What are the items of male infertility examination?

1. Medical history. It is very important to collect medical history correctly. (1) Occupation and type of work: exposure to poisons (lead, mercury and phosphorus) and radiation, high temperature operation, contact time and protective measures; Nutritional status; Have bad hobbies (cigarettes, alcohol), etc. ② Past medical history: whether you have gonorrhea, mumps, tuberculosis, epididymitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis or spinal cord injury, dysuria, diabetes or hypothyroidism. What is the treatment situation and effect? ③ Marriage and sexual life: including the attitude, situation and frequency of sexual life; Whether there is nocturnal emission, impotence, premature ejaculation, etc. And whether there are masturbation habits before marriage; How is the relationship between husband and wife, whether the wife is healthy and whether the sexual life is coordinated; Years of marriage, cohabitation time and whether to take contraceptive measures. ④ Previous examination and treatment: semen examination results, collection time and method; Have you ever been treated, and what is the effect; The woman's exam. ⑤ Family history: Are there any patients with infertility, hermaphroditism, hereditary diseases and tuberculosis in the family? 2. Karyotype analysis. It can be used for external reproductive organ malformation, testicular dysplasia and unexplained azoospermia. 3. Male infertility physical examination. The examination contents include: ① penis: pay attention to whether there are serious phimosis, induration, inflammation, tumor or dysplasia. ② Urethra: Whether there is fistula, hypospadias, induration or stenosis. (3) Prostate: The size can be checked for induration and tumor by anal examination, and prostatic fluid can also be checked by massage. ④ Testicle: Measure its size, palpation hardness, induration, tenderness, tumor and cryptorchidism. ⑤ spermatic cord: feel the hardness of the vas deferens for nodules, tenderness and varicocele. 4. Laboratory examination. Except as a compulsory item, semen examination should be selected according to the specific situation of patients: ① Semen analysis: This will help to understand the fertility of men and is a compulsory item for infertility. The examination contents include color, quantity, liquefaction time, pH value, sperm count, motility, survival rate and morphology. ② In vitro heterogeneous insemination experiment: Even if the routine semen analysis is completely normal, sometimes it still cannot fully represent the insemination ability of sperm. In vitro heterogeneous insemination experiment can estimate sperm insemination ability more accurately, which is of great value to judge male fertility. The commonly used experiment is the heterogeneous insemination of human sperm penetrating hamster eggs, with the sperm of normal breeders as the control. ③ Examination of prostatic fluid: normal opalescent alkaline, tiny refracted lecithin particles with complete visual field, a small amount of epithelial cells, amyloid and sperm, and white blood cell count.