Patient care
Personal hygiene care and help for patients who have lost self-care ability. The purpose of patient health care is: ① to remove necrotic tissue, microorganisms, secretions and other dirt. ② Stimulate blood circulation, relax muscles, make patients feel comfortable and help to restore energy. (3) change the patient's condition and eliminate the bad smell. ④ Prevention of bedsore and cross infection. ⑤ It is convenient to observe the condition.
Taking inpatients as an example, medical care includes the following contents:
Nursing patients should wash their hair, have a haircut, take a bath, change clothes and cut their nails in the reception room before entering the ward. Patients with ticks should be eliminated.
Morning and evening care Morning care includes brushing your teeth and gargling, washing your face and hands, wiping your back with warm water, massaging and pressing the parts with 50% alcohol, combing your hair, making the bed, and changing the polluted laundry list, all of which should be completed before breakfast. Evening care is done after dinner, such as helping to wash your face and rinse your mouth. Make patients feel clean and comfortable, and fall asleep easily. If the patient stays up all night because of the pain of the disease and is tired, he can also observe the condition during the morning and evening nursing.
Care before and after meals, help patients wash their hands before meals, and help old and young patients sit up. Make the bed after supper and keep it tidy. Patients with high fever should rinse their mouths before and after meals.
Nursing care of different parts includes the following contents.
Oral care: The oral cavity is warm and humid, with food residues, which is the most favorable place for bacterial reproduction. Patients should brush their teeth sooner or later, and brushing their teeth at night is more important than brushing their teeth in the morning. If you have removable dentures, you should wash your hands and take them off, rinse them with cold water, rinse your mouth and then put them on.
Shampooing: For patients who can't take care of themselves, nurses should assist in shampooing once every 1 ~ 2 weeks in bed, and the water temperature is 43 ~ 45℃. Pay attention to cover the patient's eyes, double earplugs and cotton balls when shampooing, and dry the hair after shampooing. If the patient's complexion, breathing and pulse are abnormal when washing hair, the operation should be stopped.
Bathing: For patients who can't take a shower or bath, they can take a bath in bed, which can promote blood circulation and skin excretion, but the following points should be noted: ① The room temperature should not be lower than 2 1℃. The water temperature is 40 ~ 43℃. (2) Don't let the patient in, and close the doors and windows. (3) Take a bath lightly and cover the patient with a big towel at any time to avoid catching cold. ④ Wrap your hands with a wet towel when taking a bath. ⑤ Replace hot water in time. ⑥ Replace underwear and quilt cover after bathing.
Skin care around the hole: Skin care around the hole is particularly important for patients with various pipe drainage and stoma. The skin at the mouth of the pipeline is often polluted and stimulated by drainage fluid, which is easy to be infected. Therefore, vaseline or zinc oxide ointment should be applied to the skin around the hole to protect the skin. Deal with the infection in time when it is found.
Killing lice: If there are body lice, the changed clothes can be steamed, boiled or marked with malathion chalk according to the quality. People with crabs can shave their hair, wrap it in paper and burn it. People with head lice can kill lice with Stemona.
Nursing care of special patients Coma patients should strengthen oral care and turn over to wipe their backs. Prevent bedsores. Incontinence patients should change soiled bedding in time.
Elderly patients have low physical resistance, many complications, slow sensory response and inactivity. It is necessary to strengthen skin care for elderly patients to prevent bedsores.
Children's defense mechanism is poor, they are prone to diseases, and their awareness of cleanliness is not strong. Therefore, it is necessary to guide children to wash their hands after defecation, before and after meals and before going to bed. Take a bath often. At this time, the room temperature is about 25℃ and the water temperature is about 38 ~ 40℃. The principle is hot, not hot.