Compared with the "after-the-fact treatment" of clinical medicine, it seems that the achievements of preventive medicine are not obvious, because their job is to ensure that "nothing happens".
After the epidemic, preventive medicine has become a major that candidates and parents pay more attention to. In this issue, we will talk about the content of preventive medicine, employment prospects, and how much impact this epidemic has brought to the development of public health and preventive medicine.
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Professional profile
Preventive medicine takes the population as the research object, applies the theories of basic medicine and clinical medicine and the theories and methods of preventive medicine, and studies the relationship between environmental factors, host factors and pathogenic factors and human diseases and health from the perspective of groups. It is a medical science to prevent diseases, control the development of diseases and promote health.
This major requires students to systematically master the basic theories and skills of basic medicine, clinical medicine and preventive medicine, be able to flexibly use what they have learned to analyze and solve practical problems in the fields of preventive medicine and public health, have the ability of health supervision and management, scientific research, information and data processing, and have the ability to deal with public health emergencies, so as to become applied and compound preventive medicine talents.
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University recommendation
There are 106 colleges and universities offering preventive medicine in China, mainly medical colleges and universities of science and engineering. Among them, Nanjing Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Peking University, Harbin Medical University and Fudan University ranked in the first echelon (Class A) among the universities offering preventive medicine in the fourth round of discipline evaluation results of the Degree and Postgraduate Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education.
Recommended institutions: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Peking University, Fudan University, Nanjing Medical University, Sun Yat-sen University, Harbin Medical University, Southeast University, Shandong University, Sichuan University, Peking Union Medical College, China Medical University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Capital Medical University, Suzhou University, Anhui Medical University, Southern Medical University, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou University and Wuhan University.
Nanjing medical university
Nanjing Medical University, as the earliest key university to train medical professionals in China, has started public health education since the establishment of 1934, which is one of the birthplaces of public health education in modern China. China Institute of Preventive Medicine was established, the earliest set of public health science propaganda scripts "Drinking Water Hygiene and Others" was compiled, the first college health textbook "General Hygiene" and the first subject-specific dictionary "Hygiene Dictionary" were edited, and one of the earliest health education publications in China was edited, which promoted the development of public health in China in the early stage.
1940 set up a public health teaching and research section, and began to recruit undergraduate students majoring in public health from 1953, and began the professional education of public health and preventive medicine. In the fourth round of the overall level evaluation of national first-class disciplines by the Ministry of Education, the discipline of "Public Health and Preventive Medicine" of Nanjing Medical University ranked A+.
In recent five years, the one-time employment rate of undergraduates is over 99.5%, the rate of going abroad for further study is over 37.4%, and the employment rate of graduate students is 100%. Employment units mainly include CDC, health supervision office, customs, universities, hospitals, research institutes, large state-owned enterprises, multinational pharmaceutical companies and other state institutions.
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Public Health is one of the six earliest health departments in China. Adhering to the motto of "Pursuing Excellence and Promoting Health", the College continuously strengthens its development advantages and features, actively serves "Healthy China", and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. College-level disciplines were not only selected for "double first-class" construction, but also awarded "A+" by the Ministry of Education. The first-class discipline of "Public Health and Preventive Medicine" in our hospital is the only one selected by the Ministry of Education and awarded "A+".
Over the past decades, nearly 10,000 talents trained by Huazhong University of Science and Technology have held leadership positions and business backbones in preventive medicine institutions, health administrative departments and universities at home and abroad, such as Hu Bingchang, an academician of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, a professor at Harvard University, an outstanding alumnus of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Xiang Huiyun, chairman of overseas alumni association of Tongji Medical College, a professor at Ohio State Medical College, and Zheng, a professor at Brown University.
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course
Main courses: pathological anatomy, physiology, psychiatry, infectious disease theory, labor hygiene, epidemiological practice, health microbiology, basic toxicology, health physical and chemical inspection.
Main courses: cell biology, human anatomy, histology and embryology, biochemistry, pathology, pathophysiology, human parasitology, medical microbiology, immunology, pharmacology, hygiene chemistry, toxicology, diagnostics, health statistics, epidemiology, epidemiology, occupational health and occupational medicine, environmental hygiene, nutrition and food hygiene, child and adolescent hygiene, health law, health economics and health undertakings.
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Main teaching links
Taking the teaching arrangement of five-year preventive medicine specialty in Nanjing Medical University as an example;
1. Public basic courses are studied for one year, and professional basic courses and professional courses are studied for two years; Clinical probation and internship for one year, and preventive medicine for one year.
2. The theory teaching adopts teacher's classroom teaching, student-oriented PBL, TBL, CBL, massive open online courses (large-scale open online courses), micro-courses, case discussions and other diversified teaching methods; Experimental teaching includes comprehensive experiment, design experiment, virtual simulation and other teaching methods. Some courses are taught in Chinese and English.
3. Students can obtain a bachelor's degree in medicine only after completing their studies, completing the required credits, passing the CET-4 and defending their graduation thesis, and the average grade point of core courses is not less than 2.0.
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Graduates should be able to
1, master the basic theoretical knowledge of preventive medicine and the basic ability of epidemic prevention work.
2, master the basic ability of the people's work, life, study, environment and food hygiene inspection and supervision.
3. Have the ability to analyze various factors affecting people's health and the epidemic law of diseases, and formulate measures and plans to prevent diseases and improve people's health.
4, familiar with national health guidelines, policies and regulations.
5, familiar with the basic theoretical knowledge of clinical medicine and the prevention and treatment technology of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases, familiar with health education.
6 master the basic methods of literature retrieval, data query, computer application and statistical analysis, and have certain scientific research and practical work ability.
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Career prospects
Like the medical laboratory technology specialty introduced before, the demand for undergraduate preventive medicine talents in China is in a state of balance between supply and demand. Preventive medicine has a wide range of employment fields, involving various related majors in medical and non-medical fields.
In the medical field, there are three main destinations: CDC, hospitals and community health service centers.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the most relevant work unit of this major, belonging to public institutions, mainly engaged in disease prevention and control, emergency treatment of public emergencies, detection and intervention of health hazard factors, health education and health promotion.
The infectious diseases department and respiratory department of the hospital recruit some students majoring in preventive medicine every year, but the threshold is high and graduate students have the opportunity to join the job. In addition, the administrative post of the hospital will also recruit some students majoring in defense science every year, such as personnel, performance, general affairs, equipment and so on.
Community health service centers (hospitals) have a great demand for professionals, and they should also participate in the recruitment of public institutions. Their work includes providing public health services and basic medical services for community residents, establishing residents' health files, and carrying out health education, prevention, health care, rehabilitation, family planning technical services and diagnosis and treatment services for common and frequently-occurring diseases.
Non-medical fields mainly refer to environmental protection and monitoring, customs inspection of epidemic situation, etc. Students can take the civil service examination and enter the customs health and quarantine departments at all levels to engage in passenger quarantine, vehicle quarantine, biological safety and other inspection work. In addition, local health and wellness committees, market supervision bureaus, health supervision institutes, environmental protection bureaus and other units also have posts related to preventive medicine.
Exams that preventive medicine can take.
Public health practitioner qualification examination
The nature of the public health qualification examination is the industry access examination, which is an examination to evaluate whether the applicants have the necessary professional knowledge and skills to engage in medical work. It is divided into two parts: practical skills examination and comprehensive medical written examination. Among them, the time for practical skills examination is generally June-July, and the time for comprehensive written examination of doctor qualification is generally 9- 10. The examination is divided into two levels and four categories, namely, practicing physician and practicing assistant physician, and each level is divided into four categories: clinical, traditional Chinese medicine, stomatology and public health.
Have one of the following conditions, you can participate in the qualification examination of medical practitioners:
1. Having a bachelor's degree or above in medical major in an institution of higher learning and having completed a one-year probation period in a medical, preventive and health care institution under the guidance of a medical practitioner;
2. After obtaining the practicing certificate of practicing assistant physician, he has a medical college degree in colleges and universities and has worked in medical, prevention and health care institutions for two years; Get a medical degree from a secondary specialized school and have worked in medical, preventive and health care institutions for five years.
3. Master students and doctoral students of public health preventive medicine must have more than one year's clinical practice training or public health practice experience during their study period before they can take the doctor qualification examination in the year of graduation.
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What did the senior say?
What courses do preventive medicine majors have to learn well?
Epidemiology, health statistics, occupational hygiene, environmental hygiene and child hygiene, because these are professional courses, the first two are the best. The application of public health is not a separate professional direction, but the cornerstone of all your other courses. People who have studied statistics see the world differently from those who have never studied statistics. No matter which direction you study public health in the future, having good people is very advantageous. (Zhihu)
Can public health and preventive medicine still be taken seriously after this epidemic?
In a short time, we will pay more attention to it. However, it is impossible for us to establish a public health system according to the standards for handling the COVID-19 epidemic, not for any country. Just as it is impossible for a country to maintain a standing army according to the standards of total war, even after the war, it is impossible for banks to arrange reserves according to the total amount of deposits, even if they encounter a run. I still hope this time is different. (Zhihu)
Although preventive medicine has the opportunity to participate in clinical medical work, from the professional content and employment direction, the future work is more inclined to management and scientific research. Therefore, it is more suitable for students who are interested in public health care and disease control and have strong management and analysis skills. The ratio of male to female in this major is 4:6. For female students, preventive medicine is a good choice, with less employment pressure and stability after finding a job.