Major: 20 12 economics.
Student ID: 2012 * * * * * * *
Student name: * * *
Lecturer: * * *
Changes in environmental quality caused by human activities on the surrounding environment, and the impact of such changes on human production, life and health. In the process of transforming the natural environment and creating the social environment, the natural environment is still changing with its inherent natural laws. On the one hand, the social environment is restricted by the natural environment and moves with its internal laws. Human beings and the environment constantly interact, resulting in environmental problems. Global warming is an indisputable fact, and climate change has become a major challenge for the sustainable development of human society. The government of China reported its latest ideas and countermeasures to the highest authorities.
Key words: global environmental problems, greenhouse effect, resource shortage, environmental damage, China, coping strategies.
I. Global environmental issues
Environmental problems have become one of the severe challenges facing mankind. It mainly includes primary environmental problems and secondary environmental problems.
Primary environmental problems are called primary environmental problems, which are caused by changes in the natural environment itself, with little or no human factors involved. This kind of environmental problem is naturally induced. Only after a long period of natural accumulation, or mainly under the control of natural forces, people lose their control ability and cause certain damage to human society. These environmental problems include earthquakes, volcanic activities, landslides, mudslides, typhoons, floods and droughts. Faced with these problems, we can prevent and reduce the damage during the day.
(2) Secondary environmental problems are environmental problems caused by human activities acting on the surrounding environment, also known as secondary environmental problems. It is mainly the problem of environmental decline caused by unreasonable utilization of resources by human beings and the problem of environmental pollution caused by industrial development. (1) environmental damage, environmental damage, also known as ecological damage. It mainly refers to the ecological degradation caused by human social activities and the related environmental effects derived from it, which leads to the changes of environmental structure and function and has a negative impact on human survival and development. . (2) Environmental pollution and interference. Environmental pollution refers to the phenomenon that harmful substances or factors enter the environment, and spread, migrate and transform in the environment, changing the structure and function of the environmental system and adversely affecting the normal survival and development of human beings or other organisms.
Global warming is an indisputable fact.
"Global warming is an indisputable fact", [1] "The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased from 280ppm (one millionth unit) before the industrial revolution to 379ppm in 2005, which exceeded the natural variation range of the past 650,000 years, and the average global surface temperature rose by 0.74℃ in the last hundred years". [2]
What are the causes of global climate change?
"There are both natural factors and human factors. Human factors are mainly caused by human activities since the industrial revolution, especially economic activities in the process of industrialization in developed countries. Greenhouse gases emitted by human activities such as fossil fuel burning, deforestation and land use change have led to a significant increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration and enhanced greenhouse effect, thus causing global warming. " Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said: "Since 1750, the world has emitted more than one trillion tons of carbon dioxide/kloc-0, of which developed countries have emitted about 80%." [3]
2. Biodiversity is decreasing.
In modern human life, species have disappeared at a natural rate of 65,438+0,000 ~ 65,438+0,000 times, which is the largest period of animal and plant extinction since the dinosaur extinction at the end of Yum! 65 million years ago. The root cause of species extinction is that the increase of population density leads to the deterioration of the natural environment in which animals and plants live. Coastal wetlands have bred two-thirds of the commercially caught fish in the world, and the biodiversity density of coral reefs is second only to tropical rainforests, ranking second in the world. However, the gradual invasion and pollution of human beings have made the environment in coastal areas worse and worse: it is roughly estimated that the global 1/2 salt marshes and mangrove swamps have disappeared or been completely changed, and two-thirds of the global coral reefs have been degraded, among which the 10 arc is "unrecognizable". With the continuation of coastal migration, coastal residents may account for the proportion of the world population within 30 years.
75%- the environmental pressure it produces is very low.