risk factor
Risk factors refer to the reasons or conditions that affect the occurrence, possibility or loss degree of a specific risk accident. Risk factors are the potential causes of risk accidents. For example, for buildings, risk factors refer to the quality of building materials used and the stability of building structures. For people, it refers to health and age.
According to the nature of risk factors, it can be divided into tangible risk factors and intangible risk factors.
1, physical risk factors
Tangible risk factors, also known as substantive risk factors, refer to factors that a target has enough to cause risk accidents or increase the probability of loss or aggravate the degree of loss, such as the geographical location of buildings and the nature of building materials used.
2. Intangible risk factors
Intangible risk factors are related to human psychology or behavior, including moral risk factors and psychological risk factors. Among them, moral hazard factors refer to intangible factors related to people's moral cultivation, that is, factors that cause property losses and personal casualties due to people's dishonesty or bad intentions. Psychological risk factors are intangible factors related to people's psychological state. Although there is no subjective intention, they increase the probability of risk accidents or increase the severity of losses due to negligence, negligence or indifference. Moral risk factors and psychological risk factors are closely related to people, which can also be called human risk factors.
(2) Risk accidents
Risk accident refers to an accidental event that causes personal injury or property loss, and is the direct or external cause of loss. Before the accident, risk is only an uncertain state, and the occurrence of risk accidents will eventually lead to losses. For example, a car accident caused by brake failure leads to car crash and death, in which brake failure is a risk factor and car accident is a risk accident. If only the brakes failed and there was no accident, there would be no casualties.
(3) Loss
In the field of risk management, the meaning of loss refers to the unintentional, unexpected and unplanned reduction of economic value, that is, economic loss, which is generally manifested as the loss of ownership, expected income, expenses and responsibilities. The result of mental attack, political persecution, devaluation, etc., generally can not be regarded as a loss.
In insurance practice, losses are often divided into direct losses and indirect losses. The loss of property itself and personal injury caused by risk accidents are called direct losses; Other losses caused by direct losses are called indirect losses, including extra cost losses, income losses and liability losses, and sometimes indirect losses may exceed direct losses.
As can be seen from the above, the existence of risk factors may lead to risk accidents and eventually lead to losses. For a specific event, the direct cause of loss is a risk accident. For example, road accidents caused by hail make roads slippery and cause casualties. Hail is a risk factor, and car accidents are risk accidents. If it is the direct cause of the loss, such as hail directly hurting pedestrians, hail is a risk accident.
Legal basis:
law of contract
Article 142 The risk of damage or loss of the agreed subject matter shall be borne by the seller before delivery and by the buyer after delivery, unless otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties.
If the subject matter cannot be delivered within the agreed time limit due to the buyer's reasons, the buyer shall bear the risk of damage or loss of the subject matter from the date of breach of contract.
Unless otherwise agreed by both parties, the risk of damage or loss shall be borne by the buyer from the time the contract is established.