Mental health counseling refers to the process of establishing a harmonious relationship with counseling function between psychological counselors and visitors, helping visitors to correctly understand themselves, accept themselves, and then appreciate themselves, and overcome obstacles in their growth, change bad consciousness and tendencies, give full play to their personal potential, and move towards self-reality. As a psychological counselor, it is an unshirkable responsibility and obligation to establish and improve the mental health care system and maintain the other party's positive mental state.
I. Purpose
1, give emotional support to the coachee.
2. Stimulate the confidence and courage of the coachee to get rid of life difficulties.
3. Let the coachee know himself more comprehensively and accurately.
4. Let the coachee learn self-management and establish good living habits.
5. Correct students' misconceptions and improve their analysis level of practical problems.
6. Get a positive emotional experience.
Second, the content
1, listen to the coachee patiently and give corresponding comfort and encouragement.
2. Conduct necessary psychological tests.
3. Tutoring the theoretical study of the coachee.
4. Supervise the students' daily life.
5. Conduct on-site drills to improve the life skills and emotional experience level of the coachee.
6. Help the coachee to solve the puzzles in life in time.
Third, classification
Psychological counseling mode is an operational concept that embodies a certain psychological counseling concept and goal orientation and promotes its psychological counseling function. The establishment of the basic model of psychological counseling is an important theoretical issue in the development of school psychological counseling in China. The classification of psychological counseling mode will be different because of different theories, different technologies and different clients.
According to the techniques and theories adopted in psychological counseling, it can be divided into: individual-centered counseling mode, psychoanalytic therapy mode, cognitive behavioral therapy mode, interactive analysis therapy mode and so on.
1. According to disciplines, there are: medical (physiological) model, educational model and psychological model;
2. According to the different clients and targets, it can also be divided into: barrier psychological counseling mode, adaptive psychological counseling mode and developmental psychological counseling mode.
(1). The mode of psychological counseling for obstacles is aimed at the counseling objects who have psychological obstacles, suffer from certain psychological diseases and have affected their normal life and study. Its purpose is to overcome obstacles, relieve symptoms and restore psychological balance through systematic psychological counseling, so the psychological counseling model of obstacles has the function of correction;
(2) Adaptive psychological counseling mode is a psychological service including normal individuals, and its purpose is to relieve psychological distress, reduce psychological pressure and improve adaptability through psychological counseling. Therefore, adaptive psychological counseling mode has preventive function;
(3) Developmental psychological counseling mode is aimed at all developing individuals, according to the general laws and characteristics of individual physical and mental development, helping individuals of different ages to complete their own psychological development topics as comprehensively as possible, properly solving psychological contradictions, better understanding themselves and society, developing their own potential, and promoting personality development and personality perfection.
Fourth, school psychological counseling.
School psychological counseling refers to an educational activity in which educators use the theories and techniques of psychology, pedagogy, sociology, behavioral science and even psychiatry to help students know themselves, accept themselves and adjust themselves through collective counseling, individual counseling, psychological counseling in education and teaching, so as to fully develop their potential and promote the harmonious development of their mental health and personality. School psychological counseling should include the following aspects:
Study Guide
Learning guidance can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Learning guidance in a broad sense refers to the guidance of various problems (such as cognitive skills, knowledge barriers, motivation, emotions, etc.). ) occurs in the process of learners' learning. In a narrow sense, learning counseling refers to counseling students' psychological troubles and behavioral obstacles when they experience learning setbacks and difficulties. In the sense of cultivating students' good psychological quality, learning counseling in a broad sense is more active, which is in line with the spirit of school psychological counseling focusing on development goals. It is worth noting that the study guidance here is different from that of parents today. Tutor? Help children? Fill the vacancy? Or? Pressurize? Are two completely different concepts. It is also different from teachers tutoring students after class, but the latter is a small part of learning counseling. Learning guidance is mainly to train and guide students' learning skills, learning motivation, learning emotions and learning habits.
Personality counseling
Personality here refers to personality and the psychological quality of individuals, people and things. Focus on cultivating students' self-awareness, emotional self-regulation, will quality, interpersonal communication and group cooperation ability, so as to cultivate students' good personality psychology and social adaptability.
Life consultation
Mainly through leisure counseling, consumption counseling, daily life skills counseling and other ways to cultivate students' healthy interest in life, optimistic attitude and good life skills. This has a potential impact on students' future happiness and enrichment, and also has a strong transfer effect on their personality development, talent growth and learning efficiency improvement.
Career counseling
Going to school and choosing a job is an inevitable process of life development and a major event related to a person's future. Vocational guidance is an educational activity to prepare students for their future life. The purpose is to help students set up their career aspirations, make career choices and preparations on the basis of understanding their own abilities, specialties, interests and social employment conditions, and lay a good foundation for entering the society smoothly in the future.
In students' actual study life, what are some? Non-intellectual factors? , affecting and restricting students' learning. 199 1 was written by Peter, a psychologist at Yale University in the United States. Sarah and Joan from the University of New Hampshire? Meyer inherits? Non-intellectual factors? Based on the concept of EQ, the term EQ is put forward.
What is this? Emotional intelligence refers to good moral sentiment, optimistic and humorous personality, courage to face and overcome difficulties, self-motivated, perseverance, sympathy and care for the goodwill of others, being able to get along well with others and grasp their own and others' feelings. In short, EQ is people's emotions and social skills, everything except intelligence, which is used to express people's understanding of their own emotions, proper management of emotions, self-motivation, cognition of others' emotions and handling of interpersonal relationships. From a psychological point of view, it refers to motivation, interest, emotion, will, personality and so on. Students' self-confidence, self-esteem, competition, curiosity, enthusiasm for learning, achievement motivation, persistence, independence, self-control and courage to overcome difficulties are all manifestations of emotional intelligence and belong to the dynamic system.
Psychological research in recent years shows that cultivating students' EQ is helpful to improve teaching quality, and the contradiction of non-intelligence factors is more prominent than that of intelligence factors. In other words, positive EQ can promote the development of students' intelligence factors and the cultivation of their abilities. Therefore, in the implementation of quality education today, the cultivation of emotional intelligence is becoming more and more important. In addition, mental health also belongs to the category of emotional intelligence. A healthy psychology generally has the following criteria: willingness to study and work; Appropriate emotions; Willing to associate; Accept yourself and others; Sound personality and normal behavior.
Learning psychological counseling is an important topic of school psychological counseling, and its main target is students with poor academic performance due to psychological problems. Research and facts show that a large number of psychological problems of primary and secondary school students are related to their learning psychology. This paper intends to put forward some concrete measures to actively carry out psychological counseling on the reasons why emotional intelligence (non-intellectual factors) causes poor academic performance of students.
Cultivation of learning motivation of students with poor academic performance. Motivation refers to the internal process of arousing individual activities, maintaining aroused activities and guiding such activities towards a certain goal.
Strictly speaking, motivation cannot be cultivated like interest, emotion, will and character. Generally speaking, cultivating motivation does not refer to cultivating motivation itself, but refers to stimulating, transforming and strengthening motivation through certain ways or measures.
Low learning motivation is a common problem for students with poor academic performance. They have many obstacles in learning attitude, motivation, will and self-awareness, and the lack of learning motivation inhibits their ability. How to mobilize this kind of students' learning enthusiasm, help them establish a positive self-concept and stimulate their learning motivation is a key. The methods to stimulate learning motivation mainly include external motivation and internal motivation:
(1), external motivation. First of all, appropriate use of rewards and punishments. Rewards should be consistent with the actual efforts of students with poor academic performance, so that they feel worthy of accepting such rewards. Pay attention to spiritual rewards, supplemented by material rewards, because for students with poor academic performance, the biggest reward is to get praise and affirmation from others, especially the encouragement and smile of teachers. Punishment includes imposing painful or disgusting stimuli and canceling favorite stimuli (such as canceling entertainment). However, if the punishment is improper, it will not correct the students' wrong behavior, but will strengthen this behavior and make students feel antagonistic.
Secondly, create a cooperative classroom learning environment. At present, one of the disadvantages in teaching is that competition is overemphasized and cooperation is neglected. Because the winners in the classroom competition are only a small part, and most students are losers in the competition, it is easier to induce students with poor academic performance to feel inferior and give up on themselves. Therefore, we should create a cooperative classroom learning environment to stimulate the learning motivation of students with poor academic performance. For example, improve the grading method, adopt encouraging evaluation, dilute the competitive atmosphere, advocate mutual assistance and cooperation with similar hierarchical operation methods, emphasize mutual assistance and cooperation between teachers and students, and effectively mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and participation of students with academic disabilities.
(2) Intrinsic motivation. Measures to stimulate internal motivation mainly include:
1), effective attribution training. It is helpful to analyze the subjective and objective reasons for the failure of students with poor academic performance.
2) Help students with poor academic performance to change their roles.
3) Create opportunities for their success.
4) Enhance their self-confidence and ability. Stimulation can generate learning motivation, stimulate repeatedly, create various conditions, and strengthen students' learning motivation. In addition, cultivating students' psychological quality can be transformed into learning motivation. Stimulation, transformation and reinforcement are carried out alternately and influence each other, which will strengthen and consolidate students' learning motivation and keep it for a long time and always play a role.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) realization channel
1, outpatient consultation
Just sit in the psychological counseling room and wait for visitors to come to the door for consultation, and concentrate on a fixed time in a week.
If there are imitators outside the consultation time, they will also consult.
2. Letter consultation
That is, psychological counseling in the form of correspondence. The operation is simple and easy to use, which is very suitable for people who are worried about their psychological obstacles and are timid. This kind of consultation can be carried out at any time and answered in time.
3. Telephone consultation
Announce the office telephone number and communicate with the counseling object by telephone.
4. column consultation
Column counseling is to answer the typical psychological counseling of the group through radio, newspapers and other forms in combination with reality. This can fully mobilize the counseling object to complete. It can be broadcast at any time according to the actual situation.
5, group psychology lectures
Conduct face-to-face centralized guidance and consultation on the common problems existing in the group. Carry out group counseling projects in combination with the actual situation of group objects.
6. Online psychological counseling
It refers to the use of various psychological theories and methods with the network as the medium. The process of helping clients solve psychological problems in an appropriate way: At present, online consulting services mainly include instant chat software (QQ, ICQ) and e-mail (e? E-mail), bulletin board system (BBS), individual or group conversation, etc.
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