A survey of the mental health status of minors in China Youth Research Center shows that 34.0% of schools have made mental health education a compulsory course, 14.3% have made mental health education an optional course, 32.6% have offered lectures on mental health education, 15.3% have conducted mental health education consultation and activities, and 7.5% have conducted mental health education.
At the same time, from February 65438+ in 2007 to October 65438+ in 2008, the Institute of Psychology of Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted a survey on the mental health status of minors in 12- 18. The results show that most of them are in good mental health, among which 18 is in good mental health. In addition, 13.8% and 2.3% have poor mental health.
Sun Yunxiao, a member of the research group of "China Minors' Mental Health Report", said that the psychological intervention of schools on minors is still very fragile. "Our investigation found that the school's psychological counselors have some political teachers, some counselors, and some other teachers who have taken the psychology degree. In short, when children have psychological problems, these counselors are still the children's teachers, so it is difficult to play the role of psychological counseling. Moreover, when children have serious psychological problems, the school has no ability to carry out psychotherapy. "Researcher Sun suggested that more humanized psychological counseling services should be set up in schools with reference to foreign forms, and the psychological counseling room of schools should contact professional hospitals. When a child's psychological problems are found to require a professional doctor, the school can contact the hospital in time.
According to this survey, mental health problems are common among teenagers at all stages. The phenomenon of unhealthy mood at this age is worrying. About 24% and 7% people have emotional disorders, and 2 1. 1% people have certain emotional problems. Although 55.2% people's emotional health is maintained at a normal level, its average value of 65,438+05.68% is much higher than the average value of 65,438+068 in China norm of CES-D scale.
Director Sun also has two survey results from other institutions in Shanghai. One is from the psychology department of East China Normal University. The detection rate of hostility, delusion, anxiety, compulsion, somatization, terror and depression among 65,438+06-25-year-old community teenagers is significantly higher than that of SCL-90 China norm, and the negative and indifferent degree of community teenagers to society is significantly higher than that of ordinary teenagers.
In addition, a survey conducted by Shanghai Primary and Secondary School Psychological Counseling Association a few years ago showed that the psychological problems of children aged 6- 1 1 cannot be ignored, and the detection rate of various behavioral disorders in this group was 23.2%, much higher than that of senior high school students (13.9%) and junior high school students (9. 1%). Among them, the incidence of attention deficit disorder, also known as ADHD, ranks first among all kinds of psychological problems in this group.
In this way, these three surveys basically covered the basic situation of young people of all ages in Shanghai. From the results of three surveys, it can be seen that mental health problems are common among teenagers of all ages. However, experts also pointed out to this journal that although there are problems, they show different characteristics in different stages of development. For example, the main mental health problem of 6- 1 1 year-old is ADHD; 1 1- 18 years old is an emotional disorder, and 16-25 years old is mainly characterized by social attitude adaptation.
Before going to the Academy of Social Sciences, the reporter searched online for some data about teenagers' psychological problems. For example, the results of a sample survey show that 20.23% people have different degrees of mental health disorders. Based on this, it is estimated that there are about 200 million primary and secondary school students in China with various mental health problems, as high as 30 million to 40 million; According to reports, mental health workers in Zhejiang Province investigated the mental health status of 296 1 primary and secondary school students in different types of schools in urban and rural areas of the province, and found that 16.7% of the students had serious mental health problems, including junior high school students 13.67%, senior high school students 18.7% and college students 25.39. For this difference, Dr. Bao believes that although mental health is paid more and more attention by society, especially parents, we can't simply classify it, let alone rashly classify ordinary or short-term psychological adaptation problems as mental unhealthy. The standardized depression scale CES-D used by China Academy of Social Sciences in this survey.
The survey of China Academy of Social Sciences also shows that the stress faced by teenagers is directly related to their mental health. Among them, study pressure ranks first, followed by love pressure, health pressure, family relationship pressure and interpersonal relationship pressure. The results of this survey show that most emotional problems of children in this age group are related to academic pressure. Learning stress not only ranks first among all kinds of stressors that affect mental health, but also shows a trend of increasing with age.
According to Director Sun, they are planning a large-scale survey recently, which may be rolled out before May at the earliest. This is an important topic of the Propaganda Department of Shanghai Municipal Committee. It is said that the scale of this survey is larger than last time, and the age of the respondents is wider, among which the mental health survey is an important part of this survey.
Investigation on adolescent psychological counseling industry
"I hope someone can help me, but I never know who I can find to help me!" This may be the confusion of many people who are suffering from mental distress. Shortly after entering the university, Xiao Rui heard the first report provided by the school's psychological counseling room, only to know that she could seek the help of a "psychological counselor". Psychological counselor, psychological counseling room, psychological hotline, etc.
Sun, deputy director of the Youth Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, said that in recent years, the psychological counseling industry in Shanghai has developed rapidly, and universities, primary and secondary schools, hospitals, communities and non-governmental organizations have opened various psychological counseling services. These institutions have played an important role in protecting the mental health of teenagers. At present, there are more than 80 psychological consultation rooms and more than 20 mental health consultation hotlines in Shanghai. Take universities as an example. According to the statistics of Shanghai College Psychological Counseling Association, as of June 2004, there were more than 200 college psychological counselors in the city. Of the 23 undergraduate colleges, 2 1 have carried out normal mental health education and psychological counseling, among which 18 are sound psychological counseling institutions.
To be sure, due to the existence of these psychological counselors and people's increasing concern for teenagers' mental health, a considerable number of teenagers benefit from their psychological confusion. In addition, psychological counseling is gradually accepted by more people.
Bao is a consultant in the psychological counseling room of Tongji University in Shanghai. According to him, there are currently six professional counselors in the psychological counseling room of Tongji University, and the lineup has expanded a lot compared with previous years. And their psychological counseling room has been ignored by people from the past to today. According to Mr. Bao's preliminary statistics, last semester (the second half of 2005), he personally received more than 100 students, with an average of about100 students per week. Compared with the past, their workload is getting bigger and bigger.
Teacher Bao began to engage in psychological counseling on 200 1. At that time, few students took the initiative to consult. At that time, talking with classmates about psychological counseling was taboo for college students. Seeing a psychiatrist seems to be a kind of "neuropathy" and will be gossiped by others. Therefore, even if students come to consult, they will put forward special requirements for teachers and ask for anonymity. Now, it is very common for all students in a dormitory to get together with a pair of good friends for psychological counseling. In the university campus, it is a matter that most students agree or take for granted that psychological counselors participate in their own growth and help them deal with their troubles in interpersonal communication, study and self-exploration.
Dr. Xu, who has been counseling teenagers for four or five years, agrees with this view. "Now they are all only children, and parents pay more attention to all aspects of children's health, so there are still quite a few parents who take their children to see a psychologist."
On July 18, 2005, the first provincial and municipal psychological correction professional committee of the national prison system was established in Shanghai. In fact, the introduction of psychological correction in the reform of criminals began in the late 1980s. Only in recent years, prison systems all over the country have paid more attention to this problem and organized special personnel training, hoping to reform criminals' minds while reforming through labor. Both the Department of Psychology of East China Normal University and Shanghai Juvenile Correctional Institution have a topic about "aggressive personality correction".
According to Geng Wenxiu, a professor of psychology at East China Normal University who participated in the project, they have organized many group trainings and intervened through psychological channels to tell these mentally retarded teenagers some problem-solving skills, thus improving their self-control ability.
Many aggressive juvenile offenders in juvie have benefited from this topic. For example, the above-mentioned 15-year-old murderer began to participate in the group training program of "aggressive personality correction" jointly carried out by East China Normal University and Juvenile Delinquency Institute in June 2004. During the four-month implementation, he participated in projects such as Qi Mei Stick, Evolution and My Important Person, which made him deeply understand. Afterwards, he sincerely said to the discipline: "Through group training, I feel that many things in the world are precious and may not have been noticed before. I am very grateful to the teachers for helping me like this. "
Of course, in the field of psychological counseling, compared with western developed countries, we are just at the beginning at best, and there is still a big gap. At present, these figures about psychological counseling are not commendable. Relevant data show that there are 550 psychological counseling service personnel in the United States with a population of one million, and 50- 100 in developing countries. In Shanghai with a population of one million, there are only about 10 psychological counselors, and there are even fewer psychological counselors specializing in adolescent psychological counseling. Moreover, because the practitioners of various psychological counseling are mostly amateur or part-time teachers, there is a lack of specialized professional training. In addition, they often have the characteristics of unclear self-positioning and vague clients, and the departments that can provide professional psychological support for teenagers are still quite limited. Therefore, how to combine social resources to further develop relevant forces in the future and truly protect the mental health of minors is not only the long-term goal of Shanghai psychological counseling institutions, but also an indispensable part of the ideological and moral construction of teenagers.
Due to the existence and demand of potential huge consumer groups, the psychological counseling market is hot at present. Getting a psychological counselor's certificate and opening a psychological counseling clinic have become a promising career plan for many people.
As a professional adolescent psychological counselor, Dr. Xu Zhening is very emotional. She believes that there are still some problems in the professional ability, basic quality and qualification of many psychological counselors, and some amateur or part-time psychological counselors lack specialized professional training. In addition, at present, the domestic psychological counselor examination is not strict with the qualifications of students, and it pursues short, flat and fast results. According to Dr. Xu, if you want to get a foreign psychological counselor certificate, you first need to have a medical study background, and the requirements are quite strict.