Tuberculosis is one of the most harmful diseases to human health in history. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the "white plague"-tuberculosis mercilessly took the lives of countless people. Until the advent of 1945 streptomycin, tuberculosis was no longer an incurable disease. With the emergence of antibiotics, BCG and chemicals, tuberculosis was once well controlled. But in recent years, tuberculosis has resurfaced all over the world. Since 2000, 2 million people worldwide have died of tuberculosis every year, and nearly10 million people have been newly infected with tuberculosis. At present, about 550 million people in China are infected with tuberculosis, with an infection rate of 44.5%. There are more than 5 million active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in China, ranking second in the world, 80% of whom are in rural areas. There are about 65438 0.45 million new patients in China every year, of which 65438 0.3 million died of tuberculosis and its complications, and about 65438 0.4 were drug-resistant. Since March 2005, tuberculosis has surpassed rabies for the first time to become the disease with the highest mortality among Class A and B infectious diseases. Due to the drug resistance of tuberculosis bacteria and the variation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the threat of this disease has increased, and tuberculosis has become a fatal infectious disease. Untreated TB patients are the most dangerous source of infection. Once TB patients are treated, their infectivity can be rapidly reduced. Therefore, it is urgent to find and treat tuberculosis patients in time. Pay attention to hygiene, do not spit everywhere, vaccinate BCG in childhood, combine work and rest, and strengthen exercise. It can prevent tuberculosis very well.
China is a high incidence area of hepatitis B, and the population infection rate is about 60%, of which 10% is a chronic hepatitis B virus carrier. Therefore, more than 700 million people in China have been infected with hepatitis B virus, of which about 65.438+300 million people are carriers of hepatitis B virus. About 25% of hepatitis B virus carriers will eventually turn into chronic hepatitis, including cirrhosis and liver cancer, resulting in about 300,000 deaths every year, half of which are due to liver cancer. Because there is no specific treatment for hepatitis B, once it comes on, it can only be treated symptomatically. The direct cost of hepatitis treatment in China exceeds 654.38+000 billion yuan every year. If a person is infected with hepatitis B virus, it will not only seriously affect physical and mental health, interfere with normal life, affect further education, employment and marriage, but also bring a heavy economic burden to the family. At the same time, chronic hepatitis B virus carriers can't see the appearance of illness, and I don't feel uncomfortable, but these people can pass the virus on to healthy people. Hepatitis B virus mainly spreads diseases through blood-borne transmission, mother-to-child transmission, iatrogenic transmission, sexual contact transmission and intimate contact. As long as the hepatitis B vaccine is inoculated as soon as possible and the transmission route is cut off, hepatitis B can be well prevented.
Rabies, also known as mad dog disease phobia, is a disease caused by rabies virus infection, characterized by acute, progressive and almost irreversible encephalomyelitis. Injured dogs take two to eight weeks to get sick, and some take decades to get sick. Once they get sick, the mortality rate is as high as 100%. Rabies virus is an acute infectious disease of human and animals. Besides dogs and cats, many animals such as foxes, wolves, pigs, rats, rabbits, cows and bats can be infected with rabies, and some seemingly "healthy" dogs may carry rabies virus. In recent years, the incidence of rabies in China has increased rapidly. One of the main reasons is that the number of dogs in urban and rural areas has increased greatly, but the immunization rate of dogs is very low and there are many loopholes in management. Dog injuries occur from time to time. A considerable number of people have not treated their wounds according to the regulations and have not been vaccinated with rabies vaccine and antiserum, making rabies one of the main diseases of infectious diseases. Before March, 2005, the death rate of rabies had been the first among the legal infectious diseases in China for seven consecutive years. The number of people vaccinated against rabies due to animal bites in China is about 80-1000000 each year, and the direct medical expenses for treating wounds, injecting vaccines and antiserum are about1.50-200 million yuan. The prevalence of rabies is not only a health problem, but also directly related to social civilization and the perfection of laws and regulations. To prevent the epidemic of rabies, dogs should be managed and immunized first, and domestic pets should be injected with animal vaccines regularly. If a person is bitten or scratched by an animal, the wound should be treated immediately and vaccinated. Rabies is a "preventable and incurable" disease, so it is particularly important to do a good job of prevention. 2705
AIDS is a serious infectious disease with high mortality. There is no cure at present, but it can be prevented. The medical name of AIDS is "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" (AIDS), which is a serious infectious disease caused by HIV. HIV spreads diseases from mother to child through sexual contact, blood and its products. After the virus invades the human body, it destroys the human immune function, causes many incurable infections and tumors in the human body, and finally leads to death. HIV-infected people's blood, semen, vaginal secretions, milk and wound exudates all contain a large number of HIV, which is highly contagious. Infected people can develop into AIDS patients after an incubation period of 7- 10 years. Before that, they looked normal and could live and work asymptomatic, but they could spread the virus to others. 1985 the first case of AIDS was discovered in China, and now it has reached 840,000. The annual growth rate of AIDS patients is as high as 40-58%. It is far from the control target of the average annual increase of HIV infection rate 10% proposed by the state and governments at all levels. If it is not well controlled, there will be 100000 HIV-infected people in China by 20 10. It is an indisputable fact that AIDS has brought premature death and disability, reduced life expectancy, heavy family and social burden, improved comprehensive national strength and serious damage to the country's international reputation. And AIDS is a political issue related to national rejuvenation and even national security. Every citizen should attach importance to and carry out prevention work with a high sense of social responsibility and political responsibility in order to curb the spread of AIDS.
Sexually transmitted diseases include gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes and AIDS. After the founding of New China, the government attached great importance to the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, which decreased rapidly and disappeared in the mid-1950s. However, since 1980, sexually transmitted diseases reappeared in China and spread rapidly. Sexually transmitted diseases are the most serious and widespread infectious diseases that harm human beings. It not only harms personal health, but also harms family, future generations and society. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases has posed a serious threat to people's health and social development. Sexually transmitted diseases endanger human health in many ways. If not found in time and treated thoroughly, they will damage human reproductive organs, lead to infertility, even damage the heart, brain and even death. Some sexually transmitted diseases are difficult to cure once they are infected. A considerable number of patients with sexually transmitted diseases have mild or no obvious symptoms, but they can be transmitted to other healthy people through sexually transmitted diseases. STD prevention and treatment is a very social work. While mobilizing all walks of life to pay close attention to comprehensive treatment, strengthening the popularization of STD knowledge and improving people's self-protection ability are effective ways to prevent and control sexually transmitted diseases.
The incidence and mortality of the above-mentioned major infectious diseases affecting people's health are very high. In order to make ourselves, family and friends happy and healthy, and for the progress and development of society, let's all take action, pay attention to infectious diseases, stay away from infectious diseases and build a harmonious and healthy home.
Qi Kang net