have an independent and complete personality. People with mental health are open-minded, open-minded, consistent in words and deeds, faithful in appearance, loving life and good at life. On the one hand, they can adjust their behavior and overcome all kinds of difficulties. On the other hand, they can also overcome their negative emotions such as fatigue, depression and depression, endure the blow and maintain their integrity, and achieve psychological balance. ③ Respect yourself and others. To respect yourself means to have self-esteem, self-knowledge and good self-awareness. Young people who lack self-esteem are depressed and decadent. Young people should also respect others, pay attention to civility and politeness, know yourself and yourself, be modest and prudent, look at others' strengths, know their own weaknesses, learn from each other and improve together. Respecting others is not blind obedience, but normal psychological adaptation. ④ Good interpersonal relationship. Living in society, people must associate with all kinds of people, form different relationships, and correctly handle these relationships to maintain harmony. ⑤ Have psychological characteristics adapted to age. Different age stages have their own age characteristics. A person's behavior, words and deeds conform to his age characteristics, which is a healthy performance. On the contrary, it is unhealthy for a person to deviate from his age characteristics seriously. 6. Have a lofty goal. Have ideals, confidence, perseverance, establish a correct world outlook, establish aspirations, gain a firm foothold, be diligent and eager to learn, and constantly strive for self-improvement. ⑦ The mood is basically stable. If you think calmly and handle things carefully, you will not be arrogant, complacent, conceited and get carried away in prosperity. In adversity, I don't feel sorry for myself, sentimental, depressed, negative and pessimistic, and always keep a relative balance in my mind. Of course, the health needed in volunteer service activities includes physical health and mental health, but it is not all of the above. The main reason is that physical health can undertake different kinds of volunteer activities, such as outdoor activities, which requires volunteers to at least be able to withstand the exposure of outdoor sunlight and not to get sunstroke or faint and quit service activities. As for psychological requirements, besides ⑤ and ⑤, there should be several standards. For those who want to participate in voluntary service, they should compare their own situation and consider whether they can participate in voluntary service activities. Psychologically, there are some basic requirements for volunteers! What are these requirements? 1, can control their feelings, because in the face of the situation of the parties, many volunteers may be moved by the scene, or they may fall into a psychological "black hole" after hearing the unfortunate experience of the parties. 2. Facing the pressure and opinions from all sides, volunteers must have a persistent psychology! Eliminate all kinds of bad psychology! For example, volunteering is so stupid! Volunteers are free labor! . . . . . The psychological adjustment of volunteer managers of voluntary organizations to the following volunteers is also one of their work contents. Why? Because the bad psychology of volunteers has a considerable impact on their enthusiasm for participation! For example, in the course of a large-scale activity, many problems appeared. Although the activity can be completed, it has some negative effects on the participating volunteers. They may feel that the original activities are so poor, or they may doubt the ability and level of the top volunteer managers. At this time, managers should hold relevant meetings in time to explain some problems of volunteers and deal with those responsible for the problems. On the one hand, they can solve the psychological problems of volunteers. On the other hand, the eighth "homework"-knowing the service object is the object of voluntary service activities, so it is quite necessary to have a clear understanding of the service object before joining the ranks of volunteers, which can stimulate volunteers to establish the service purpose and enhance their sense of responsibility; Secondly, it is conducive to the development of voluntary service, the communication between volunteers and clients, the cooperation between clients and the improvement of service effect; Third, reduce the wrong psychology and boredom of volunteers because they don't know the clients. Understand the overall characteristics of customers. At present, the service targets of voluntary work include: the physically disabled, the mentally disabled, the elderly living alone, the elderly in nursing homes, the "five guarantees" elderly, the problem teenagers, the normal teenagers, the children from poor families, the seriously ill children, the children who are out of school, the mentally retarded children, the chronically ill patients, the hospitalized patients, the mentally ill patients and the patients with psychological problems. Each type of customer has its own characteristics, and the ways to understand them in behavior, speech, thinking and psychology can be as follows: 1, and consult relevant institutions. Generally speaking, an organization gives a certain reply to the general situation of its customers, but it may only be a general description, and the introduction may not be in-depth. 2. Consult volunteers or people who have participated in relevant volunteer work before. They can mention some important characteristics of customers, especially the most impressive situation when they participate in customers, which will help them to participate in services in the future. 3. Learn from relevant community departments. For example, if you want to know about the disabled, you can consult the Disabled Persons' Federation in the community, and if you want to know about the elderly with difficulties, you can consult the civil affairs department in the community. Second, new volunteers should also be aware of the changes in the roles of volunteers and clients: 1. Changes of volunteer service in different periods. With the increase of contact and communication between volunteers and customers, the role of customers will also change. In this process, the role of volunteers will also change accordingly. In the initial stage of service, customers may resist volunteering and become resisters. At this time volunteers will act as persuaders. Then, after accepting voluntary service, the client can show many bad habits and behaviors, and then he becomes an educated person. Volunteers, as educators, educate the client to change his original bad habits and improve his quality of life. This role change puts forward higher service requirements for volunteers, requiring volunteers to have better service skills and professional knowledge, so it is necessary to let the public know before becoming volunteers. 2. It changes according to the customer's psychology in different periods. Because the parties will encounter different things in life, they will have different psychological reactions and show different roles. Volunteers should understand this and make corresponding role evolution under different psychological conditions. For example, when the client is depressed, the client is a loser. Volunteers should act as motivators, use corresponding words and actions to motivate the client to cheer up, bravely face difficulties or failures, and actively solve current problems. The psychology of clients plays an important role in voluntary service, so certain requirements are put forward for those who participate in voluntary service. Only people with this quality requirement can do well and make achievements. The classification of service relationship between volunteers and clients is of great significance for volunteers to carry out activities in the future! 1. Active-passive volunteer service relationship means that the volunteers are completely active and the clients are completely passive, just like parents and babies are the prototypes of life. When the parties lose the expression and initiative of their opinions, such as the relationship between volunteers and the seriously injured such as stroke and paraplegia. Its characteristics and main points are: what to do for the clients. Volunteer service under this relationship is mostly one-way, and the technical content of volunteers' service content may be low, and volunteers are prone to boredom, so we should pay more attention to it. In addition, in the process of service, we should pay more attention to the reaction of the family members of the clients and strive for their support. 2. Guidance-cooperative volunteer service relationship volunteers are active, and the clients also have certain initiative, just like parents, children and teenagers with prototype life. The opinions provided by volunteers are authoritative and respected by customers, but customers can ask questions and seek explanations. Although they have some understanding and initiative, they are not mature enough and need the guidance of volunteers. For example, the relationship between volunteers and customers with acute diseases is characterized by telling customers what to do. The voluntary service under this relationship is semi-bidirectional, and more attention should be paid to the requirements of the clients in the service process to make the service better. 3. Mutual participation in volunteer service relationship Volunteers and clients have roughly the same degree of initiative, and * * * participate in the decision-making and implementation of volunteer service. The relationship between adults is like the prototype of life. Young volunteers and clients have the decision-making power and initiative. Most clients know their actual situation, so they can discuss the contents and methods of voluntary service with volunteers, especially the changes and adjustments of their living habits, lifestyles and interpersonal relationships, and improve their adaptive behavior. For example, the relationship between volunteers and customers with chronic diseases is characterized by helping customers treat themselves. The requirements of voluntary service under this relationship are higher than the first two. Therefore, we should pay attention to the ability and level of volunteers to ensure the smooth development of services. The above three service relationships are all centered on the role of the customer. Volunteers adopt appropriate volunteer service interpersonal relationships, and provide corresponding volunteer services in terms of what to do for the parties, telling them what to do, and helping them to deal with their own problems.