Generally speaking, the standards of axiology and epistemology are basically the same, that is to say, the standards of beauty and ugliness are basically the same, and sometimes even completely the same, that is, beauty is true beauty and ugliness is true ugliness. That is to say, anything with physiological value that conforms to the social aesthetic norms can generally produce positive value to the subject, and anything with physiological value that violates the social aesthetic norms can generally produce negative value to the subject.
However, human society is a very complex system, and the value relationship between various things presents a complex and changeable state, which is influenced by many subject variables, object variables and intermediary variables and has great randomness, dynamics and nonlinearity. So many times, the "beauty and ugliness standard" and the "truth, goodness, beauty and ugliness standard" are not the same, and sometimes even completely opposite. Although some things with physiological value conform to the social aesthetic norms at that time, they are not conducive to the survival and development of mankind; Although other things with physiological value seriously violated the social aesthetic norms at that time, they were beneficial to human survival and development. For example, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, "little-footed girls" can make people feel beautiful. For wealthy families, "little feet girl" will not seriously affect their working ability and viability, but for poor families, it will seriously affect their working ability and viability.
This raises a sharp question: when judging specific physiological value things, if there is a serious contradiction between the axiology standard and the epistemology standard (that is, the beauty and ugliness standard and the true beauty and ugliness standard), which standard should be chosen as the final standard?
It is not difficult to understand that the fundamental purpose of human beings lies in survival and development, and the fundamental purpose of all human physiological behaviors and life movements lies in maximizing production value, consumption value and creation value. Therefore, the essential feature of physiological value things is their value characteristics, and the ultimate criterion for judging physiological value things should be the axiology standard, not the epistemology standard.
In a word, judging whether everything with physiological value belongs to "beauty" or "ugliness" mainly depends on whether it has positive or negative value effects on human subjects, rather than whether it conforms to the aesthetic norms of society at that time. That is, the epistemological standard of beauty and ugliness must obey the axiological standard of beauty and ugliness.