Along with Yang Jiong, Lu and Qi, he is known as "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty" in history. They all tried their best to innovate the style of "striving for micro-sculpture" in the poems of Qi Liang Palace at that time, broaden the theme of the poems, show positive and enterprising spirit, and express their political feelings and resentment against talents. Du Fu is known as "Wang Yang and his contemporaries" because of his outstanding contributions in innovating the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties and promoting the maturity of the Five Laws.
Wang Bo's poems mainly describe personal life, but a few of them express political aspirations and dissatisfaction, and their styles are relatively fresh. Most of his poems are neat, but some of them are still "impetuous and dazzling" and have not completely got rid of the gorgeous poetic style of the Six Dynasties. Wang Bo's article is famous for Preface to Wang Tengting.
2. Li Bai (70 1-762), the word Taibai, was born in Ji Cheng, Longxi (near Tianshui, Gansu). Ancestors migrated to Central Asia at the end of Sui Dynasty. Li Bai was born in Broken Leaf City in Central Asia (now Kyrgyzstan, Soviet Union). At the age of five, he came to Qinglian Township, Zhangming County, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) with his father. I learned to roam in Shu in my early years. When I was young, I began to roam around the country. At the beginning of Tianbao, due to the recommendation of Taoist Wu Yun, he was called to Chang 'an to worship the Hanlin, and was treated with special courtesy by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
But because of power, he was quickly dismissed and traveled for a long time. Since the Anshi Rebellion in the 14th year of Tianbao (755), he has lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain, but he still pays close attention to the fate of the country and people. Later, he joined the Wang Yong Lilin shogunate. Wang Yong was defeated and killed, and Li Bai sat in Xunyang prison, the second longest prison in Yelang, and was pardoned on the way. In his later years, he wandered in Wuchang, Xunyang and Xuancheng. In the first year of Daizong Baoying (762), he died in Li, the county magistrate of Dangtu, and his uncle.
Throughout Li Bai's life, his thoughts are more complicated. Confucianism, Taoism, strategists and rangers all influenced him. He envies immortals and yearns for seclusion, but he doesn't want to be the abbot of Penglai. On the contrary, he wanted to "apply Yan Guan's words, seek the skills of the emperor, and strive for his wisdom. Willing to supplement, so that the atlas area is fixed and the sea county is clear "("Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's book "). He has great political ambitions, but he is unwilling to take the road of imperial examination. He wanted to live in seclusion and seek immortality to gain fame, so that he was recruited and reused by the emperor under the recommendation of celebrities to realize the ideals of "helping the poor" and "securing the country" and retired after success. It is under the guidance of this thought that the poet lived a wild and bumpy life.
Li Bai has more than 990 poems. These poems, or with unrestrained passion, express their enthusiastic pursuit of ideal politics and their desire to make contributions; Or expose the decadence of political groups with a sharp pen; Or use a good brush to touch the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland. His poems, no matter in five words or seven languages, have a unique style and strong romanticism. Li Taibai's collection.
3. Meng Haoran (689—740), whose real name is Hao, was born in Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). In his early years, he lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain near Xiangyang, his hometown, reading behind closed doors and entertaining himself with poetry. He traveled all over the Yangtze River and left footprints in Bashu, wuyue, Hunan and Jiangxi. When you are forty years old, you should travel to Chang 'an. When Zhang Jiuling was in Jingzhou Town, he worked for Jingzhou. Soon, he died of gangrene at the age of 52. There is Meng Haoran's collection.
Fourth, Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was originally from Gongxian County, Henan Province. Grandfather Du was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. In his youth, he traveled to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and Shandong, met Li Bai twice and forged a profound friendship.
In the fifth year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (746), Du Fu came to Chang 'an. The following year, he took the imperial examination of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Due to the obstruction of treacherous court official Li, none of the candidates were admitted. Since then, there is no way to make progress and live in poverty. It was not until the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755) that he got the position of "from Wei Ling to Fu" and was responsible for guarding the arsenal. In the same year, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Du Fu was visiting relatives in Fengxian County (now Pucheng, Shaanxi Province). In the second year, he settled in Qiang village of Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) and defected to Su Zong, who ascended the throne in Lingwu (now Gansu Province). On the way, he was captured by the rebels and taken to occupied Chang 'an, during which he witnessed the killing and looting atrocities of the rebels and the suffering of the people. It was not until April of the second year of Zhide (757) that he ventured to Fengxiang (now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), the temporary residence of Su Zong, and was awarded the post of left. Soon after, he was demoted to join the army as secretary of Huazhou for helping to look after the house. Since then, he was very disappointed with the real politics, gave up his official position, moved his family to the west, and finally arrived in Chengdu. With the help of Yanwu and others, he built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhuaxi in the west of the city, named Du Fu Cottage. Later, he was recommended by Yanwu as a clerk and Yuanwailang in the collating department.
After Yanwu's death, he left Chengdu and his family lived in Kuizhou (now fengjie county, Sichuan). Two years later, from Kuizhou to Jiangling and Hengyang.
In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong (770), the poet died in a boat on the Xiangjiang River.
His poems are famous for their richness and variety in art, sometimes bold and unrestrained, sometimes gloomy and sad, or colorful or plain. He is good at metrical poetry and the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His poems are harmonious in rhythm, concise in wording and sentences, and "obsessed with human kindness, words are not surprisingly endless", which is a true portrayal of his rigorous creative attitude. In the history of China literature, he is known as a "poet saint". More than 400 of his/kloc-0 poems have been handed down to this day. This is Du Shaoling.
Five, Bai Juyi (772-846), the word Letian, was named a Buddhist in Xiangshan in his later years.
Originally from Taiyuan (now Shanxi), he moved to Xiadeng (now Weinan County, Shaanxi Province). In his early years, his family was poor, and he had more contact and understanding of social life and people's sufferings. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong (800), he was a scholar and was awarded the secretary of provincial studies. During the Yuanhe period in Tang Xianzong, he served as Zuo Zanshan's doctor.
In the 10th year of Yuanhe (8 15), Prime Minister Wu was executed by Li Shidao, the Pinglu envoy, and Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima because he was eager to catch the murderer, and later transferred to Zhongzhou Secretariat. In the early years of Changqing, Tang Muzong was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou. He actively built water conservancy projects, built flood control dams, drained lakes and irrigated thousands of hectares of farmland, and achieved remarkable results. In the year of Bao Liyuan (825), he was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou, and later he was appointed as the minister of punishments. Tang Wuzong Huichang died in the sixth year (846) at the age of 75. He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection.
In literature, he and Yuan Zhen are both advocates and backbones of the New Yuefu Movement, advocating that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things", 3278 Tang Poetry Appreciation Meeting.
Oppose "playing with snow to make flowers and plants" works with no other sustenance. His satirical poems "Qin Zhongyin" and "New Yuefu" widely and sharply exposed the political darkness at that time, attacked the abuses in reality, and showed a progressive tendency of clear love and hate. In addition to satirical poems, the long narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Journey" are also unique, and they are the swan song of the ages.
The language of Bai poetry is popular, unpretentious, simple and natural, and there is no trace of carving. His poems depict vivid characters, touching people's hearts and high artistic attainments.
6. Du Mu (803-852), a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi Province), was the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. In the second year of Tang Dahe (828), he became a scholar and became the founder of Xiande. He was awarded the title of Dean of Hong Wen Pavilion, and Shen Chuanshi, an observer of Jiangxi Province, was called Yong Ying Inspector. Later, he was the secretary of Huainan, Niu Sengzu, and lived in Yangzhou, which was quite a good banquet. In the ninth year of Yamato (835), he entered the DPRK to supervise the country, and soon he was divided into the East. Later, he served as the judge of Xuanzhou Tuan Lian, the editor of the history museum Zuo Buque, and the foreign minister of the food department. In the second year of Huichang (842), it was the secretariat of Huangzhou, Qianchi and Zhou Mu. In the second year of Dazhong (848), he entered the DPRK as Si Xun, Yuan Wailang and editor of the History Museum. Later, I made a secretariat of Huzhou, and the official was the middle book. The world is known as Du Fan Chuan.
Du Mu is famous for his ambition to save the world and the people. His poems care about state affairs and point out the shortcomings of the past. Poetry chanting often satirizes reality with historical themes in the form of historical quatrains. The lyrics are fresh in artistic conception and meaningful in charm.
The ancient poetry is vigorous and powerful, and the high backbone is full of vitality; However, modern poetry is refreshing. Beautiful and elegant, it is also called "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin, and "Little Du" is different from Du Fu.
7. Tao Yuanming was born in a ruined bureaucratic family. Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world.
Wang Anshi, a politician and writer, advocates the combination of literature and political activities. Wang Anshi's poems are divided into two periods with Ba Xiang (about 1076) as the boundary, and their contents and styles are obviously different. "Wang Jinggong is not so confident, so his poetic language is what he wants, and he is no longer so introverted ... Later, he became a group of shepherds, made a fake collection of poems in the Tang Dynasty from the Song Dynasty, and used it for reference. In his later years, he began to have a deep and unpretentious interest" (Ye Mengde's Shi Lin Shi Hua).