I. Pathogenesis
Inflammation mechanism: The characteristic changes of COPD mainly include chronic inflammation of airway, lung parenchyma and pulmonary vessels, and most inflammatory cells participate in the pathogenesis, such as neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. Protease-antiprotease imbalance mechanism: Inhaled harmful gases and substances will increase protease or enhance its activity, while antiprotease will decrease or inactivate, which will lead to the destruction of tissue structure and pulmonary edema. Others: oxidation mechanism, malnutrition, autonomic nervous dysfunction, etc. Second, the clinical manifestations
Chronic cough: most people cough obviously in the morning and cough or expectoration at night, which may last for life and accompany the whole course of disease. Expectoration: Generally, it is white mucus sputum or serous foam sputum, and in severe cases, it may be bloodshot. Shortness of breath or dyspnea: The patient appears during strenuous exercise in the early stage, and gradually gets worse in the later stage, which may lead to shortness of breath at rest in the later stage, and the most serious is dyspnea. Wheezing and chest tightness: only some patients or advanced patients will appear. Third, treatment.
Treatment in stable period: education and management to make patients quit smoking and stay away from harmful environment; Use bronchodilators to control symptoms; Use expectorants to expel sputum from the body; Family oxygen therapy improves the quality of life; Actively do rehabilitation treatment. Treatment of acute exacerbation: in addition to the treatment of stable period, it is necessary to increase the low oxygen flow, take oxygen, use antibiotics, use glucocorticoid and mechanical ventilation. Prevention: Quitting smoking is the most important measure to prevent COPD, which is helpful to prevent the occurrence and development of COPD. The environment has a certain relationship with COPD, which can control environmental pollution and reduce the inhalation of harmful gases and particles. At the same time, strengthening physical exercise, improving immunity and strengthening physique can improve the general condition of the body and prevent diseases.