The contents of clinical examination include observing the rest, exercise, feeding and drinking of pigs.
1. Individual examination of sick pigs
Generally, it is necessary to understand the growth and development status, feeding management, onset time and post-illness performance of sick pigs first, and then carry out systematic individual examination on sick pigs purposefully.
(1) mental state
When pigs are poisoned by salt, they are excited or inhibited, shaking or spinning all over, sometimes falling to the ground and paddling their limbs. When suffering from tetanus, the ears are erect, the tail is tilted, the limbs are stiff and the teeth are clenched.
(2) Nutritional status
Swine wasting is more common in nutritional diseases and chronic diseases (anemia, diarrhea and parasitic diseases, etc.). ).
(3) Appearance symptoms
Conjunctiva is pale, mostly symptoms of anemia and parasitic diseases; Conjunctival flushing, congestion or purplish red are symptoms of heatstroke, pneumonia and thermal infectious diseases; At the onset of classical swine fever, conjunctiva is flushed and purulent secretions are often found. Shortened or skewed pig nose, seen in porcine infectious atrophic rhinitis. Pale skin is anemia; Red skin with red spots may cause infectious diseases. The spots of erysipelas are often in the form of rashes, and the finger pressure subsides; The skin bleeding point of classical swine fever does not fade with finger pressing. Skin cyanosis (blue-purple) is more common in nose, ear tip, abdomen and inside limbs, and can occur in swine fever, pig lung disease, poisoning and so on. Rough skin, hypertrophy, desquamation and itching are the symptoms of scabies.
(4) The normal body temperature of pigs is 38 ~ 40℃ for piglets and 38 ~ 39.5℃ for adult pigs. When the body temperature is lower than the normal body temperature, it is hypothermia, which is common in massive bleeding and dying. If the body temperature is higher than the normal range, it is a fever. An increase of 65438 0℃ over normal temperature is called slight heat, an increase of 2℃ is called moderate heat, and an increase of more than 3℃ is called high heat. The results of temperature measurement in the morning and afternoon can be recorded on coordinate paper. According to the curve, the heat type of sick pigs can be judged.
① The temperature difference of heat leakage is within 65438 0℃, and the duration of high heat is more than 3 days. It is found in some acute infectious diseases.
② Intermittent heat is called intermittent heat, which appears alternately in high temperature period and non-heating period. It exists in some chronic diseases.
(3) When the daily temperature difference exceeds 65438 0℃ and does not drop to normal temperature, it is called relaxation heat. Seen in bronchopneumonia. You can check the skin temperature at the root of the ear and inside the hind limbs. During febrile diseases, the skin temperature increases, while the skin temperature decreases due to anemia in the prophase, massive blood loss, high conscience and before death.
(5) Breathing times
Check the number of breaths, usually to see the fluctuation of the pig's chest or the movement of abdominal muscles, or put the back of your hand in front of the pig's nostrils to check the number of exhaled airflow. The respiratory frequency of healthy pigs is 10 ~ 20 times per minute. When breathing, the ups and downs of the chest and abdomen are equal. When breathing, the chest activity is obvious, which is called chest breathing; When the abdominal activity is obvious, it is called abdominal breathing, which is a pathological manifestation. When food accumulation, peritoneal effusion and peritonitis occur, it is generally manifested as chest breathing; When pleurisy, pleural effusion and emphysema occur, they usually show abdominal breathing.
2. Group inspection
(1) Observation at rest When pigs rest quietly and keep in a natural state, observe the changes of standing and sleeping posture, breathing, body surface state, secretion and excrement of animals. Healthy and disease-free pigs often lie on their sides, with their limbs spread out and their heads on the ground. When they lie down, their hind legs bend under their stomachs, breathing evenly and deeply, their fur is neat and shiny, and they are sensitive. When someone approaches, they will stare warily. Sick pigs are listless, listless, tired and groaning, isolated or shivering, short of breath or wheezing, rough and dull coat, sunken eye sockets, secretions in the corners of the eyes, dry nose mirror, swollen neck, sticky feces in the tail and anus, etc.
(2) Observe the natural activities of pigs during exercise, drive them away, and observe their mental state, standing posture, action posture and excretion. Healthy and disease-free pigs stand up agile, move flexibly, walk steadily, wag their heads and tail, and look forward to it; Stool and urine can be discharged when standing or moving, and the posture is normal. Sick pigs are depressed, unwilling to stand up, unstable, slow-moving, stumbling, hunchbacked and limping; Cough, runny nose, dyspnea, sunken eyes and hoarseness; Some sick pigs are extremely excited; Dry stool or diarrhea, yellow and short urine.
(3) Observation of Drinking Water Intake When pigs naturally ingest drinking water, observe whether they eat or drink less, eat or drink less abnormally, have difficulty swallowing, vomit, salivate and leave the trough prematurely. Healthy and disease-free pigs bark when they are hungry, grab food quickly when they are fed, swallow hard and have obvious rhythm. Sick pigs are too lazy to go to the trough, can't eat any food, retreat from the trough after eating a few bites or can't smell the food, drink water and don't eat, or even lose appetite.
The above is the routine diagnosis of pig disease, and there are many shortcomings. Please forgive me and hope to help everyone!