In the field of psychological counseling, this is one of the few complaints that can be supported by evidence. At present, the industry is basically in a wild state without a clear competent unit, with low entry threshold, excessive marketization and lack of compulsory supervision mechanism, which makes most visitors choose to remain silent when encountering illegal operations by consultants, while defenders are facing more difficult mental difficulties than before seeking advice and help.
Wen Yi Wei Ronghuan
When the "very special visitor" did psychological counseling for the second time, the girl Tang Yu said that she was a little thirsty. She picked up the cup and found a lipstick mark on the side-this is the cup that the counselor had drunk, but the other party didn't stop it and didn't change it for her. This intimacy, Tang Yu doesn't know whether the female consultant Chang Fengru is intentional or unintentional, because the other party clearly knows that she likes girls.
In the following meetings, Tang Yu often heard such words as "You are a very special visitor", and Chang Fengru even suggested increasing the meeting to three times a week. In addition to consulting, Tang Yu occasionally receives psychological articles from the other side, with a greeting or two and a "kiss" expression. At that time, she didn't know that it was against the code of work ethics for consultants to contact visitors privately.
In the consulting room where the environment is not beautiful, Tang Yu reveals himself bit by bit. Two years after graduating from college, she still doesn't know what she wants to do in the future, falls into anxiety and stays at home and doesn't want to see anyone. When she was in tears, Tang Yu got a hug, which calmed her down and deepened her attachment to this short, ordinary-looking consultant who didn't even leave any impression at first, and regarded Chang Fengru as the closest person in her life. Later, Chang Fengru directly asked her in the consulting room: "Why don't you admit that you like me?" Tang Yu blushed.
Like many young people, Tang Yu pushed open the door of the consulting room with the expectation of being "cured". She didn't expect that there was an increasingly intimate and ambiguous relationship intertwined with "cure".
This is not an unusual love-hate situation. In psychological counseling, the consequences of "love" may be devastating. A similar thing happened on 20 14, when Wang Xingbo, a senior psychological counselor, had an intimate relationship with a visitor. Many years later, the girl posted on the Internet, describing that time as "like falling into hell", but at first, she thought it was true love.
Later, the girl complained with her real name, and Wang Xingbo was permanently removed from the "registration system for professional institutions and professionals in clinical and consulting psychology" (the membership supervision system established by the Chinese Psychological Association, referred to as the "registration system"). This is the first case of violating ethics in China, and it is also the only case that has been publicized by the "registration system" so far. According to the ethics of clinical and counseling psychology, counselors are not allowed to fall in love with visitors unless it is more than three years after the end of the counseling relationship.
After more than a year of psychological counseling, Tang Yu and consultant Chang Fengru expressed their love for each other. However, her mental disorder became more serious. Chang Fengru promised to meet three years later, but she couldn't help meeting again. Under repeated stimulation, Tang Yu had the idea of suicide.
She started taking several psychotropic drugs at the same time. There is an emotional release agent. After eating, I can't sit still. Running around downstairs every day, my waist and legs hurt after a few days. In another medicine instead, finally don't have to run laps, and extreme hunger-just finished eating a big plate of chicken, and go to eat Haidilao in 200 yuan, gastrointestinal discomfort will only be felt after the drug effect drops.
Ten pills that Tang Yu takes every day.
In the spring of 20 19, Tang Yu filed a complaint with the China-US Psychoanalytic Alliance (CAPA), the "registration system" and the psychological counseling platform that Chang Fengru entered. She kept letters and WeChat chat records as evidence. Chang Fengru was trained by CAPA, and the organization finally punished her, canceled her membership and refused to accept applications for five years. Chang Fengru's psychological counseling platform was also taken off the shelf and an internal notice was sent.
This matter blew up in the psychological counseling circle, because it was one of the few complaints that could be supported by evidence. 20 17 after the government cancelled the qualification certification of psychological counseling, the industry was basically in a wild state without a clear competent unit, and most similar complaints stopped at insufficient evidence.
According to the data of Industry Research Report, at present, there are about 80 million mental patients in China who need medication, and the number of people with mental disorders who may need counseling and help has exceeded 1 100 million. However, this industry is losing its most important resource-the trust of tourists at a worrying speed.
In addition to the intimate relationship caused by empathy, privacy leakage is also accelerating the destruction of this trust. Tourists may not know how far their stories will go.
In March last year, a well-known psychological counseling platform launched live online teaching, and more than 10 professionals participated in the supervision (supervisors are usually senior consultants, who help psychological counselors through case analysis and also play a supervisory role). 99 yuan can watch 100 demonstration teaching sessions. At that time, the "registration system" issued an ethical reminder that the upper limit of online platform participants was generally 40, but it was an excellent learning opportunity for novice consultants, and the activities did not stop.
Five months later, the teaching video was sent to the internet by illegal consultants, and more than 20 thousand people watched it within a few days. Although every case is reported in the newspaper, there is a visitor's informed consent, but does the visitor know the usage scenario? Peng, a consultant, said in a post on Zhihu that visitors need to know that being discussed in the range of two people or a dozen people is completely different from being discussed in the range of tens of thousands of people. "The latter is almost equivalent to: I want to write a book about your story and publish it. Do you agree? "
Faced with the question of tourists' privacy disclosure, there are also many such messages in related articles. "Which consultant didn't grow up by constantly hurting visitors?" If you study clinical medicine, you should also know how important teachers are. "
The "ten thousand people supervision" did not stop there. In March this year, the supervision class of 202 1 100 will start soon, and the number of big coffee will increase from 1 1 to 15. According to official propaganda, a new confidentiality agreement was signed this year, and the video will be encrypted and stored. The voice of doubt is still there: can this prevent information from leaking out?
Other tourists don't know that their privacy has been leaked. During the period when Tang Yu and Chang Fengru were closely related, they would naturally talk about other visitors. Because they consult in the same place, know each other and have the same minority interests, Tang Yu can easily find out each other's names.
Moreover, when she learned that Chang Fengru's supervisor also knew their special relationship and was called Chang Fengru's "lover" there, Tang Yu suddenly felt like being surrounded by a group of people naked.
Data map, from vision china.
Like Tang Yu, many visitors who are controlled and difficult to prove themselves know almost nothing about the ethical norms of psychological counseling before entering the consulting room. They knocked on the door just to be saved.
Behind Tang Yu's feelings and actions, the most secret and shameful thoughts are buried. Sharing with consultants, under the guidance of professional analysis, looking for clues in the growth experience is a difficult process, a bit like dissecting yourself.
At this time, visitors often have "empathy", which shows that consultants are acting as the attachment objects of visitors. In psychoanalytic therapy, "empathy" is usually the inner reflection of the visitor. Shi Xiuxiong, a psychological counselor, explained that what a psychological counselor should do is to help visitors understand themselves better, explore and repair their past pains, and thus cure them.
However, in the special relationship of power mechanism, such as the relationship between consultation and visit, border chaos and abuse of power will all hurt visitors. Hou Zhijin, a professor at the School of Psychology of Beijing Normal University, once published a paper, pointing out: "If intimate relationships are developed, it is usually the consultants who have not grasped the professional boundaries well. Consultants are also ordinary people and have various needs, so satisfying them in the consulting relationship is close to the water, but this is an abuse of the consulting relationship. "
When Tang Yu found that there was a rule in the Code of Ethics for Clinical and Counseling Psychology that she could not fall in love in the consulting room, she began to feel uneasy and asked Chang Fengru many times: "Are you doing this right?" "What do you think is our relationship now?" Several times, Tang Yu got angry and said not to consult. Chang Fengru looked at her for sure. "I know you will come, because you can't stand not seeing me."
Data map, from vision china.
She wrote an article and sent it to Tang Yu. The first sentence is-"If you fall in love with your visit at first sight, what is it for the consultant?" The title of the article is "Some Discussions on Visiting Passion and Opposing Empathy". Chang Fengru recorded her own emotional change process and thought that "this is a loving relationship that cures visitors". In Tang Yu's view, this is a deep confession of "I love you".
In many people's minds, "empathy" is the responsibility of visitors, and even visitors themselves think so. Wang Guqin, a doctoral student studying in the United States, is deeply involved and cares about his consultants all day long. The counselor's evaluation of her is-"You are lazy, cunning, unwilling to take responsibility and want to get something for nothing".
This made Wang Guqin very disappointed with himself and actively reviewed and reflected during the consultation process. "Every time I am like a diligent student, I report my self-awareness and am eager to affirm, praise and even appease." On several occasions, her flattery pleased the counselor, who responded, "In fact, you will still obey."
The consultant calls himself "guru" in the official name and "accepts the support of visitors". He has also published articles closely related to visitors, but the comments in the comment area are not condemnation but appreciation, and appreciate his openness. Visitors caught in this unequal relationship are often difficult to know, and even more difficult to prove themselves: how to prove that they have normal judgment?
"Because everyone treated you as a mental patient from the beginning." Wang Jiaqin said. Especially when she makes things public on the Internet, the first task of the post is to attract consultants who come to "practice their hands" and label her with various diagnostic labels: paranoid, omnipotent and acting personality. ...
As a patient with mental illness, telling his own experience means bearing all kinds of judgments. On April 20 19, Tang Yu posted her story on the social platform. Many people questioned the authenticity of the screenshots, saying that the whole thing was false and posted various diagnostic labels. Tang Yu stubbornly refused to respond. "If you can't stand them, these contents will be taken out immediately, and then you can see that this person is really sick." That month, she has been playing the floor in the study. "Only learning can give me a sense of security."
In order to know and prove whether they are "exploited", visitors often read a lot of psychological books. The picture shows the bookshelf of three visitors.
Among the people seeking psychological counseling, Tang Yu's social function is slightly damaged, and she can still maintain clear and orderly communication with others. Many visitors are talking with confused thoughts, and they don't even know that their experiences are true. Sharing their experiences online can easily lead to "social death". This is one of the reasons why most visitors choose to be silent when they encounter the illegal operation of the consultant.
In American history, this misunderstanding lasted for many years. Freud once said in Empathy Observation that in the past, American courts would choose to believe the complaints of psychological counselors, believing that the allegations of unfair sexual relations were caused by the sexual fantasies of mentally unstable women. 1975 Barbara Noel accused her therapist of sexual exploitation, and the police's first reaction was "You must be dreaming".
With the insistence of many victims and scholars, the field of mental health began to agree to prohibit employees from having sexual contact with visitors. It was not until 198 1 American Psychological Association formulated the first code of ethics that it was explicitly prohibited. Employees or organizations that are judged to be in violation of the norms may be suspended from practicing or their licenses revoked.
However, are all tourists' complaints objectively established? Wang Xueyan, a psychological counselor, said that in the process of counseling, the anger of visitors growing up will be projected on the counselor. A lot of anger comes from the expectation of being "perfectly raised". "Perfection does not exist at all, parents are not perfect nurturers, counselors are not perfect helpers, and conflicts are inevitable." Visitors feel wronged, angry, quarreling with consultants or even unable to come are all a process of repair. "When he can express these things directly without hiding them, it is actually a process in which his trust ability and self-protection function gradually mature."
According to Wang Xueyan, in clinic, it is not uncommon for visitors to hate counselors for many years and feel that counselors are hurting themselves. Years later, he realized that it was his fear of the world that made him wary of being hurt everywhere, and then judged the help of the counselor as injury. All this happened because he had not accumulated the experience of being treated well before.
But once the real damage happens, it is very difficult to repair and rebuild trust. Like these visitors, Wang Xueyan, as a visitor, experienced the injury from an immature counselor at the early stage of her study: "In the face of a trusted person, I can't tell whether this person is hurting me or my own internal injuries have caused the injury to reappear. Such confusion directly leads to the inability to trust yourself and others. The process of rebuilding trust is like breaking bones that are not connected but grow together and reconnecting them. It is painful and long. "
Some experts and practitioners who have realized the seriousness of the problem are looking for improvement measures, hoping to protect their trust with visitors. Qian Ceng, a professor of psychology in Peking University, said in a magazine that the first general rule of the Code of Ethics for Clinical and Counseling Psychology requires consultants to let clients benefit from their professional services. "This kind of sexual relationship (intimate relationship between counseling and visiting) fundamentally affects visitors, so that they can not only benefit from counseling services, but also get hurt."
Data map, from vision china.
But this code of ethics is only binding on thousands of people in the "registration system" and has no legal effect. When Tang Yu filed a complaint, Chang Fengru was applying to become a member of the "registration system" and her complaint was accepted.
However, before the investigation started, Tang He couldn't stand it, because she had accepted three rounds of investigation before. Due to the lack of a unified complaint channel, both the platform and CAPA where Chang Fengru works must complain once. When being investigated, the same details should be recalled three times, and each time she was injured. Finally, the complaint was successful, but one of the platforms directly pointed out Tang Yu's Weibo and Zhihu ID at the beginning of the result notice. "I don't know whether it's me or a consultant at the moment," Tang Yu said.
Psychological counseling was introduced into China in the late 1980s. Many psychological counselors have no relevant training background, and there are no professional restrictions for applying for the exam except for first-class psychological counselors. "Foreign consultants will be supervised as long as they come into contact with cases during the whole training period. Even in the last year of internship, if your performance is not up to standard, you still can't get permission. In China, it all depends on the test results. " Research by Hou Zhijin, a professor at the School of Psychology of Beijing Normal University, shows that.
In addition, few universities and training institutions offer moral courses. Meng Shasha, a lecturer in psychology postgraduate entrance examination, said that "ethics" is only a chapter in psychological counseling books. At present, there are no special books and courses. "People who want to take a master's degree in psychology, because there is no such part in the exam outline, even if you teach, you will not listen."
Last year, Meng Shasha spent 5400 yuan on a training class and passed the exam. In addition to the title of psychological lecturer, she also has an identity-marriage and family counselor. "In fact, I didn't watch a class and didn't practice a single question. I just got the certificate by copying and pasting the online search questions. Do you think I will do marriage and family counseling? " Meng Shasha clearly knows that if she really goes to consult, visitors can't tell the difference.
Most consultants who abuse the consulting relationship will have nowhere to complain about Rainbow Guqin. Even professional consultants with "registration system" membership are only permanently removed from the list and have no right to revoke their practice certificates; For those who are not registered in the system, at present, whether to abide by moral norms can only be seen by personal consciousness.
In Canada, there have been clear official channels to receive and review complaints since 1960. Xu, a China psychologist living in Canada, said that there is also a disciplinary committee in Canada, which is responsible for further trial and punishment. Once found to be illegal, the license may be revoked, or it may be jailed. The details of the punishment will be displayed next to the consultant's name and will always follow his career.
It was not until two or three years ago that the first lawsuit of psychological consultation privacy dispute appeared in China. Prior to this, the judicial field has been blank, and only two or three articles of the Mental Health Law can protect visitors. 20 18, Zhao zaixue, a college student in Beijing, consulted at the psychological counseling center. She broke down and asked for another meeting. Finally, the counselor said, "Do you know how much trouble you have caused us?"
"We?" Zhao was startled. After questioning, she realized that her case was publicly shared at the internal supervision meeting every week, and even the front desk without professional background was involved. Few students go to consult. She has been going on for two years. It is easy for everyone to know who it is. "Your secret may even be known by the front desk!"
Data map, from vision china.
Zhao angrily took the school psychological counseling center to court, but those conversations that made her angry could not be used as evidence because they were not recorded. On June 5438+February 65438+May, 2020, she received the final judgment of the court and rejected the request for prosecution, arguing that the consultant was a professional act and did not infringe on privacy. Zhao's experience is not an isolated case, but it is the first case that went to court and ended in failure.
"This is a very helpless fact." Shi Xiuxiong, a psychological counselor, said that in the event of a dispute, the court could not find an authoritative organization to help with the judgment. He once supported many visitors who openly defended their rights online, but gradually lost his heart. "It is a flaw and loophole in the entire regulatory level. It doesn't make much sense to support one or two cases."
More and more tourists publicly post their experiences online. As a consultant, Wang Xueyan disagreed with those who simply attacked the consultant. "Anger can easily arouse * * *, and readers can easily feel that they are victims from the anger of others, but the feeling of being hurt does not mean the fact of being hurt."
In her view, online "safeguarding rights" may also be an emotional catharsis, which will accumulate the anger of consultants on visitors. "Consultant is not a fairy. When he is angry and worried about being chased by the internet, how much psychological space does he have to help visitors? And how can prospective visitors who are overwhelmed by a lot of information that' consultants are bad people' have the courage to seek professional help? "
Since she made her experience public, Tang Yu has received many private letters from tourists. She found that this was not a case, so she found eight visitors and wrote an emotional documentary of eight visitors who suffered secondary injuries, hoping to call for legislation and supervision. Only this time they didn't break through the circle and the voice didn't spread.
She was tortured by the side effects of drugs from time to time, but began to try to do something she wanted to do, such as buying a colorful painting for her black and white home. Occasionally, she would dream that Chang Fengru would silently light a cigarette when she woke up. After being removed from the platform, Chang Fengru opened her own studio and is still consulting. Tang Yu no longer cares. "The punishment information is not public. How can new tourists know so much?"
(Tang Yu, Chang Fengru, Zhao, Wang Jiaqin and Meng Shasha are pseudonyms)