Nursing measures
1. Children who rest and keep warm should reduce their activities and increase their rest time. When they are in bed, their heads and chests should be slightly raised to make breathing easier.
Chang. Indoor air is fresh, maintain proper temperature and humidity, and avoid convection wind.
2. Ensure adequate water and nutrition supply, encourage children to drink plenty of water, and replenish them intravenously when necessary. Give digestible
A nutritious diet should be liquid or semi-liquid during fever.
3. Keep your mouth clean. Because the child has fever, cough, and thick phlegm, severe cough can cause vomiting, so
Maintain oral hygiene to increase comfort, stimulate appetite and promote the excretion of toxins. Babies can be properly fed after eating.
Measure boiling water and clean your mouth. Older children should rinse their mouths in the morning, after meals and before going to bed.
4. Fever care does not need special treatment when the heat is not high. Physical cooling or drug cooling measures should be taken at high temperature (see
Read the second section of this chapter (nursing of high fever) to prevent convulsions.
5. Observe the nature of respiratory secretions and whether they can effectively cough up sputum, so as to guide and encourage children to cough effectively; if
Sticking phlegm can appropriately increase the humidity of the sick room, and the indoor temperature should be kept at about 60% to humidify the air and dilute the secretions.
Ultrasonic atomization inhalation or steam inhalation can also be used; For children with weak cough, they should change their positions frequently and pat their backs.
Respiratory secretions are easy to be discharged, which promotes inflammation dissipation; If there are many secretions that affect breathing, use an aspirator and
Clear the sputum and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. People with cough and asthma can take oxygen.
6. Strengthen nutrition and health education, take appropriate outdoor activities, exercise, and enhance the body's response to temperature changes.
Adaptability. Increase or decrease clothes according to the temperature change to avoid getting cold or overheating. During the epidemic of respiratory diseases, don't
Let children go to public places to avoid cross-infection. Actively prevent malnutrition, rickets, anemia and various infectious diseases,
Vaccinate on time to enhance the body's immunity.
To treat cough, we must first judge whether the disease that causes cough itself is serious. You can cough occasionally when you have a cold, so make soup with white radish. If you cough with thick phlegm, you can take drugs that dilute the secretion, such as ammonium chloride 1/3 ~ 1/2 tablets, 1, three times a day; Brown mixture 1 ml/year, three times a day; Fresh bamboo juice 5 ~ 10 ml, 3 times a day; Qutanling: 5 ~ 10 ml, 1 3 times a day. At the same time, it can be combined with anti-inflammatory drugs, such as amoxicillin granules 1 ~ 2 bags, 1 three times a day; Reforest 0.5 ~ 1.5 bags, 1 3 times a day; Erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules or tablets 30 mg/kg daily, taken orally for 3 times. However, for children with poor constitution and loose stools, fresh bamboo juice and expectorant spirit should not be used. If cough is accompanied by high fever, pay attention to whether there is pneumonia and take the child to the hospital for treatment. If you cough for a long time and lose weight with low fever, you should go to the hospital to check whether there is tuberculosis. If the cough occurs when crying, laughing or eating, accompanied by shortness of breath, you should immediately pat the child's chest and back and take a bow position to help cough up the choking foreign body.
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1. Children cough
Most of the phlegm from colds and coughs is white foam.
A frothy cough. Wind cough
Mostly phlegm and empty cough.
It's noisy and itchy
Your child has a cold.
Bronchitis is incurable and belongs to the wind.
The cold sealed the lungs. Children cough ten times.
Complex, often cold with heat,
Both exterior and interior diseases, if phlegm is heavy,
Turbidity, dyspnea and acute response
Use nabeliser first, do it first
Bronchiectasis, expectoration
After conditioning with Chinese medicine, but
Never take tonic.
Chinese medicine treats cough through Chinese medicine.
The method of medical syndrome differentiation has ideal effect.
. If you have asthma, you can combine traditional Chinese and western medicine.
Comprehensive therapy. At present, she should avoid it.
Avoid cold food, if correct.
Don't eat high protein if you are allergic.
Seafood and chicken. You can do it.
Almond milk tea for her to drink (ie
Almond milk.
Peel American almonds and add water to mix.
Stirring and filtering to obtain tea, and heating.
Add honey and a little yam powder.
You can drink it.
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2. Children cough
The TCM classification of cough includes wind cough, cold cough, heat cough and phlegm cough, but they are often confused with each other. Such as wind-cold and wind-heat. The argument is based on the color of sputum, thick or thin sputum, frequent cough during day or night, severe cough in cold or heat, etc. And then through the mutual reference of tongue diagnosis and pulse diagnosis, the type of phlegm can be diagnosed. According to your description, your child's cough should be caused by cold.
You can try to buy "Xiaoqinglong syrup" or "Su Xing syrup" to take it. Avoid eating cold food, such as ice water and ice cream. It's best to see a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Nursing care of children with cough
Cough is the most common respiratory disease in children, and almost all lung diseases have cough symptoms. Chinese medicine believes that children cough and the lesions are in the lungs. The main causes of children's cough are the delicate and frequent deficiency of the lungs, as well as internal deficiency such as unstable exterior and weak anti-evil ability.
Clinically, it is often seen that many children can't adapt to the sudden change of climate and have repeated colds and coughs. These children have poor adaptability to the external environment and weak resistance, and are particularly vulnerable to infection by various pathogenic factors. In addition to the immature stage of children's growth and development, most of these children are partial to sweets, greasy, too warm at room temperature, or too fond of clothes and ducks, which affects their self-cooling ability, thus forming a constitution of lung and stomach heat accumulation. Such children are prone to annoying crying, blushing cheeks and restless sleep. It is cold at night, characterized by fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat and difficulty in expectoration. Some children, due to improper diet, eat cold drinks and ice food, and gradually form anorexia with coldness and spleen injury. Because of long-term loss of appetite, spleen and stomach weakness, digestion and absorption function weakened, nutrition can not meet the needs of the body, resistance decreased. At this time, if you are exposed to exogenous pathogenic factors, it is easy to cause a cold. The disease recurs, often with stuffy nose, runny nose, cough and phlegm. Anti-inflammatory drugs, antitussive and expectorant drugs are not effective, so the course of disease is prolonged. It can be seen that it is very important for parents to feed their children reasonably.
For children with colds and coughs, please pay attention to the following points:
First of all, in the flu season, children should have a long course of fever, cold and cough. After the doctor's diagnosis and treatment, they should take medicine and care at home according to the doctor's instructions. Don't increase the chance of repeated infection because your child has a fever and goes to the hospital repeatedly.
Second, in the early stage of the child's cold, when the condition is not serious, you can give the child some cold medicine first; When the fever reaches above 38.5℃, take antipyretics in time, try to rest quietly and drink plenty of boiled water. When the illness gets worse, you should go to the hospital for treatment in time. At this time, don't handle it yourself, especially don't take adult drugs casually.
In addition, parents' care for their children is very important. Children can sit and play without being forced to sleep. Children with vomiting and diarrhea should be fed liquid food on the first day. For children with general fever and cough, we should eat some delicious, light and nutritious diets, and we must give them a hot diet in winter. Noodles and sliced soup are good. Fever and sweating consume a lot of body fluids. Drink more water and juice and eat more fruits. Don't take a bath when the child is sick, because taking a bath will make the blood circulation stronger, which is not conducive to peace and will catch a cold again. Children with excessive phlegm will indeed increase their secretions because of bathing, but only after a week of illness, if they have a slight cough in the morning and have a good appetite, they can take a bath before going to bed without a fever. If you sleep well, you can wash it every other day.
There are several common ways to treat cough by decocting pear crystal sugar in water: first, decocting pear almond crystal sugar in water to treat wind-heat cough; First, the orange peel pear, white radish and brown sugar are decocted in water to cure cold and cough; First, pears are fried with Fritillaria cirrhosa and rock sugar, which are used for dry cough, chronic cough and less phlegm in sick children. Have a certain curative effect.
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Children who cough for more than 3 weeks should see a doctor.
At any time, if a child coughs for more than three weeks, parents should pay attention and consult a doctor.
Cough is common among children, but parents should not take it lightly.
Wang, a famous pediatrician in Singapore, wrote in the latest issue of the Hospital News of Niashan Hospital that cough itself is actually a physiological function, which can help children to remove excess secretions and foreign toxic substances from the respiratory tract. However, persistent cough did not bring this benefit to children.
Dr. Wang stressed that parents should provide doctors with detailed medical records of their children's cough, which will help doctors make a correct diagnosis and prescribe the right medicine. On the other hand, doctors believe that parents should also be provided with knowledge about children's cough. In some cases, this may be the only treatment without any drugs.
Dr. Wang also listed all possible reasons for children's persistent cough, as follows:
Recurrent upper respiratory tract infection:
As the name implies, this is a cough caused by a child's respiratory infection. Because the infected virus is different, the symptoms are good and bad. This is also a common reason for children to cough continuously or occasionally.
For this reason, most children who have cough problems go to child care centers, where everyone can easily infect each other.
Dr. Wang said that sometimes children's siblings have cough problems first, and then they go to the child care center and then infect other children. These children also have symptoms of cold and fever.
An effective way to treat cough is to isolate children from their kindergartens or schools for a period of time to prevent the spread of cough. Doctors will also give antibiotics to children when necessary.
Cough after virus infection:
This phenomenon can be said to be a continuation of the above reasons, and it cannot be cured after two or three weeks. Children who usually cough for this reason are not serious and have little effect on children.
In addition, children can sleep at night without being affected, even if they cough during sleep, it is very mild. This cough will only become obvious when the child is exercising vigorously or crying.
Dr. Wang said that children don't need to take medicine for this reason, and doctors should explain it to parents.
Bronchial asthma is a common disease in children.
Dr. Wang said that bronchial asthma is a common childhood disease, but it is often underestimated or overdiagnosed. Almost every child who coughs for a long time is told by the doctor that he may have asthma. These children usually have a so-called night cough, which is now called cough asthma. These children looked normal when they were examined, and there was nothing unusual when they were X-rayed.
Older children can have lung function tests. When doing this examination, it may show that he has slight signs of small airway hyperactivity, or no signs.
The most common night cough is in the first two hours after sleep. The worst time for coughing is 7: 00 pm to 9: 00 pm and 6: 00 am to 8: 00 am.
In the period of rapid temperature change, there is no obvious difference in the number of coughs, so children's cough is not caused by cold temperature and low air humidity.
Children with cough and asthma are treated with bronchodilators and sometimes inhaled corticosteroids. However, a recent study shows that giving placebos to children with persistent night cough will also improve. I sniffed a lot of corticosteroids for two weeks, but the effect was not great.
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Chronic cough and severe cough should be treated by a doctor.
Common cold, flu
The main symptoms are nasal congestion, runny nose and high fever. Babies sometimes vomit and diarrhea. The symptoms of flu are more obvious than the common cold. Can cause chills, headaches, sore throats, joint and muscle aches, and high fever. At this time, we should pay attention to keep quiet, eat digestible food and fully replenish water. Usually let the children develop the habit of washing their hands and gargling after returning home.
Bronchitis and laryngitis (asthma)
Bronchitis usually occurs after a cold. Cough, expectoration, fever and other symptoms will occur, but if there is no secondary infection of bacteria, don't worry too much. Laryngitis can be characterized by hoarseness, severe cough and throat wheezing. At this time, pay attention to the dryness in the room, keep quiet and talk at any time.
Asthma in children
Children's asthma has external causes (such as pollen and dust) and internal causes (inflammation). Allergens should be found and treated for exogenous asthma. Asthma is easy to attack in the middle of the night, so consult a doctor when you have difficulty breathing. Asthma patients should pay special attention to the cleanliness of their living environment. In addition, it is also important to wipe your body with a dry cloth or enhance your physical strength by swimming.
Infantile pneumonia
There are symptoms such as loss of appetite, high fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting and cramps. This situation must be treated by a doctor. Besides keeping quiet at home, we should also give digestible and nutritious food enough water. In addition, we should also pay attention to the cleanliness of the mouth and body, so that children can discharge sputum.
childhood tuberculosis
The disease usually has no symptoms at the initial stage. If the tuberculin test is positive, you should receive treatment immediately. If the treatment is too slow, sometimes there will be complications such as miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous osteomyelitis, which should be paid special attention to. If someone in the family has tuberculosis, the baby should be tested for tuberculin reaction within 2 ~ 3 months after birth.
whooping cough
First there are symptoms similar to a cold, then there is a spasmodic cough, and the number will gradually increase. Sometimes, due to a severe cough, the face will swell up. Infants and young children are at risk of pneumonia, so special attention should be paid. In addition to paying attention to the environment and nutrition, it is necessary to do isolation treatment for about a month, and regular cough attacks will stop.
Treatment of cough
If you cough badly, you should lean forward. When you feel very painful because of a bad cough, you can lean forward on the table and support him with your hands behind your back. Keep your head up when you sleep, so as to prevent severe cough and attack.
Carrot soup can cure whooping cough.
It is very helpful for children with weak constitution to eat carrots. As a medicinal material, the dried fruit of jujube has the function of nourishing and strengthening. When a child suffers from whooping cough, you can add some dates to carrot soup for him to drink.
The method of cooking soup with carrots
Boil120g carrot and ten dates in three cups of warm water (about1500g). You can drink the soup13.
Steamed pears with honey can prevent asthma attacks.
Before the onset of asthma, there is usually a whole sputum coming out and a sudden cough. If phlegm can be stopped at this stage, its attack can be stopped. Pear has long been a panacea for relieving dry mouth and pain caused by colds and tonsils. However, boiling pears with honey or in an iron pot is very effective in preventing asthma attacks. In addition, the juice squeezed from pears also helps to relieve cough and resolve phlegm.
Pear bubble sugar is a specific medicine for treating chronic cough.
Huali was a specific medicine for chronic cough a long time ago. In addition, it also has an effect on restoring fatigue. For some children who are prone to physical exhaustion and asthma when they are tired, they can often be given it as a preventive measure.
The fruit of Huali pear is astringent and sour, and it will be hard to eat raw. You can give the pickled pear to your child, which is not only sweet, but also easy to eat. It is better to take one tablet every day.