(Chapter 5 "Discharge of Waste in Human Body")
Last name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ category
I. Fill in the blanks (33 spaces)
1,,, excreted in the body is called; Feces are formed by the residues of food digestion, and the process of excreting them out of the body is called.
2, the urinary system is composed of organs such as,,,, and the organ that forms urine is.
3. Each kidney includes about 10 structural and functional units, which is called "it is composed of,
And composition.
4. The formation process of urine includes and.
5. Compared with plasma, raw urine has no components. The raw urine formed by human body every day is about 0, and the urine is about 0.
6. Urination not only plays an important role in human body, but also plays an important role in regulation and maintenance.
7. To make crops grow well, it is necessary to fertilize them properly. Farmhouse manure has many advantages, such as,,, etc.
8, formed in the process of high-temperature composting, can kill and.
Second, multiple-choice questions (***6 questions)
1. Urine formed by nephron is excreted in turn:
① Bladder ② Ureter ③ Kidney ④ Urethra
A.③①②④b .②③④①c .①②③④d .④③②①
2. Which of the following statements about high-temperature composting () is wrong?
A. it can produce biogas to provide energy. B it can decompose organic matter in human manure, livestock manure and straw.
C. It can form high temperature to kill various germs and eggs. D. High temperature composting is an important way to produce farmyard manure.
3, the organs of the urinary system, where urine is formed is
A, kidney b, ureter c, bladder d, urethra
4. Healthy people form about 150 liters of urine every day, but only 1.5 liters of urine is discharged every day. The physiological reason is that
A. particles have filtering function; B, renal tubules have reabsorption function.
C The bladder can temporarily store urine D, and the ureter can transport urine.
5. The fluid flowing in the glomerulus is:
A, digestive juice b, blood c, urine d, urine
6. Glomerulus is a blood vessel ball formed by bending and coiling dozens of capillaries, among which:
A, the input blood vessels are arterioles and the output blood vessels are venules.
B, the afferent vessels are venules, and the efferent vessels are arterioles.
The input and output vessels are arterioles.
D, the input and output vessels are venules.
Three. Mapping problem (*** 12 blank)
1. The following figure is a schematic diagram of nephron structure. Please fill in the names of the parts shown in the drawing.
① Yes; 2 yes; 3 yes;
4 yes; ⑤ Yes; 6. yes.
2. The following figure is a schematic diagram of urine formation process:
(1) The liquid in figure ① means that compared with plasma, it has no substance, while urine, on the contrary, has no substance and its concentration increases.
(2) The physiological function that is happening at ② in the figure is that this process is completed in the middle.
Answer:
Fill in the blanks
1, carbon dioxide, urea, excess water; exclude
2. Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra and kidney.
3, 1 million, nephron, glomerulus, renal capsule, renal tubule
4. filtration of glomeruli and renal capsule and reabsorption of renal tubules.
5. protein, Macromolecule. 150 liter, 1.5 liter.
6, discharge the body waste, water and inorganic salt content, maintain the normal physiological function of the tissue.
7. Timely and appropriate. Wide source, low cost, complete nutrients, long-lasting fertilizer effect and soil improvement.
8, high temperature, germs, eggs
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Unit 1 Biology and Biosphere
Chapter 1 Understanding Biology
The biosphere is composed of creatures on the surface of the earth and the environment in which they live.
Living things need nutrition: living things need nutrition from the outside to survive.
Living things can breathe: most living things need to inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
Biology can eliminate the waste produced in the body.
Bioenergy can respond to external stimuli: bioenergy can respond to various stimuli from the environment.
Organisms can grow and reproduce.
Except for viruses, all living things are made up of cells.
Chapter II The biosphere is the home of all living things.
Life cannot exist inside the earth's crust.
The earth is a place where living things live, but in fact its surface is only a thin layer.
The biosphere includes the bottom of the atmosphere, most of the hydrosphere and the surface of the lithosphere.
The atmosphere is made up of many gases.
The hydrosphere includes all the oceans, rivers and lakes on the earth.
The lithosphere is a solid part of the earth's surface.
Living things need nutrients, sunlight, air and water, as well as suitable temperature and living space.
Environmental factors affecting biological life can be divided into two categories: abiotic factors and biological factors.
When one or several factors in the environment change dramatically, it will affect the life of living things and even lead to their death.
Biological factors refer to other organisms that affect the life of a certain organism.
In the natural environment, various factors affect organisms, and organisms constantly adapt to the environment in their survival and development, and at the same time influence and change the environment.
All living things have morphological structures and lifestyles that adapt to the surrounding environment.
In a certain area, the unified whole formed by biology and environment is called ecosystem.
In an ecosystem, there are often many food chains, which are intertwined to form a food web.
Matter and energy in the ecosystem flow along the food chain and food web, and toxic substances can accumulate in the food chain.
The ecosystem has certain adjustment ability.
Book 27
The ecosystem in the biosphere includes forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, marine ecosystem, fresh water ecosystem, wetland ecosystem, farmland ecosystem and urban ecosystem.
Forest ecosystem is distributed in humid areas, and there are many kinds of animals.
Grassland ecosystem is distributed in arid areas, and there are relatively few species of animals and plants.
Marine ecosystem is composed of marine and marine life, and there are many kinds of animals and plants.
The fresh water system consists of fresh water areas such as rivers, lakes or ponds and fresh water organisms.
Wetland ecosystem is formed under the condition of excessive moisture and humidity, and there are many kinds of animals and plants.
Farmland ecosystem is an artificial ecosystem with relatively few animals and plants.
In the urban ecosystem, human beings play an important leading role, and there are relatively few plant species.
The biosphere is a unified whole, the largest ecosystem on the earth and the home of all living things.
Unit 2 Organisms and Cells
The first chapter is to observe the cell structure.
The object seen from the eyepiece is an inverted image. The product of the magnification of eyepiece and objective lens is the magnification of microscope.
Slice-made of thin slices cut from organisms.
Smear-made of liquid biomaterial smear.
Loading-made of a small amount of material torn or removed from organisms.
The outermost layer is a transparent thin wall called cell wall. Play a role in protecting and supporting cells.
A thin layer of membrane, called cell membrane, which is close to the inside of the cell wall, protects the objects inside and controls the entry and exit of objects.
There is an approximately spherical nucleus in plant cells.
The structure inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus is called cytoplasm.
Cytoplasmic vacuole In the green part of the plant, there are chloroplasts in the cells.
The various structures of plant cells have their own functions, and they coordinate with each other to complete the vitality of cells.
Human cells and animal cells have the same basic shape and structure.
All kinds of cells in human and animals have cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, although their shapes are different, their basic structures are the same.
Chapter II Cell Life
Water and sugar are important substances in cells.
Substances in cells can be divided into two categories: one is relatively small molecules, which generally contain no carbon, such as salts, inorganic salts, oxygen and so on. , called inorganic matter; One is larger molecules, which generally contain carbon, such as sugars, lipids, protein and nucleic acids, which are all organic substances.
Cell membranes control the entry and exit of substances.
Chlorophyll and mitochondria are both energy converters in cells.
Genetic information is in the nucleus.
The carrier of genetic information is an organic substance called DNA, which is spiral.
DNA molecules are very long. It can be divided into many fragments, and each fragment has specific genetic information. These fragments are called genes.
Chromosomes consist of DNA and protein.
The constant number of chromosomes is very important for the normal life, reproduction and succession of organisms.
There are chromosomes in the nucleus, DNA in the chromosomes and genetic information in the DNA.
When a cell divides, the cytoplasm is divided into two parts, and each part contains a nucleus. The chromosome morphology and quantity of the two cells are the same, and the acid-cold genetic material of the new cell and the original cell is the same.
Chapter III How Cells Form Organisms
The growth and development of animals and humans all start from a cell, which is a fertilized egg.
During the development process, these cells have different functions, and their morphology and structure have gradually changed. This process is called cell differentiation.
Cell differentiation produces different cell groups, and each cell group is formed by combining cells with similar morphology, structure and function. Such cell groups are called tissues.
The four basic tissues of human body are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue and connective tissue.
Epithelial tissue is composed of epithelial cells, which have protective and secretory functions.
Muscle tissue is mainly composed of muscle cells, which have contraction and relaxation functions.
Nerve tissue is mainly composed of nerve cells, which can generate and conduct excitement.
There are many kinds of connective tissue, and bone tissue and blood belong to connective tissue. Connective tissue has the functions of support, connection, protection and nutrition.
Different tissues are combined in a certain order to form organs.
Multiple organs with several or one physiological function can be combined together in a certain order to form a system.
There are eight systems in human body, namely, exercise system, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, urinary system, nervous system, endocrine system and reproductive system.
Green plants are composed of six organs: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds.
In the mature host, there are always some undifferentiated cells, which always maintain the ability of classification. This kind of tissue composed of cell groups is called meristem.
The main organizations of plants are protection organization, nutrition organization, transportation organization, nutrition organization and meristem.
There are some creatures in the biosphere, and their bodies have only one cell, which is called single-celled creatures.
Cell is the basic unit of organism structure and function. Viruses can't live independently. According to the difference of their parasitic cells, they can be divided into three categories: animal viruses that are specially parasitic in human and animal cells; Plant viruses that are specially parasitic in plant cells; Bacterial viruses, also known as bacteriophages, are parasitic in bacterial cells.
The cell structure is very simple, consisting of protein shell and internal genetic material, and there is no cell structure.
Viruses can only live in living cells.
Relying on the genetic information in its own genetic material and using the substances in cells, a new virus is created, which is its reproduction/
Unit 3 Green Plants in the Biosphere
Chapter 1 What green plants are there in the biosphere?
The known green plants in the biosphere can be divided into four categories: algae, mosses, ferns and seed plants.
Algae plants have no differentiation of roots, stems, leaves and other organs
There is no conducting tissue in the stems and leaves of bryophytes, and the plants are generally short.
There are conducting tissues in the roots and leaves of ferns.
Seaweed, moss and ferns are seedless.
Developed from seeds, such plants are collectively called seed plants.
The seed has a seed coat on the surface and an embryo inside. Embryo is actually a young life, including embryo, hypocotyl, radicle and cotyledon. Some still have endosperm. Seed coat is the protection of young embryos. Cotyledons or endosperm are rich in vegetative tissues.
The reason why seed plants are more adaptable to terrestrial environment and become the dominant group of terrestrial plants is that they can produce seeds.
Figure p85
The seeds of pine trees are bare, and its skin is unprotected outside. This plant is called a gymnosperm.
Seeds are wrapped in fruits, and such plants become angiosperms.
Fruit consists of peel and seeds.
Fruit can protect seeds from insect bites and other unfavorable factors of the external environment.
Angiosperms gymnosperms are more suitable for land life, and they are more widely distributed in the biosphere.
Chapter II Life of Angiosperms
Angiosperms go through the process of growth, development, reproduction, aging and death all their lives.
Appropriate temperature, certain moisture and sufficient air are all necessary conditions for seed germination.
When seeds germinate, they must first absorb water. Nutrients in cotyledons or endosperm are transported to radicle, embryo and hypocotyl. Subsequently, the radicle develops, breaks through the seed coat and forms roots. The hypocotyl elongates and the embryo develops into stems and leaves.
The fastest growing part of the root is the elongation zone.
Branches develop from buds. There is meristem in the bud. In the process of bud development, meristem cells divide and differentiate to form new branches, which are composed of tender stems, leaves and buds.
Water, inorganic salts and organic substances needed for plant growth.
Roots grow downward and absorb inorganic salts of water from the soil; The stems grow upward, the green leaves grow upward, and organic matter is produced through photosynthesis.
The main function of fertilizer is to provide inorganic salts for the growth of plants.
Plants need a variety of inorganic salts, among which inorganic salts containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most needed.
Angiosperms will bloom when they grow to a certain period, and flowers are developed from flower buds.
A flower consists of receptacle, sepals, petals, pistils and stamens. There are pollen in the stamens and ovules in the ovary at the lower part of the pistil.
Figure p 102
When the anther matures, it will divide itself and release pollen. The process of pollen falling from anther to pistil stigma is called pollination.
After the pollen falls on the stigma, it begins to germinate and grow pollen tubes under the stimulation of mucus on the stigma. The pollen tube passes through the style, enters the ovary and reaches the ovule. Sperm in pollen tube moves downward with the elongation of pollen tube and finally enters the ovule. There are embryonic cells in the ovule, which combine with the sperm in the pollen tube to form fertilized eggs.
Figure p 102
Ovary develops and bears fruit. The ovary wall develops into fruit, the ovule in the ovary develops into seed, and the fertilized egg in the ovule develops into embryo.
In 2005-2006, the second question of the seventh grade biology volume-Jiangsu Education Edition 2006-6- 15 9:25:46 is free.
1. Human blood is red because which of the following blood cells contains which substance ().
A. white blood cells, fibrinogen B. red blood cells, fibrinogen C. platelets, hemoglobin D. red blood cells, hemoglobin
2. Cells in the blood include ()
A. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets B. Red blood cells and plasma C. White blood cells and plasma D. Platelets and serum
In 2006, the second half of the seventh grade biology exam in Sichuan-People's Education Edition 2006-4-29/KLOC-0: 0: 44: 22 is free.
1. The place where the embryo develops in the mother is the founder of the theory of evolution.
2. A remarkable feature of adolescence is its sudden increase.
3. The main organ that the human body absorbs nutrition is that there are many rings on its inner surface and many rings on its surface.
In 2006, Guangdong Huilai Junior High School Unit 4, People in the Biosphere, Chapter 8, Teaching Plan and Courseware of Human Nutrition-Beijing Normal University [Original] [Collated] 2006-4-12/kloc-0: 25: 38 Free.
Unit 4 People in the Biosphere in Junior High School Chapter 8 The lesson plan courseware of human nutrition is practical and suitable for teachers in Beijing Normal University to prepare lessons.
Zhejiang Education Edition [Original] Life of Plants under Science in Grade 7 2006-4-510:1:42 Free.
Zhejiang Education Edition [Original] Chapter III Plant Life under Seventh Grade Science
Blood circulation picture 2006-3-25 13:46:28 free.
Introduce the way of blood circulation.
How do cells make up the human body? -Su Jiao Edition 2006-3-1411:22: 49 free.
This courseware is used in the second class of the fourth chapter of the first volume of the seventh grade. The introduction of the courseware is concise and to the point. Very practical!
In the 2005-2006 school year, the first monthly examination paper of seventh grade biology (Jiangsu Education Edition)-New lesson 2006-3-9/kloc-0: 59: 44 is free.
1, the male and female parts that produce germ cells are () respectively.
A, testis uterus B, penis vagina C, epididymal ovary D, testis ovary
2. The place where the embryo develops in the mother is ()
First, the ovary
People's Education Edition, 2005-2006, the first issue of biology test questions, 2006-3-3 8:44: 12, free of charge.
The first phase in 2005-2006
1. General organisms will not cause extinction of this species because of individual death, because the biological characteristics of biological tools are
A. Metabolism B. Reproduction C. Genetic variation D. Evolution
2. The following statement is true ()
A. grass doesn't need to breathe in life. B. Earthworms can make their own in life.
People's education edition 2005-2006 biology first semester final examination questions 2006-3-3 8:43:29 free.
At the end of the first semester in 2005-2006
1. The function of the aperture on the shutter is
A. adjust the focal length B. adjust the brightness C. adjust the light angle D. adjust the image definition
2. When rotating, the lens barrel can rise and fall quickly.
A. coarse focusing screw B. fine focusing screw C. converter D. reflector
3. Some students used a microscope to see the picture in the field of vision of low-power mirror.
In the 2004-2005 school year, the second volume of the second semester of the seventh grade biology final examination paper 2006-1-2410:14: 03 is free.
First, multiple-choice questions (2 points for each question, ***40 points)
1, the basic unit of kidney structure and function is ()
A, nephron B, glomerulus C, renal capsule D, renal tubule
2. People are drunk and walk unsteadily, which structure is paralyzed by alcohol ()
A, brain B, cerebellum C, brain stem D, spinal cord
3, which of the following is the most advanced reflection ()
A, hand retraction reflex B, blink reflex C, micturition reflex D, looking at plum to quench thirst
4, can produce eggs and secrete estrogen is ()
A, ovary B, uterus C, fallopian tube D, placenta
In 2006 1 Month, the biology final examination paper for grade 7 in Qingshen County, Sichuan Province was free at 2006-1-210: 38: 27.
: () 1. The following organisms have no cell structure:
A. Rat and bitch B. Peach tree C. Mushroom D. Avian influenza virus
() 2. Solving the following problems is not directly related to the development of biology:
A. Lack of resources B. Environmental pollution C. Food shortage D. Spacecraft going to heaven