2. Disc herniation: the annular uniformity of disc annulus is beyond the range of intervertebral space, and the disc tissue is not prominent locally.
3. The local displacement of the protruding intervertebral disc tissue exceeds the intervertebral space. The displaced intervertebral disc tissue is still connected with the original intervertebral disc tissue, and the diameter of the basal continuous part is larger than that of the displaced intervertebral disc part beyond the intervertebral space.
4. The diameter of the displaced intervertebral disc tissue is larger than the basal continuum and moves out of the intervertebral space. The protruding intervertebral disc tissue mass is larger than the ruptured intervertebral disc space and is located in the spinal canal through this crack.
In China, lumbar disc herniation is also called lumbar disc ring rupture, lumbar disc herniation, lumbar disc herniation and lumbar cartilage plate rupture. Although the names and meanings of the above diseases are different, the current unified title is: lumbar disc herniation.
Prevention of lumbar disc herniation 1. Prevention of lumbar disc herniation should start from school, family, work and pre-job training, so that every staff member can understand normal spinal physiology, correct labor posture, pay attention to labor protection, and avoid accelerating lumbar disc degeneration and injuries based on lumbar disc degeneration. Preventive measures should be taken from the following aspects: ① Regular health examination for teenagers or staff, and extensive publicity and education on prevention of lumbar disc herniation. (2) The labor department should stipulate the maximum workload of labor, so as to avoid spinal overload from promoting and accelerating degeneration. ③ Correct working posture, combining work and rest. ④ Strengthening muscles to exercise strong back muscles and balance the strength of spine can prevent back soft tissue injury and reduce the occurrence of lumbar disc herniation.
Second, conditioning
1. Correct bad posture and posture
(1) Sleep posture: People spend about 1/3 of their life in sleep, so long-term bad sleep posture can also lead to low back pain. Generally speaking, it is ideal to keep the head and neck in a natural supine position, and it is best to lie on a wooden bed (or with a wooden bed as the bottom and a Simmons mattress as the top), so that the knees and hips are slightly flexed. This posture can make the muscles, ligaments and joint capsules of the whole body relax and rest to the maximum extent. For people who are not used to lying on their backs, they can also take a lateral position, but this position is better for the head, neck and lower limbs. Prone position is unscientific in biomechanics and keeping respiratory tract unobstructed, and should be corrected. In addition, "the pillow should not be too high or too low, and it should be 7 ~ 9 cm according to everyone's situation." And the pillow width should be appropriate, don't hang your neck. When getting up in supine position, it is better to take the lateral position first, and then with the support of both upper limbs, make the trunk leave the bed surface, which is much more labor-saving than getting up in supine position.
(2) Standing posture: Workers who stand for a long time should stretch their arms and do squats, which can adjust the joints and muscles of the waist, eliminate fatigue and prolong the endurance of the waist muscles. Try to avoid working continuously in a fixed position. Workers who often need to stand for a long time (such as surgeons, nurses, traffic policemen, etc.). ) You should learn the "Standing Flat Waist Protection Method", that is, gently contract gluteal muscles, slightly bend your knees, then the pelvis leans forward, the abdominal muscles retract', and the lumbar lordosis flattens, so as to adjust the load-bearing line of the spine and achieve the purpose of eliminating pain and fatigue.
(3) Sitting posture: sedentary workers should not only pay attention to sitting posture, often move their legs, but also stand up from the sitting posture, so that the upper body leans forward and the feet are backward, so that the upper body strength is distributed on both feet, and then stand up.
(4) Delivery: Incorrect delivery posture can easily lead to lumbar disc herniation. Now list some correct working postures to help you prevent lumbar disc herniation. When carrying heavy objects, the chest and waist lean forward slightly, and the hips and knees bend slightly by 5. Make steady progress, but don't take big steps.
Postpartum prevention of lumbar disc herniation should do the following:
(1) Strengthen exercise and strengthen waist muscles. Long-term lack of physical exercise weakens the muscle strength of the waist and is not conducive to protecting the intervertebral disc. For example, before going to bed, the waist and buttocks are repeatedly raised in an arch shape, which can achieve certain results.
(2) Avoid emphasizing that the new mother has just given birth, and don't lift heavy objects or move too hard. Keep your body close to the object when you take something, and don't flash your waist.
(3) rest. Adequate sleep can help women recover their physical strength and muscle elasticity. Can't move heavy objects, reducing the chance of waist injury.
(4) Proper weight control. Most parturients gained significant weight after delivery, and abdominal obesity increased waist load. Of course, the body should not be too thin. Therefore, moderate weight is the best.
(5) keep warm. Postpartum women are weak and easy to catch cold, especially at the waist where they are stressed during pregnancy, so they are more likely to catch cold, so we should pay attention to keep warm.