1. Determine the purchase plan
The project department prepares the procurement plan according to the project contract, design documents, project management implementation plan and relevant procurement management system. The procurement plan includes the scope, content and management requirements of procurement; Procurement information, including the quantity, technical standards and quality requirements of products or services; Inspection methods and standards; Requirements for supplier qualification examination; Procurement control objectives and measures.
2. Market research and reasonable selection
First, review and check whether all kinds of production and operation procedures of material production and business units are complete; The second is to inspect the production scale, integrity concept, sales performance and after-sales service of the enterprise on the spot; Third, focus on whether the enterprise's quality control system has the product quality certification of the country and industry, and the position of material quality in similar products; Fourth, learn from peers in the construction industry to obtain more accurate, detailed and comprehensive information; Fifth, organize a comprehensive technical and commercial evaluation of the procurement quotation, and formulate the criteria for selection, evaluation and re-evaluation.
3. Material price control
Control the purchase price of materials. Enterprises should know the market price of materials through market research or consulting institutions, and on the premise of ensuring quality, shop around and choose a lower material purchase price. Control freight when purchasing materials. Transportation should be organized reasonably, and transportation costs should be considered when comparing the purchase prices of materials. In the case of the same price of materials, buy materials nearby and choose the most economical mode of transportation to reduce transportation costs. To reasonably determine the purchase batch and batch, we should also consider the time value of funds and determine the economic batch.
4. Materials under inspection
When building materials are accepted and put into storage, they must obtain the relevant quality qualification and production license certificate stipulated by the state from suppliers. The equipment and materials used in the project shall pass the inspection and meet the requirements of the design and the corresponding current standards. The material inspection unit must have the corresponding inspection conditions and capabilities, and can undertake the inspection only after passing the examination by the quality and technical supervision department at or above the provincial level or its authorized department. The purchased products shall meet the requirements of occupational health and safety and environmental management during inspection, transportation, transfer and storage, so as to avoid the impact on occupational health and safety and the environment.
Second, the site material management
1. Material storage management
Building materials should be stored in a special material warehouse that meets the requirements according to the different properties of materials, and should be moisture-proof, rain-proof, explosion-proof and corrosion-proof; There are many materials used in a construction site, and the same material has many specifications. For example, there are dozens of varieties of steel with diameters ranging from a few millimeters to dozens of millimeters; There are different grades and varieties of cement, and there are many kinds of water and electricity fittings, so all kinds of materials should be clearly marked and stored in categories.
2. Material distribution management
Establish a quota acquisition system, and implement the principle of "first-in, first-out, weeding out the old and storing the new" for the distribution of materials, whether it is the warehouse of the project management department, the branch company or the project department. The material consumption of the project department should be combined with the sub-project accounting, and the quota acquisition system should be strictly implemented. Before construction, the project construction personnel must sign the Quota Material Requisition and fill it in according to the column requirements. Valuable and bulk items can be distributed in several times according to the usage, with the requisition form. For the easily damaged items, the material engineer shall conduct detailed inspection and delivery when distributing them, and both parties shall sign for approval.
3. Construction organization and management
This is the implementation stage of site material management and management objectives, and the main contents are as follows: (1) Site material layout planning, making good preparations for facilities such as sites, warehouses and roads. (2) Fulfill the supply contract, ensure the construction needs, reasonably arrange the materials to enter the site, and conduct acceptance on the site materials. (3) Grasp the change of construction progress and adjust the supply plan of supporting materials in time. (4) Strengthen on-site material storage, reduce loss and waste, and prevent material loss. (5) In the final stage of construction, organize the surplus materials to be returned to the warehouse, and do a good job in recycling waste materials.
Third, the material cost management
Clear the content of project cost control in the construction process, and carry out targeted cost control. In engineering projects, the contents of cost control generally include system control, quota control, main material control and material claim control.
1. System control
Establish the fashion of "calculating before using, rewarding the province and abolishing the punishment", establish a quota acquisition system including "golden ideas" and a reward system for recycling surplus materials, as well as an incentive system for rationalizing construction and saving the use fee; Strengthen the budget, planning and acceptance system of on-site engineering materials, and have a special purchasing and receiving system for bulk materials such as commercial concrete, steel, cement, sand and gravel, dry mortar and concrete blocks to ensure qualified quality and accurate quantity; Establish a management system for commonly used gadgets and waste materials. Escalators, railings, lamp stands, distribution boxes and other commonly used materials should be kept by special personnel, and recyclable materials such as waste steel and waste wires should be collected and treated.
2. Material restriction control
The cost of engineering materials for construction projects generally accounts for about 60% of the total project cost. Obviously, material cost is the focus of cost control. Material control mainly depends on improving the procurement, transportation, receiving and dispatching, storage and other links of materials, reducing the loss of each link and saving the procurement cost; Adopt lean management principle, reasonably pile up site materials and reduce secondary handling; Do a good job in the collection and management of materials and put an end to the waste of materials. Adhere to determine the material consumption according to the quota, and implement the quota acquisition system. Construction personnel can only use materials in batches within the prescribed limits. For the materials that exceed the quota, it is necessary to analyze the reasons and take corrective measures in time; Improve construction technology, popularize the use of various new technologies, new processes and new materials, and reduce material consumption; Strengthen site management, reasonably stack, reduce handling and storage loss.
3. Main material control
1) Strengthen the quality control of commercial concrete. At present, there are two situations that the quantity of commercial concrete is insufficient: first, the quantity provided by commercial concrete manufacturers is insufficient; The second is the waste caused by the poor control of the floor thickness by the construction team. In view of the first case, it is suggested that the settlement quantity of commercial concrete should be settled according to the drawings when signing the contract to avoid the quantity out of control; In the second case, it is suggested that the floor slab concrete thickness control elevation should be reduced by 5 ~ 10 mm before construction, because the normal settlement of the floor slab is about 5 ~10 mm.
2) Strengthen the control of steel consumption. At present, there is a surplus of steel bars. In order to cope with the acceptance of steel bars, the steel workers only know how to put more steel bars, but don't know the specifications, which leads to over-standard placement. This is because the settlement of the team is based on tonnage, and putting more steel bars is beneficial to the team. In view of the phenomenon that the amount of steel bars exceeds the standard seriously, the project department should strengthen management, require the steel bar workers to construct strictly according to the specifications, check according to the specifications and drawings, punish those who release more, and make rational use of various technical properties of steel bars. For example, wire can be cold-drawn in the factory to increase the length and strength, and the cast-in-place slab is made of cold-rolled twisted steel bars, so as to strengthen the processing management and make reasonable ingredients. The feeding length can be determined according to the material list to reduce the loss of steel bars. The builder shall review the sample sheet or the builder's sample sheet, and make the reinforcement strictly according to the sample sheet. Steel bar joints φ 14 or more steel bars are welded joints to prevent cold joints.
3) Template control. The site should strengthen the control of the number and specifications of templates, rather than relying on the team, and the team can enter as much as they want. Configure the template according to the schedule and apartment type, determine the template specifications according to the structural modulus, and review the template samples. Considering recycling, old templates can be shaped and reused. Clean the formwork in time and remove oil deeply after formwork removal, master the skills of formwork installation and formwork removal, and control the loss of formwork removal. Where it is difficult to remove small and complicated templates, replace them with old templates as much as possible.
4. Claim control
Construction claim is due to the owner or other reasons, which causes the construction unit to pay extra expenses or cause losses during the construction process. The construction unit requires the owner to repay the costs and losses in the construction through legal channels and procedures.
Common material claims include: claims that the construction is temporarily interrupted and the work efficiency is reduced due to the reasons of the owner and engineers, which leads to the increase of labor costs, material costs and equipment costs; The owner and engineer issued an acceleration instruction, requiring the contractor to invest more resources and work overtime to complete the construction project, which led to an increase in project cost; Claims caused by the owner's material quality problems or untimely material supply. Construction enterprises must enhance their claim awareness, strengthen their claim management, and do a good job in collecting, sorting out and preserving claim data.
Four. Concluding remarks
From reality, the key to improve the efficiency of resource and energy utilization lies in management. Only by vigorously promoting the conservation and comprehensive recycling of resources and energy in the whole construction process, strictly implementing the requirements of building energy saving, land saving, water saving and material saving, optimizing the construction scheme, adopting the development and popularization of new technologies, new processes and new standards, scientific and technological progress, reasonably stacking materials on the construction site, avoiding and reducing secondary handling, strictly implementing the system of material acceptance and acquisition, reducing the loss of each link, saving procurement costs and rationally using materials, can we improve the engineering quality and reduce materials.