Since the reform and opening up, modern architecture has been widely loved by the public. Because architecture is an energy-consuming work, it will bring great pollution to the environment, so green is advocated in architectural design to improve the living environment and living standards and reduce the resource load [1-3]. Judging from the resource reserves, many resources are non-renewable. Facing the exhaustion of resources, what human beings can do is to save resources, make use of the requirements of sustainable development, start from small things, make full use of renewable resources, reduce the adverse impact of buildings on the surrounding environment, and make green building design play a greater role.
1 Overview of Green Building Design
Green building is a building that saves resources, reduces pollution and protects the environment to the maximum extent during the life cycle of the building, thus providing people with practical, healthy and efficient space and living in harmony with nature. The pursuit of green building is the harmonious development of nature and human beings. It combines architectural technology with engineering, bionics and nature, ensures ecological stability by building a green building conducive to development, and makes up for the lack of natural beauty by artificial means, and finally designs an ecological natural building with the unity of beauty and nature [4-6].
1. 1 green building design content
First, the concept of periodicity. During the whole construction period from design planning to demolition, the corresponding design is carried out according to the characteristics of different buildings at different stages, so as to ensure the environmental protection, high efficiency, green and health of green buildings while ensuring the design quality. Although increasing investment in the early stage of architectural design will increase the initial cost, in fact, with the building put into use, the cost can be recovered from the perspective of environmental protection and saving. Second, save energy. As the key of green building design, energy conservation can achieve the requirements of pollution control and environmental protection by saving building materials, water resources, energy and land. Therefore, in the design of green buildings, we must focus on reducing pollution and saving energy, and optimize the design in combination with building functions, so as to promote the realization of the goal of green buildings under the condition of reducing energy.
Third, functional objectives. The fundamental purpose of green building design is to protect the environment and save resources. Therefore, in architecture, the design function of green building should be emphasized at the expense of endangering consumers' health, polluting the environment and changing the natural environment, so as to improve aesthetic enjoyment and save energy, and make the building have better system value and function [7, 8]. Finally, natural goals. In the design of green buildings, under the background of protecting nature, we can't simply consume more energy to improve the building function. Under the background of improving traditional architectural design, we can better meet the ecological requirements of green buildings, so as to realize the coordinated development and unity of nature and people.
1.2 green building design principles
First of all, people-oriented as the backbone of social development, architectural design is more to provide better living space for human beings. Therefore, in real life, we must give full play to the principle of people-oriented work and refuse to use materials harmful to human body in combination with the needs of human development. Therefore, in architectural design, to seek a balance with the environment, only by becoming a unified whole can we ensure the harmony between nature and man-made. Followed by comfort and health. To infiltrate the green concept into architectural design, we must combine the scientificity and applicability of architecture to create a comfortable and healthy working and living space for human beings. In the design, we should consider the orientation of buildings and make full use of solar energy when the spacing is appropriate. In addition, according to the indoor humidity and temperature, try to reduce the number of window openings to avoid the indoor temperature being too low. Third, protect the environment and save energy.
Building construction has a great impact on the surrounding water resources, topography and plants, so it is necessary to investigate the surrounding environment before construction to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment, especially the pollution of waste water and waste gas. As a high energy-consuming industry, the construction industry is likely to waste resources if energy is not fully utilized. Therefore, when applying the green concept, energy conservation should be applied to every link. In the design, the scheme with less energy consumption is selected to ensure the application of new technology by improving the application rate of materials; Sustainable energy can be obtained through greenhouse effect, waste heat recovery and other technologies. Finally, it is efficient and economical. In architectural design and construction, we should choose materials that are beneficial to the construction, combine with the actual situation, rather than blindly use them, and fundamentally improve the efficiency of architectural design based on the principle of scientific consumption and appropriate flexibility.
2 factors affecting green building design
2. 1 nature
As the focus of green building design, environmental protection and low carbon can improve the comfort and quality of life of residents through pollution-free and recyclable energy such as biomass energy, wind energy and solar energy. Therefore, energy saving, site selection, modeling, structure and energy consumption must be considered comprehensively. Green buildings have always been a group of sustainable development, and must rely on natural space to form an effective cycle of environment and architecture. In order to properly apply green building to architectural design, technical support is needed not only in building materials, design, materials, material selection and processing, but also in waste treatment, and the selected technology must be in harmony with the natural environment.
2.2 society
The biggest feature of construction engineering is high pollution and high consumption. Light pollution, thermal radiation, ground airflow, fire hazards and space oppression have all become unavoidable problems. Although there are many shortcomings in construction, there are many advantages in land use and resource conservation. From the perspective of landscape, it is beneficial to enrich the urban landscape and highlight the urban outline. For people living in high-rise buildings, good ventilation, vision and sunshine are essential. With the enhancement of environmental awareness, green building has become the necessity of development. Green building design will also be influenced by local social development. For backward areas, even if the concept of green building design is applied to buildings, it is difficult to implement because of lack of experience.
2.3 Humanities
From the design goal, green buildings provide stable and healthy ecological space for buildings, people and nature, so humanistic ideas must be integrated into architectural design. In the green building design, we must integrate the local humanistic customs, historical development and regional culture, optimize the design, and promote the development of building energy-saving design.
3 the application of green building design in architectural design
In the design of a high-rise building, there are restaurants, observation decks, amusement parks, performing arts centers, restaurants and so on. To ensure the environmental protection and green function of the building structure. In this design, the designer has integrated the concept of green design. Since the building was put into use, more than 60% of the energy came from wind energy, and the concepts of wastewater recovery, wastewater management, salt water desalination and roof greening were adopted, which greatly reduced the adverse impact on the environment, and at the same time, the design still showed a sustained and stable development trend.
3. 1 structural system
Compared with ordinary buildings, high-rise buildings have higher floors, which makes it more difficult for designers and designers to design, especially the impact of earthquakes on building structures, which has always been the focus of high-rise building design. Due to the concentration of living and working facilities in high-rise buildings, the problems of living and working are solved inside the building. Improving living efficiency and working quality has become another task of high-rise building design. Therefore, in the design of modern high-rise buildings, we must combine the actual situation, such as the shape, seismic capacity and complexity of high-rise buildings, to determine the seismic capacity of the whole structure, and then analyze it with elasticity and elastoplasticity. According to different positions, different reinforcement schemes are adopted to reduce the influence of earthquake on the structure.
3.2 Top-level design
As an important aspect of high-rise building design, top-floor design can give people a bright effect and become a symbol different from other architectural designs. The top of the square reflects the blue of the sea and becomes a lighthouse at night. In the design of high-rise buildings, some air clubs, functional rooms, entertainment places, restaurants, etc. Need to set up, so as to play the role of heat insulation and sunshade, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy and improving the climate, so that consumers can feel the atmosphere of architectural design.
3.3 Space organization
As a symbol to measure the construction level of a city, architecture is also a symbol of the development of the times, so space and shape design must be paid attention to in the design of high-rise buildings. Towers play an important role in the design of high-rise buildings. Under the environment of satisfying residents' aesthetic and basic functional needs, pay attention to the morphological structure and user needs. Apply the green concept to the design of high-rise buildings, reduce the use of glass curtain walls, minimize light pollution, reduce the number of wind belts and tuyeres, ensure the harmony of buildings, and make the space more rhythmic and aesthetic.
3.4 Building energy efficiency
Building energy conservation should make full use of the regulating function, while meeting the demand of warm in winter and cool in summer, and combining with the natural wind direction, carry out scientific and reasonable spacing planning, so as to reduce the obstacles to Xia Feng, and at the same time avoid the direct blowing of winter wind on the building, and ensure natural ventilation under convection conditions, so as to meet the requirements of emission reduction and energy conservation. In terms of thermal insulation technology, combined with climate factors, suitable thermal insulation technology is equipped to achieve the purpose of saving energy to the greatest extent.
4 conclusion
With the deterioration of living environment and the development of spiritual civilization, green buildings have been popularized and applied. Faced with the gradual improvement of the quality of life, the public also put forward many requirements for the living environment, and the indoor environment has attracted more and more attention. In order to better promote the concept of green building, we should not only deeply study ecological technology, but also comprehensively consider the fields of environment, demand and energy saving, and do a good job in building layout and site selection, so as to better realize green building design.
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