First, the separation of "Chinese style"
With the end of the Spring Festival holiday, those who go home for the New Year have returned to the city one after another. The annual party and the annual parting are called "Chinese-style" parting by netizens.
In my opinion, for adults, the "Chinese-style" separation also contains the meaning of struggling away from home (studying or working) to some extent-all the hot topics on the Internet now are about the old father and mother of workers leaving the city-then, for minors, the "Chinese-style" separation has a lot of helplessness. Parents can't take their children to study in the city, but they have to leave their young children to study in the city, or even if their children have been studying in the city for many years, they can only go back to their hometown from the city because they can't study in the city.
This is the biggest problem of "Chinese style" separation. It is also the biggest difference from other countries-in other countries, adult children and parents are separated, so it is impossible to work and live together all the time, but underage children usually don't leave their parents. As guardians of minor children, the law stipulates that guardians must fulfill their guardianship responsibilities. At the same time, the government has also created a good learning, medical security and social welfare environment for minor children who move with their parents, so that children can have a complete school education and family education.
The Investigation and Analysis Report on Family Education Activities of Rural Left-behind Children issued by the All-China Women's Federation and the National Organizing Committee for Caring for Children Series shows that there are about 58 million rural left-behind children in China, including about 40 million rural left-behind children under 14 years old. Being away from their parents for a long time, 45. 1% left-behind children "feel lonely", and more than 30% children have mental health problems. Due to the long-term lack of parental care, left-behind children have a serious phenomenon of "family hunger". In the survey, quite a few children want to say "Mom and Dad, I miss you so much" to their parents.
Every Spring Festival, for left-behind children, may be a psychological shock-some children's parents did not go home, and children only survived the Spring Festival in disappointment. According to media reports, some migrant workers haven't gone home for the Spring Festival for 10 years to look after their children. This year's CCTV special report also mentioned that a 7-year-old left-behind girl in Jiang 'an County, Sichuan Province took care of her 5-year-old brother, and her exercise book was full of "missing her mother". Some children's parents went home for the New Year, but within a few days, their parents packed their bags and went out to work. Of course, their parents will not give up their children, and the children are even more reluctant. Both parents are adults, and they can still bear this kind of parting. How do underage children face this short reunion?
The All-China Women's Federation called on migrant workers to bring their children. However, how many migrant workers don't want to take their children? It's not that they don't want to bring it, but that they don't have the conditions or the environment doesn't allow it. In 2008, the State Council, China explicitly asked local governments to solve the problem of compulsory education for migrant workers' children on the principle of "inflow first, public affairs first", which created "policy conditions" for migrant workers to bring their children into the city. However, this policy has not been implemented in some areas, and many places have set corresponding thresholds for their children to attend school. In addition, due to the limited public education resources, some places, including Beijing, have to make progress in their studies.
This is only a question of compulsory education and exams after compulsory education, which has a greater impact on whether migrant workers bring their children to the city. This problem, that is, the college entrance examination in different places (and the senior high school entrance examination in different places), became the focus of the whole society last year. Objectively speaking, compared with the lack of previous policies, the plan (or principled opinion) of the national college entrance examination in different places is of progressive significance, but it is far from completely solving the problem, especially in cities with a large influx of population such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, where the opening threshold is still very high.
In the long run, only by creating a fair environment for all children to study and further their studies can this "Chinese-style" separation be alleviated. At present, the urgent problem is how to alleviate the psychological problems of these tens of millions of left-behind children. With parents gone, does anyone pay attention to the psychology of these children, and what are the local governments, communities and schools doing? Previous surveys show that left-behind children have serious psychological problems, which reflects the serious lack of education for left-behind children. In the reality that parents can't be around for a short time, the whole society should lend a helping hand to this group and care about their physical and mental health. This is the value of "Chinese-style" separation.
Second, the main manifestations of psychological problems of left-behind children in rural areas
1. Inferiority is common. According to a survey of some left-behind children in rural areas, most of them have a serious sense of inferiority. Because my parents are not around for a long time, I feel helpless and protective. Therefore, compared with children with parents around, they are prone to psychological barriers of inferiority.
2. withdrawn personality and weird behavior. Left-behind children, because their parents are not around for a long time, lack the minimum psychological communication opportunities, lack of people to talk to and ask for help, and their inner troubles and conflicts can not be talked about and guided, resulting in a lack of security and trust in the outside world. This lack of emotion has seriously affected their social interaction with others. They are timid, closed-minded, indifferent, withdrawn, lacking in love and communication initiative. A very small number of left-behind children have been influenced by social bad gangs and have violated discipline or committed crimes.
3. The rebellious mentality is serious. Many left-behind children have poor grades in school, low personality, frequent violation of discipline, arrogance, unsociable, no collectivism, and some have developed bad habits such as smoking, drinking and indulging in online games. Often, many left-behind children are more independent and stronger than other children on the surface, but they are more fragile and vulnerable than other children on the inside. Their mentality is extremely unbalanced, their mood fluctuates greatly, and they are easily hurt in social communication with others, resulting in rebellious psychology and hatred, which leads to bad habits, and some even go astray and embark on the road of illegal crimes.
Children are the future and hope of the motherland, and left-behind children are related to the whole rural education and social progress. At present, these psychological problems of left-behind children will not only cause psychological harm and unstable factors to left-behind children, but also bring hidden dangers to the construction of a harmonious society, and correct measures must be taken to prevent them.
Third, measures to solve the psychological problems of left-behind children in rural areas
1. Strengthen family education and give more care to left-behind children. The classified query of periodical articles is in the periodical library. Parents are children's first teachers, and good family education is the responsibility of parents and guardians. Parents, especially those who go out to work, should always communicate with their children. In addition to caring about children's life, body and study, we should pay more attention to emotional communication and psychological communication with children, so that children can always feel the care and love of their parents. This not only helps to relieve children's tension and anxiety, but also helps children to understand their parents' hard work and hard-won life, understand and respect their parents, and form a correct outlook on life and values. On the other hand, the grandparents, grandparents or other relatives who are in charge of guardianship should treat their children democratically and equally, truly shoulder the responsibility and obligation of raising children, and should not overindulge and indulge them, and should give them scientific management and guidance, thus shaping their healthy psychology.
2. Give play to the leading educational function of the school. As an educational institution for left-behind children, schools should improve the concept of health education and take mental health education as the main way of moral education. Schools should make full use of various educational resources and carry out various forms of mental health education for left-behind children. First of all, the school should strengthen the quality training of teachers, so that teachers can have good psychological quality, give full play to their educational advantages, treat every student fairly and equally, give psychological consideration and warmth, relieve their psychological pressure in time, let children have stable emotions and positive emotions, create a harmonious family atmosphere and meet their spiritual needs; Secondly, the school should organize the class teacher to establish the mental health files and follow-up management files of left-behind children, keep abreast of the overall mental health status of left-behind children, and conduct targeted intervention and management on common psychological and behavioral problems.
3. A special psychological counseling room should be set up, equipped with professional psychological counseling and counseling teachers to provide psychological counseling and counseling services for all teachers and students. We should pay attention to the training of parents and other guardians of left-behind children, so that they can correct their educational concepts, master the methods and skills of communication with children, and combine home and school to better educate children.
4. Left-behind children should strengthen psychological quality training. Mental health education of left-behind children depends on external and internal factors. I think left-behind children should learn to adjust their mentality, learn to be self-confident, self-reliant and self-reliant, regard the reality that their parents are not around as a test and exercise for themselves, learn to correctly handle setbacks and adversity, cultivate a strong will, set goals for themselves, cultivate various interests, correct their learning attitude, keep in touch with teachers and classmates, actively communicate with their parents, improve their independence, firmness and self-control, and let them grow up healthily and happily.
5. Integrate social forces and build a love education platform for left-behind children. In view of the current situation of weak social education, lack of educational resources and outdated educational concepts in some rural areas, the government should formulate relevant policies, organically combine family, school and society through policy encouragement and guidance, and strive to make social education, school education and family education work together to promote the healthy development of left-behind children.
The psychological problems of left-behind children need the care of the whole society, not just individuals.
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