Soil selection
In fact, grapes have no special requirements for soil. Compared with many sandy soils, sandy soils recover faster in spring, germinate earlier and mature earlier. The large temperature difference in sandy soil is beneficial to nutrient accumulation and improve fruit quality, which is more important when the consumption level of consumers increases. For plots with poor soil conditions, soil improvement should be strengthened.
When planting grapes in clay land and saline-alkali land, more organic fertilizer should be applied to improve the soil to a certain extent, so as to achieve good results. Only by loosening the soil structure on the relatively loose soil can the grape roots grow faster and develop better. Maintaining a large and robust root system is the basis to ensure the normal growth and development of grapes, which is of great significance to grape production. Soil is a loose porous body composed of solid, liquid and gas. Soil solid particles are the place where air and water circulate. In order to help grape roots absorb nutrients and ensure the normal growth and development of roots, it is necessary to maintain a certain porosity.
Soil bulk density per unit volume is a comprehensive index reflecting soil compactness, water content and pore condition, and soil bulk density is closely related to the development of grape root system. Generally speaking, when the soil bulk density is small (that is, loose), the root system grows well and is widely distributed; When the soil bulk density is high, the growth and development of roots are hindered. The results showed that when the soil bulk density exceeded 1.5g/cm, the number of grape roots decreased obviously. The proportion of pores with different sizes in soil is of great significance to grape production.
Sandy soil has coarse particles, large gaps, good water permeability and permeability, but poor water and fertilizer retention ability; On the contrary, the effect of water and fertilizer conservation in clay land is good, but the air permeability and water permeability are poor, and the ground temperature rises. The loam is located in the middle of the two, and the gap ratio is appropriate, that is, it has good air permeability, is not easy to penetrate, and has good water and fertilizer retention ability. Soil structure refers to the state of various natural aggregates bonded by soil particles. There are usually flaky structure, massive structure, columnar structure, granular structure, etc., and the soil with granular structure is the most ideal.
The optimum diameter of soil particles with aggregate structure is 2~3 mm, and the soil with aggregate structure has good stability and strong porosity, which can coordinate the relationship between water permeability and fertilizer conservation. There are many kinds and quantities of microorganisms in the soil, which is beneficial to the decomposition of soil organic matter, the absorption of nutrients by crops and the normal growth and development of grapes. The formation of aggregate structure is closely related to soil organic matter content, and the application of organic fertilizer and repeated tillage and harrowing are beneficial to the formation of aggregate structure.
Site location selection
It is best to build a garden in a place with convenient transportation and choose a place with convenient drainage and irrigation conditions for export, so that plants can grow healthily and normally. In places where large and medium-sized cities are far away from the consumer market, we should choose well-stored varieties to meet the needs of sales.