Due to the complex composition of municipal solid waste and the influence of economic development level, energy structure, natural conditions and traditional habits, the treatment of municipal solid waste abroad is generally different from the national conditions, and it is difficult to have a unified model because different regions of a country often adopt different treatment methods. However, in the end, they all aim at harmlessness, resource utilization and reduction.
From the perspective of application technology, foreign countries mainly adopt landfill, incineration, composting and comprehensive utilization, which has a high degree of mechanization and forms a system and complete sets of equipment.
Judging from the situation of various treatment methods abroad, there are the following trends:
1. Due to the increasing shortage of energy and land resources in industrialized countries, the proportion of incineration treatment is gradually increasing;
2. As the final disposal method of garbage, landfill has always occupied a large proportion;
3. Most agricultural developing countries mainly use compost;
Other new technologies, such as pyrolysis, land reclamation, mountain piling and landscaping, are making continuous progress.
Incineration is a widely used municipal waste treatment technology in the world. Large-scale garbage incineration treatment system equipped with heat energy recovery device is gradually becoming the mainstream of incineration treatment because it meets the requirements of energy recovery. Foreign industrialized countries, especially Japan and Western Europe, are generally committed to promoting the application of waste incineration technology.
The extensive application of incineration technology abroad not only benefits from developed economy, large investment and high calorific value of garbage, but also lies in the maturity and advanced incineration technology and equipment. Many famous companies in the world have invested in the development of incineration technology and equipment, and the main equipment and auxiliary equipment are matched.
Foreign industrialized countries are mainly committed to improving the original incineration devices and developing new incinerators, making them develop in the direction of high efficiency, energy saving, low cost and low pollution, and the degree of automation is getting higher and higher.
China's urban garbage treatment started late. By the end of 1992, the national garbage removal capacity reached 1 1264000, while there were only 37 1 plant, with a total treatment capacity of 71501t/d.
In recent years, according to the actual situation, various localities have made beneficial explorations on urban garbage treatment technology from the aspects of countermeasures and planning. Hangzhou, Changzhou, Tianjin, Mianyang, Beijing, Wuhan and other cities have designed mechanical composting production lines with China characteristics on the basis of learning the technical experience of foreign cities.
The success of building waste incineration plants in Shenzhen, Leshan and other cities also provides experience for the application of incineration technology in various cities; Shenyang, Anshan and other cities have implemented unified management and centralized incineration of hospital waste, and also embarked on a new way of special waste treatment.
The technical countermeasures of municipal solid waste treatment in China are sanitary landfill and high-temperature composting, which will promote the development of incineration technology in cities with conditions, especially in coastal economically developed areas.
In recent years, cities have begun to carry out basic and applied research on waste incineration, developed small rotary waste incinerators including NF series reverse combustion, RF series pyrolysis and HL series, and built a number of simple incineration plants (stations) in small and medium-sized cities.
Extended data:
Garbage classification:
Since urban garbage contains a lot of renewable resources, environmental protection enterprises will be a new economic growth point. Why hasn't the source classification of garbage been comprehensively carried out? First of all, the source is not well coordinated, and the masses do not see the benefits brought by classification; Secondly, the problem of collection and transshipment after classification; Third, the recycling technology is backward. To this end, we must do the following:
1. Regularization of publicity and education. It is urgent to improve every citizen's awareness of environmental protection. The classification of garbage from the source involves thousands of households and every citizen, so people should realize that they are victims, producers and managers of pollution. In order to improve the ecological awareness and environmental ethics of China citizens, we need to publicize the benefits of classification and take decisive measures to improve the quality of citizens in the process.
2. Garbage removal enterprises. The removal and treatment of garbage has been changed into an enterprise operation mode, and public and private enterprises compete equally. Zhang Shuying of Pinggu uses waste foam to produce high-quality building materials. At the Beijing People's Congress, she said that she needed as much as she could, per kilogram 1.2 yuan. But who can send it to Pinggu? Whether the factory can set up a purchasing station in the urban-rural fringe, the collection and transportation team composed of laid-off workers will collect it free of charge from residential areas and send it to the enterprise purchasing station. The factory will evaluate the price according to the quality.
3. Environmental protection enterprises are scientific and technological. Armed environmental protection enterprises with high technology to avoid secondary pollution. Although environmental protection enterprises will become a new economic growth point in the 2 1 century and can absorb a large number of laid-off workers, they still need the active support of the government for environmental protection enterprises. If the government can formulate relevant incentive and preferential policies like the development zone, garbage disposal, a new industry, will certainly develop rapidly.
Baidu encyclopedia-urban garbage