In the early days of reform and opening up, in order to set a benchmark for economic development, we chose some cities and regions with good conditions in coastal areas as "bridgeheads" for development, and opened up special areas to give preferential policies and care, so that these areas could get rich first. However, the essence of socialism is common prosperity. Therefore, after some areas get rich, they should let the first get rich and then get rich, and finally get rich together. Especially under the guidance of the goal of "two hundred years", it is of special significance to grasp the "bull nose" of accurate poverty alleviation.
First, this is conducive to the centralized use of support policies and the maximum play of the "chopsticks effect." Judging from the distribution characteristics of the poor population, there are contiguous and scattered. Therefore, in the process of poverty alleviation, we should pay attention to the application of relevant policies, implement policies to specific poor people and everyone, and prevent the "attention" of policies from being dispersed. This requires paying more attention to precision in policy formulation, using innovative policies to eliminate poverty and resolve the possible risk of "returning to poverty". The purpose of centralized use of support policies is to give full play to the advantages of different policies, gather together to keep warm, realize complementary advantages and promote accurate poverty alleviation.
Second, it is conducive to optimizing the allocation of poverty alleviation resources and improving the actual effect of poverty alleviation work. Under the new normal of economic development, poverty alleviation can no longer be "egalitarianism", but should improve the actual effect of poverty alleviation. Therefore, we must work hard on precision and allocate resources to the places where they are most needed. Poverty alleviation must be precise, that is, we should focus on which resources are allocated in which positions, match the best resources to those who need them most, and complete the problems that need to be solved most, so as to promote development and achieve common prosperity.
Third, it is conducive to the implementation of the "* * *" concept among the five development concepts. Building a well-off society in an all-round way is a well-off society for all people. In order to achieve this goal, we must have successful development experience. This requires leading the advanced experience of developed areas to underdeveloped areas and creating a development model suitable for local conditions. Among them, the most urgent thing is to pass on the development ideas and methods of developed areas to the people in underdeveloped areas and teach people to fish.
To get rid of poverty, we must grasp the "bovine nose" of precision. We need to implement the national policies and measures on precise poverty alleviation, take industry as the breakthrough, take talents as the pioneer, help the poor first, and constantly enhance the "hematopoietic function" of poverty-stricken areas. Only in this way can we uproot, take off the hat of poverty and promote the economic and social prosperity of poverty-stricken areas.
Getting rid of poverty in rural areas is one of the most arduous tasks in building a well-off society in an all-round way. The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" proposal clearly puts forward that precise poverty alleviation and precise poverty alleviation should be implemented, and policies should be implemented according to people and places to improve the effectiveness of poverty alleviation. At the same time, the goal is clear: by 2020, under China's current standards, the rural poor will be lifted out of poverty, and all poverty-stricken counties will take off their hats to solve regional overall poverty. Therefore, the following suggestions are put forward:
First, grasp three links. In accordance with the principles of openness, transparency, graded responsibility and accurate identification, poor villages and poor people are accurately identified through scientific and effective procedures, and files are set up for each village. Precision assistance is the key. According to the requirements of "one village, one plan and one department" and "one household, one policy and one responsible person", the responsible person is determined, the assistance scheme is formulated and the assistance measures are implemented, so that "one household, one account, one poverty alleviation plan and one set of assistance measures" can be achieved. Precise management is the guarantee. Establish information files of poor villages and poor households, strengthen accurate poverty alleviation monitoring, track the assistance of poor villages and poor households, and ensure effective assistance.
Second, do a good job in three aspects. At the government level, it is necessary to strengthen the leadership responsibility system for poverty alleviation and development, implement the management system of central planning, overall responsibility of provinces and implementation of cities (prefectures) and counties, and focus on the working mechanism of working in villages and helping the poor to households and the responsibility system for poverty alleviation and development in which party and government leaders take overall responsibility. At the market level, it is necessary to integrate development into poverty alleviation, integrate ambition into poverty alleviation, stimulate the endogenous motivation of poverty-stricken areas, make poverty alleviation work move from "blood transfusion poverty alleviation" to "hematopoietic poverty alleviation", and cut off the intergenerational transmission of poverty. At the social level, it is necessary to mobilize and unite all social forces to participate in poverty alleviation extensively, better combine "helping" with "promoting", form a new pattern of multi-dimensional linkage of social poverty alleviation, and enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of social forces' participation in poverty alleviation.
Third, adhere to the six-level linkage. Central planning, giving play to the complementary role of policy finance and commercial finance, integrating various poverty alleviation resources and opening up new funding channels for poverty alleviation and development; Provincial overall responsibility, do a good job in goal setting, planning, policy introduction, project release, capital investment, organization and mobilization, inspection and guidance. Prefecture-level cities should assume the main responsibility of poverty alleviation and development in this city and the responsibility of pairing assistance, strengthen overall planning, focus on tackling key problems, and supervise implementation; The county level should do a good job in implementation, scheduling, project landing, capital use, manpower deployment and implementation; At the township level, it is necessary to implement the policy of "guaranteeing the village to the household" and establish a helping mechanism for supporting households, projects and poverty alleviation, so that every poor household has a responsible person to help; At the village level, it is necessary to find out the base, set up a file and set up a card, identify the "poor roots", build a good branch and village Committee team, and be a "leading goose" to lead the masses out of poverty and become rich.
Fourth, implement five major projects. Promote basic poverty alleviation projects, scientifically plan and build infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy, electricity and communication in poverty-stricken areas, build backbone networks, improve regional development conditions and improve terminal construction. Promote industrial poverty alleviation projects, formulate poverty alleviation action plans such as increasing the income of characteristic industries and developing rural tourism, and actively cultivate characteristic pillar industries in poverty-stricken areas. Promote the poverty alleviation project in new villages, take the construction of poverty alleviation new villages as the carrier, and accelerate the renovation of dangerous houses. We will promote the ability-based poverty alleviation project, comprehensively improve the quality of the poor population through basic education and ability training, enhance the ability of employment and entrepreneurship, consolidate the foundation of poverty alleviation, and block the intergenerational transmission chain of poverty. Promote ecological poverty alleviation projects, formulate implementation plans for ecological environmental protection, carry out in-depth ecological projects such as natural forest protection, returning farmland to forests, water resources protection and biodiversity protection, and vigorously develop ecological agriculture, eco-tourism and green industries.
Fifth, highlight three key points. The first is to highlight the development of characteristic industries. Based on resource endowment and industrial base, we should adhere to green development, characteristic development, agglomeration development and innovation development, select a number of industries with distinctive product characteristics and good market prospects to give key cultivation and support according to local conditions, take the development-oriented poverty alleviation path supported by industries, focus on developing characteristic modern agriculture, increase the proportion of the secondary industry and accelerate the development of the tertiary industry. The second is to highlight the improvement of infrastructure. Adhere to full coverage and extend to the grassroots, expand the coverage of infrastructure in poverty-stricken areas, and solve problems such as access, water supply, power supply and network communication according to local conditions. For those who occupy collective land by developing hydropower and mineral resources in poor areas, we will try to compensate the original residents by means of collective equity, and explore the implementation of asset income support system for the poor. The third is to promote the equalization of basic public services. It is necessary to promote the balanced development of compulsory education and ensure that children from poor families receive education equally. In accordance with the requirements of basic, full coverage and equalization, efforts will be made to promote the construction of the social security system, implement the national insurance plan, and basically achieve full coverage of statutory personnel. It is necessary to explore the implementation of the asset income support system for the poor and establish and improve the care service system for left-behind children, women and the elderly in rural areas. It is necessary to build a public health service system covering urban and rural areas, promote urban and rural residents to enjoy equal basic public health services, and promote the construction of a healthy China.