Why should we advocate healthy farming? What are the production technologies of eco-healthy fishery?

1. Importance of developing healthy aquaculture In the process of aquaculture, the fermentation and decomposition of feed residues, the production of a large amount of ammonia nitrogen during the metabolism of aquatic animals, the stench of rotting animal carcasses, eutrophication of water quality and drug residues all cause serious pollution to the ecological environment, which in turn has an important impact on human health. In order to reduce and control the pollution of aquaculture to the ecological environment, comprehensive measures are mainly taken to eliminate ammonia nitrogen by biochemical methods, adopt scientific feed preparation and feeding technology, popularize the concept of healthy aquaculture and reduce the pollution caused by drug use. Diseases and pollution caused by the deterioration of water environment in fishery waters have brought great harm to aquaculture and become the most troublesome problem in the sustainable development of aquaculture in China. It not only brings more and more serious pressure to China's comprehensive environmental management, but also puts China's aquatic products at a disadvantage in international trade. The European Union once imposed a trade ban on China's aquatic products, and the United States and Japan also issued notices on products such as shrimp exported from China. In recent years, red tides occur almost every year. Correspondingly, aquatic products are returned or destroyed every year in some countries in Europe and America, resulting in extremely heavy losses. Therefore, we should clearly realize the importance of improving the breeding environment, taking various effective measures to control the occurrence and spread of pollution and promoting healthy breeding. At the beginning of China's reform and opening-up from 1978, after the "dispute over raising and catching", the central government asked the fishery industry to "focus on developing aquaculture". 1985, the central document No.5 formally proposed that the fishery should be "mainly based on aquaculture". 1986 Fisheries Law defines "feeding first" in legal form. As a result, China fishery experienced the first major change from "fishing type" to "aquaculture type". More than 20 years have passed, which can not fully express the requirements of the transformation of aquaculture and fishery development mode at this stage. To realize the sustainable development of aquaculture, we must change the existing development mode of aquaculture, and the key is to promote "healthy aquaculture". Promoting "healthy farming" is the symbol of the second major transformation of the fishery development mode in China. In 2009, the Central Committee 1 clearly put forward "accelerating the development of large-scale standardized healthy farming of animal husbandry and aquatic products".

2. The main technology of eco-healthy fishery production: eco-healthy multi-species polyculture model. Popularize eco-efficient polyculture mode and healthy culture technology through water measurement, and focus on promoting diversified culture modes such as crab-shrimp polyculture, turtle polyculture, fish-crab polyculture and fish-fish polyculture. Multi-species polyculture technology in ponds has the advantages of high bait utilization rate, low sewage discharge, low drug consumption, high product quality and good economic benefits of aquaculture. Develop the production mode of "agriculture and fisheries" comprehensive circular economy. Developing agricultural comprehensive circular economy production modes such as "fishing-mulberry", "fishing-fruit" and "fishing-vegetable", building ecological small farms and scientifically planning the proportion of agricultural and fishery areas have good economic and ecological benefits, which are in line with the ideas and concepts of modern agricultural development. The production mode of "fishing-farming" makes the input materials be used efficiently, and the residual bait and sludge formed by feces produced by fishery production are used as high-quality fertilizers for agricultural production, forming a good material circulation chain with less pollutant discharge, which is the production mode to be advocated in the future. Research and application of water quality control technology in aquaculture waters. Apply biological, chemical and mechanical means to adjust the water quality of aquaculture waters, popularize the use of microbial agents and quicklime to improve the water quality, equip with mechanical equipment such as aerators and pumps, increase the amount of oxygen and aeration, accelerate the decomposition and circulation of substances in water, be absorbed and utilized by organisms, and reduce the discharge of pollutants in water. Research, popularization and application of ecological restoration technology in natural waters Do a good job in the proliferation and release of fishery resources in open waters, put filter-feeding fish in waters with qualified water quality, properly plant and maintain some aquatic plants, establish an ecosystem where fish, shrimp and grass can be recycled, increase the local aquatic resource population, restore the biodiversity of waters, make full use of the food chain characteristics of different fish, and improve the self-purification ability of waters. B. Strictly control the area of purse seine culture and cage culture, and adjust some feeding culture areas to ecological proliferation areas, so as to change the fishery from intensive culture to leisure sightseeing fishery and realize the sustainable utilization of fishery resources. Explore the new technology of closed circulating water and zero discharge of wastewater for industrialized aquaculture. Closed-loop aquaculture is a resource-saving aquaculture model using modern industrial technology, which has the advantages of high yield, high quality, high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection. This kind of aquaculture mode is to fully combine water treatment and purification with aquaculture technology, replenish water regularly, and basically not discharge aquaculture wastewater, which is one of the development directions of fishery production in the future.

The content of this article comes from: Animal Welfare and Meat Production by China Agricultural Publishing House.