Contents of neonatal physical examination
The physical examination of newborn can judge the physical condition of newborn, so what is the content of the physical examination of newborn?
Usually newborns can go to the hospital for physical examination after the full moon. Generally speaking, the physical examination of newborns mainly measures the height, weight and head circumference to judge the development of children. At the same time, listen to the heart and lungs, touch the abdomen, and judge whether there is any abnormality. You can also see if the navel is red, swollen and oozing. Conditional hospitals can show children whether they have torticollis and check their hearing and bone density at the same time.
Physical examination includes skin examination. Newborns usually have rosy skin, but in the first few hours after birth, the baby's fingers and toes may turn slightly blue due to poor blood circulation. If bone pressure destroys some adipose tissue, some hard lumps may appear on the baby's skin, which are common in the baby's head, cheeks and neck, especially where forceps have been used in the production process. These lumps may rupture to the skin surface and shed a little clear yellow liquid. Under normal circumstances, the healing speed will be very fast.
The purpose of neonatal physical examination
Newborn physical examination is of great significance to newborns, so what is the purpose of newborn physical examination?
In the first few days after the birth of a newborn, parents should ask a doctor for a detailed examination of the newborn. The main purpose is: to obtain the information of newborn's growth and development, so as to judge the gestational age and intrauterine growth of newborn as the basis for guiding nursing care; Found birth injury, asphyxia, infection and other perinatal critical situations. In order to facilitate timely treatment; Genetic syndrome and congenital malformation (such as cardiovascular malformation and anorectal joint dislocation). ) in order to make a treatment plan. Therefore, it is best to have two examinations within 1 week after the baby is born.
Newborns should have a comprehensive physical examination within 12 hours after birth to ensure their development and health. Neonatal physical examination includes physical examination and neuromuscular examination to judge the gestational age more accurately. The comparison between the measured neonatal size and the corresponding gestational age may provide important clues for some situations.
Neonatal physical examination sequence
Pay attention to the order of newborn physical examination, and don't get confused. So what is the order of newborn physical examination?
Do a physical examination first, that is, head circumference, height and weight. Then measure neonatal behavior. The behavioral measurement of newborn is divided into five parts: behavioral ability, passive muscle tension, active muscle tension, primitive reflex and general evaluation. Among them, there are six behavioral abilities, which are used to light stimulation; A response to cackling; Abiotic auditory directional response; Reaction to the red ball; Reaction to the speaking face; Reaction to comfort. There are four kinds of active muscle tension, namely, head upright reaction; Hold it by hand; Traction reflex; Support reflection.
It is important to know that the physical examination of the newborn is an important examination for the newborn, which is of great significance to fully understand the baby's physical condition, development, physiology and pathology, and is of guiding significance to the baby's future growth and development. Newborns should have a comprehensive physical examination within 12 hours after birth, including physical and neuromuscular examination, so as to judge the gestational age more accurately.
Physical examination method of newborn
Physical examination of newborns is very important. Newborns should have such an examination. What are the methods of neonatal physical examination?
There are ten standards for newborn health, such as necessary conditions for spontaneous breathing, precautions for initial breathing, physical examination, common diseases and so on. After the newborn is born, cry a few times first, and then start breathing with the lungs. Breathe 40-50 times per minute for the first two weeks; The neonatal pulse rate is 120- 140 beats per minute. At the same time, check the neonatal nerve reflex.
After the baby is born, it is necessary to check whether the nervous system is normal, mostly to check three important nerve reflexes of the newborn, including Moro reflex, rooting reflex and sucking reflex: Moro reflex, when the newborn is frightened, the upper and lower limbs will swing outward and forward at a slow speed, and the hands will stretch; Rooting reflex, touch one side of the baby's lips, and he will turn his head to the touched side. This reflection can help newborns find nipples; Sucking reflex, put something in the newborn's mouth, and he will start sucking at once.