Guobule CPO physiological health network
Esophageal cancer refers to malignant tumors that occur in the neck, chest and abdomen of esophagus. There are three forms of diffusion and metastasis of esophageal cancer:
① Direct diffusion: Generally, it spreads to the lower layer along the mucosa. Because there is no serosa in the esophagus, if the myometrium is involved, the lesion can easily penetrate the myometrium, extend inside and outside the esophagus, and invade adjacent organs such as lung, trachea, bronchus, pleura, pericardium and aorta.
② Lymphatic metastasis: Metastasis generally occurs earlier, with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma more common, and it can metastasize to supraclavicular region, hilar lymph nodes, posterior mediastinum, subphrenic and abdominal lymph nodes.
③ Blood metastasis: Metastasis generally occurs late, and the common metastatic sites are stomach, liver, lung, kidney, pleura, peritoneum, adrenal gland and pancreas.
At the early stage of esophageal cancer, there are symptoms such as choking sensation, swallowing pain, pharyngeal tightness, retrosternal pain, esophageal foreign body sensation, chest tightness, slow stagnation of food passage, subxiphoid process, upper abdominal pain and so on. When esophageal cancer develops to the middle and late stage, it can cause progressive dysphagia, aggravated obstruction, obvious cachexia and metastasis.
Diagnosis:
X-ray barium fluoroscopy and esophagography are important methods for localized diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Esophageal dragnet examination can take exfoliated cells and biopsy for pathological examination, which is the main method of diagnosis.
Treatment:
After the diagnosis of esophageal cancer, you should go to the hospital for specialist treatment in time. Esophageal cancer is usually treated by surgery in the early stage, and patients who are not suitable for surgery in the middle and late stage are often treated by $ {60} $ cobalt or linear accelerator radiotherapy.
Prevention:
The prevention of esophageal cancer is mainly related to diet and mood. Usually do not eat moldy food, eat less pickled products, eat less fried smoked food; Eat more fresh meat, fruits and vegetables, and then quit smoking and drinking. We should have an optimistic attitude towards life, make the best use of the situation to eliminate all kinds of unfavorable factors, learn to adjust our emotions when we are consciously bored, and free our spirit from depression.
Can esophageal cancer lead to constipation?
Esophageal cancer refers to the primary cancer of esophagus, including squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated small cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma and so on. The clinical manifestations are dysphagia, discomfort behind the sternum when eating, friction, slight pain or foreign body retention, swallowing pain, emaciation and cachexia, and some patients may have constipation. The causes of constipation in patients with esophageal cancer are complicated. First, patients eat less because of dysphagia or pain, especially foods with high cellulose content, which weaken the mechanical, chemical and temperature stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract, reduce the excitability of gastrointestinal mucosal receptors and reduce peristalsis. Another reason is that the patient is tired and weak, the amount of exercise is reduced, the activity level of various systems of the human body is reduced, the intestinal smooth muscle is in a relaxed state, and the colon movement is weakened, resulting in too long retention time of feces in the intestine, too much water absorption, and difficulty in excreting feces.
Which esophageal cancer patients will have constipation?
Esophageal cancer belongs to the category of choking diaphragm disease in traditional Chinese medicine. Its basic pathogenesis is esophageal obstruction and failure of stomach qi, but it can be divided into deficiency of both qi and blood. The criteria of this disease are qi stagnation, phlegm obstruction, blood stasis and their mutual hybridity. The origin of the disease refers to the deficiency of body fluid, blood consumption and yin and yang deficiency. Generally, blood stasis type, yin deficiency type and spleen and kidney yang deficiency type are prone to constipation. The basic mechanism of constipation is the lack of body fluid and water, or the failure of qi and yang, which can not be promoted. Constipation caused by heat toxin is rare.
What is the performance of constipation in blood stasis esophageal cancer and how to treat it?
Blood stasis is a common syndrome of esophageal cancer, with more constipation symptoms. The clinical manifestations are constipation, dry knot like a ball, abdominal distension, chest and diaphragm pain, limited pain, dysphagia, even difficulty in drinking water, dull complexion, dull nail skin, belching discomfort, dark tongue or ecchymosis. Treatment can be modified with Tongyou Decoction. This recipe promotes blood circulation, removes blood stasis, nourishes blood and moistens dryness, attacks and supplements, eliminates evil without hurting righteousness, and strengthens the body and does not love evil. If the patient vomits and has difficulty swallowing immediately after taking the medicine, he can take it with Yushudan or Liushen Pill, and then take it frequently.
What performance does esophageal cancer constipation with yin deficiency and body fluid deficiency have, and how to treat it?
Constipation of esophageal cancer with yin deficiency and fluid deficiency is the most common, with dry stool, dysphagia, difficulty in eating, even dripping water, dysphagia, obvious pain, vomiting after eating, spitting, thirst, dry throat, emaciation, hot flashes and night sweats, red tongue with little fluid and little or no moss. The main treatment is nourishing yin and moistening dryness, increasing fluid and relaxing bowels. According to the different conditions of different patients, choose the following methods.
(1) If the yin deficiency is dominant and the stool is difficult, Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Ophiopogonis can be decocted in water with 65,438+00 ~ 20g each, and taken several times a day. If the stool is difficult, add 10g sodium sulfate above the stool.
② If the vaginal fluid is exhausted and the heat pathogen is still strong, Qingying Decoction can be used to add and subtract. The formula uses 20-30g of buffalo horn powder (instead of rhinoceros horn), Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Rehmanniae, Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Folium Bambusae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, etc. This can clear away heat and nourish yin, and turn heat into qi. It's a prescription for clearing and tonifying, and there is no laxative in the prescription. It is reported that Qingying decoction can be used to treat cancer pain and has good curative effect.
③ For people with deficiency of qi and body fluid, mental fatigue and dry stool, Radix Astragali, Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Scrophulariae, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Fructus Trichosanthis, Semen Persicae, dried toad skin and Radix Codonopsis can be used.
How to use rhubarb in patients with esophageal cancer constipation?
Rhubarb is one of the commonly used drugs for constipation in traditional Chinese medicine, which has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, breaking stagnation and removing blood stasis, and is mainly used for heat constipation. Esophageal cancer patients often have mixed syndromes of deficiency and excess, and those with simple heat depression are rare, often due to yin deficiency. Therefore, rhubarb is not suitable for constipation due to yin deficiency, but it can be combined with other drugs. For example, Zengye Chengqi Decoction is composed of rhubarb, licorice, mirabilite, Scrophularia, Ophiopogon japonicus and Radix Rehmanniae, and has the functions of increasing fluid, promoting fluid production and relaxing bowels. If the patient with esophageal cancer has obvious abdominal distension and constipation is the main pain, you can use raw rhubarb to soak in water instead of tea, but you should stop taking it immediately after taking it, and it is not advisable to take it for a long time, otherwise the patient's health will be worse.
What is the clinical manifestation of constipation due to deficiency of spleen and kidney yang in esophageal cancer and how to treat it?
Spleen in soil, kidney in fire and water. Only when the spleen is warmed by the Yang Can of the kidney can it transport and transform normally. Generally speaking, yang deficiency of spleen and kidney is more common in loose stool or diarrhea, but constipation can also occur. Patients with esophageal cancer have dry stools, unfavorable or long urination, epigastric pain, warm pressure, difficulty in eating, shortness of breath, cold limbs, edema of lower limbs, light and fat tongue with teeth marks, and thin and white tongue coating. Constipation due to yang deficiency of spleen and kidney is due to insufficient yang, which can not be warmed up and the intestine can not be promoted. Most constipation is characterized by hard stool at first, which is difficult to discharge. Wu Ye Pill can be used to warm spleen and kidney yang, invigorate qi and relieve constipation. It can be used to add and subtract aconite, dried ginger, cinnamon, Evodia rutaecarpa, asarum, ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala, Amomum villosum, Paeonia lactiflora, dried tangerine peel, Cistanche deserticola and Angelica sinensis, and it can also be used to grind into fine powder. Sulfur is pungent, belonging to the essence of fire, which has the effect of warming yang and relaxing bowels, but it is strong and toxic, so it should be used with caution, and it is best to take it under the guidance of Chinese medicine.