(1) iodine is the main component of thyroid hormone synthesis, and goiter will occur if it is lacking.
(2) Zinc affects physical development. Zinc deficiency can lead to loss of appetite, growth retardation and stunting, so it is easy to become a dwarf.
(3) Iron is the main component of hemoglobin synthesis.
(4) Calcium mainly exists in human bones and teeth and is a solid structural support in human body, so it is called white "reinforced concrete" in human body.
Therefore, the answer is: (1) iodine; (2) zinc; (3) iron; (4) calcium.