What health checkups must middle-aged and elderly people do?

For the physical characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people, the following examination items can generally be considered: Transcranial Doppler: understanding the blood flow of intracranial and extracranial blood vessels, cerebral arterial rings and their branches, and dynamically monitoring cerebrovascular diseases. Liver function: check whether the metabolic function of the liver is normal and whether there is liver damage. Fasting blood sugar: check diabetes and hypoglycemia; It is also the basic method for screening diabetes. Four blood lipids: the concentration of blood lipids is closely related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This examination is helpful for the diagnosis of arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and nephrotic syndrome. Carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound: early detection of arterial vascular lesions provides objective hemodynamic basis for effectively preventing and reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Cancer antigen 19-9(CA 19-9): Screening and curative effect monitoring of pancreatic cancer, biliary tract tumor, gastrointestinal cancer, etc. Four trace elements: detect the levels of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in the body and observe the recent nutrition situation. Tumors: Check the heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, intestine and nervous system for abnormalities. Bone mineral density: to judge whether there is osteoporosis and the degree of osteoporosis. Ophthalmic examination+slit lamp, fundus: check whether the vision is normal, whether there is ametropia, color blindness, etc. Abdominal ultrasound (color Doppler ultrasound): Check whether the structure and morphology of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and kidney are normal. Lung function examination: check whether lung function and respiratory movement are normal and whether there are abnormal symptoms. Alpha-fetoprotein: a tumor marker of primary liver cancer.