Everyone wants mental health, but different people have different understandings of what mental health is, and scholars also have different views. In fact, the definition of mental health includes two different ways. One is to define from the opposite side, that is, to determine the standard of "unhealthy", thus indirectly defining mental health; The other is from the positive definition, that is, to determine the positive quality of mental health. We believe that to judge a person's mental health, we should not only pay attention to whether he has psychological symptoms, but also pay attention to whether he has positive and healthy performance or experience.
The direct definition of mental health is "non-unhealthy state" or "asymptomatic mental state". Although this definition is debatable, it clearly gives the standard of mental "unhealthy", that is to say, anyone with mental illness can be regarded as mentally "unhealthy". Generally speaking, mental illness includes three categories, namely neuropathy, psychosis and neurosis.
Neuropathy mainly includes psychological abnormality caused by organic brain injury (such as traumatic brain injury, intracranial infection, tumor and other diseases) and psychological abnormality caused by brain hypoplasia. For example, the psychological problems caused by diffuse and temporary brain lesions become acute encephalopathy syndrome, which is characterized by disturbance of consciousness and often has the characteristics of light day and heavy night; Patients have difficulty in perceiving the outside world, and often can't recall the things they have touched correctly or completely; Generally, the disease develops rapidly, the course of disease is short, the lesion is reversible and the prognosis is good.
When organic injuries occur in different parts of the brain, some characteristic mental symptoms may appear. For example, after frontal lobe injury, personality changes often occur, and patients are uncharacteristically selfish, coveting personal enjoyment, ignoring the interests of others and not talking about credit; Some people are indulgent, too close to others, often accompanied by childish and humorous language and behavior, or are indifferent, slow-witted, clumsy, unfocused and poorly oriented; He used to be a serious and rigorous person, but now he has become perfunctory, making others feel that he is completely different from the past; There is no obvious damage to intelligence, but abstract thinking, imagination and vividness have declined; Sometimes there may be repeated actions, imitation of words and actions, and even incontinence.
Different from neuropathy, psychosis is a serious psychological abnormality, which has no damage to the brain when it occurs, including schizophrenia, manic depression and reactive psychosis. The main features of mental illness are as follows.
Symptoms of severe mental illness include illusion, hallucination, thinking disorder, fantasy, emotional disorder and behavioral disorder.
The loss of social adaptability, from specialized work and skills to general interpersonal communication and diet, has been seriously affected.
Obvious personality changes, that is, people with psychological abnormalities are obviously different from their previous personality characteristics. For example, people who used to be diligent and organized may become lazy and sloppy; People who are warm and kind may become cold and lonely.
Lack of self-knowledge is a remarkable feature of patients with severe mental illness, and it is also an important feature that distinguishes them from other psychological abnormalities. Although patients with severe mental disorders have serious mental symptoms, they have no judgment, do not think they have any obstacles, and do not feel sick, so they will not take the initiative to seek treatment.
Schizophrenia is the most common and serious mental illness. "Schizophrenia" here means that the patient's mental activity is divorced from the real world in which he lives. In other words, a normal person's thoughts, words and deeds will be influenced by certain environment, but the words and deeds of schizophrenics have nothing to do with their living environment.
Neurosis is a mild psychological abnormality, including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hysteria, neurasthenia and so on. The main features of neurosis are as follows.
Mild neurosis is characterized by headache, sleep disorder, irritability, mood fluctuation, inattention, dysfunction of central nervous system and hysteria, such as seizures and convulsions.
Part of it is social maladjustment, including increased burden in the process of work and tension in daily interpersonal relationships.
Partial personality change. This change varies from person to person, although it is not as serious as mental illness, but it will have a great impact on people with abnormal psychology.
Have self-knowledge, have the ability to judge their own psychological abnormalities, and generally take the initiative to seek medical treatment.
Compared with neuropathy and psychosis, neurosis is relatively mild. What we often hear is depression, including depression, lack of interest in doing anything and so on. If it is serious, it will commit suicide. There is phobia, that is, fear of something, for example, some people are afraid of climbing mountains; There is obsessive-compulsive disorder, such as locking the door in the morning and leaving, but repeatedly coming back to check whether the door is locked, otherwise you will not be at ease.
A healthy mind is a state of balance. Only by correctly understanding the relationship between self and environment and the emotional fluctuation caused by environment can we maintain a healthy mentality. There are many uncontrollable factors in the workplace environment, and mental health in the workplace deserves more attention from organizations and individuals. "Talent Assessment Methods and Applications (Fourth Edition)" uses scientific and rigorous talent assessment techniques and unique and novel practical cases to enable units to select candidates more efficiently, and also to enable individuals to know themselves more effectively and comprehensively and optimize job matching.
? The article is compiled from Liu Yuan's Talent Assessment Methods and Applications (4th Edition).