With the development of China's national economy, the living standard of China people has been greatly improved, the per capita income has increased, food is abundant, and the nutritional status has been continuously improved. The prevalence of nutritional deficiency in China continues to decline, and many people in China begin to worry about obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and other health problems caused by overnutrition. This was unexpected after China had just solved the problem of food and clothing for its residents.
The problem of unbalanced diet
It is the main risk factor of chronic diseases. High oil and salt intake is still common in China. The consumption of sugary drinks among teenagers is increasing year by year, and the intake of coarse grains, dark vegetables, fruits, milk, fish, shrimp and soybeans is generally insufficient. ? According to the investigation in 20 15 years, the average intake of salt for domestic cooking is 9.3 grams per person per day.
Eating out has become a common eating behavior. The survey found that the top ten foods purchased were mostly fried foods and animal foods, and there were problems such as excessive intake of oil and salt and unreasonable dietary structure. The sales of sugary drinks are increasing year by year. The consumption rate of sugary milk drinks and drinks among children and adolescents is above 30% and 25%, which is significantly higher than that of adults. The energy supply ratio of sugar for children aged 3-5 is as high as 4.8%. ?
The dietary structure of Chinese residents is mainly cereals, but refined rice flour is the main cereal, and the intake of coarse grains and miscellaneous grains is insufficient. Only about 20% of adults can reach more than 50 grams a day. The varieties are mostly millet and corn, which need to be more abundant; Vegetables are mainly light-colored vegetables, and dark vegetables account for about 30% of the total vegetables, which does not reach the recommended level of more than 50%.
The per capita fruit intake is still low, and the urban population with high intake is only 55.7 grams/day. The average milk intake of Chinese residents has been at a low level, and the lack of milk intake is the main reason for the high proportion of calcium intake of Chinese residents. The average intake of fish and shrimp is 24.3 g/day, which has not increased significantly for many years. Less than one-third of adults can eat more than 40 grams of fish and shrimp on average every day.
Soybean food is a traditional healthy food in China, but its consumption is insufficient at present. About 40% adults don't eat soy products often. ? Drinking behavior is common among Chinese people, and more than half of male drinkers drink too much. According to the data from 20 15 to 20 17, the excessive drinking rates of male and female drinkers in China are 56.8% and 27.8% respectively.
The lifestyle of residents has changed significantly.
The total amount of physical activity is reduced, the control of energy intake and consumption is unbalanced, overweight and obesity have become important public health problems, and the chronic diseases related to diet are becoming more and more serious. ? The Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of China Residents (2020) shows that the overweight and obesity rates of children and adolescents under 6 years old and 6 ~ 17 years old are 10.4% and 19.0% respectively, and the overweight and obesity rates of residents aged 18 and above are 34.3% and/kloc respectively.
Overweight and obesity are important risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and cancer. The Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of China Residents (2020) shows that the prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in adults aged 65,438+08 and above are 27.5%, 65,438+065, 438+0.9% and 8.2% respectively.
China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 20 19 shows that according to the fifth health service survey in China in 20 13, the prevalence rate of coronary heart disease among residents aged ≥ 15 in urban areas is 12.3‰. The dyslipidemia rate of residents aged 65,438+08 and above increased significantly (65,438+08.6% in 2002, 40.4% in 2065 and 438+02).
In 20 13 years, the prevalence of stroke in people over 40 years old was 2. 1%, and chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases all showed an upward trend. These chronic diseases are closely related to long-term dietary imbalance and excessive intake of oil and salt.