Mental health refers to an efficient, satisfactory and sustained mental state. The following is my thesis on mental health education in primary schools and children's psychological development. Welcome to reading.
The teaching style, teaching content, campus atmosphere, teachers and the interaction between teachers and classmates in primary school education have important influences on all aspects of children's psychology. Therefore, we should pay more attention to mental health education in primary schools, strengthen the diversity and feasibility of mental health education from schools, teachers and students themselves, and truly reflect the essence of education.
Keywords: primary school; Mental health education; Children's psychological development
I. Introduction
Mental health education is an important part of elementary education. After entering primary school, children gradually become independent individuals and begin the process of socialization through the school media. The success of mental health education affects the foundation and trend of children's psychological development, and also affects the all-round development of children's physical and mental health. Therefore, we should pay more attention to primary school psychological education, make it play an active and effective role in children's psychological development, and truly realize the essence of education.
Second, children's psychology and its development
Childhood is considered to be a very critical and special period in life. In the basic stage of growth, the individual's physiology and psychology gradually develop and then improve. Its mental health level is related to individual's interest in learning, cognitive level, lifestyle, behavior habits, psychological quality, ideology and morality, self-awareness and communication ability. The interaction of physiological and psychological factors constitutes an extremely complex growth process for each individual. Children's psychology presents different forms at different specific ages. Generally speaking, children's psychology has the characteristics of sensitivity, plasticity, stages and differences.
First of all, children are psychologically sensitive. Children are in the initial stage of life and have a high dependence on adults. Their mental development is not yet mature, and their ability to learn knowledge and behavior is strong, so their psychological development is very rapid. If we ignore children's psychological sensitivity, we will miss the best period to promote children's psychological development and cause obstacles or problems to children's mental health. There are individual differences in children's psychological sensitivity, and the timing and duration of appearance may be different, and the needs vary from person to person. By understanding children's psychological sensitivity, we can better observe their behavior, understand their needs and provide timely and appropriate conditions for their development.
Secondly, children's psychology is plastic. This plasticity has gradually developed from the initial perceptual cognition to the increasingly mature thinking system, endless curiosity and strong exploration spirit. Children's rich emotions and strong sensibility have promoted their intellectual development and progress. When children's perception and emotion grow, it can promote their psychological growth, and then realize the improvement of cognitive ability and gradually realize the all-round growth of body and mind. Therefore, we should respect children's emotional and emotional needs, respect children's curiosity, and cultivate children's cognitive ability in many aspects, so that children can make progress at all levels of mental health.
Third, children's psychology has stages. Children's psychological development is a gradual process with obvious stages. There are differences in their own characteristics between different stages of development, as well as convergence and gradualism between different stages. There is a close relationship between each stage, and the order of each stage cannot be reversed or surpassed. It is beneficial to understand the specific characteristics of children's psychological development in different stages, master the basic laws of their development, develop children's intelligence level and personality characteristics purposefully, planned and organized, and appropriately promote the process of children's psychological development.
Finally, children's psychology is different. As an independent individual, each child's psychological development characteristics are different, even unique. Although children generally show similar growth characteristics at all ages, there are still individual differences in their physical and mental development level. At the same time, under the combined action of internal and external factors, each child is facing different psychological development conditions, which means that there are both the help of mental health development and the opportunities for psychological problems. Therefore, we should respect children's psychological differences and carry out personalized education according to each child's specific situation, which not only ensures their freedom of psychological development, but also ensures the enthusiasm of their growing environment.
Thirdly, the influence of campus life on children's psychology.
There are many internal and external factors in children's psychological development, including genetic factors, family factors, social and cultural factors and school education factors. After children enter the campus, the campus becomes the main place for social activities. Campus is an ideal place for children to accept the influence of socialization at first. In this environment, children receive systematic education as well as planned and step-by-step growth education. Therefore, compared with other environmental factors, school education plays a leading role in children's psychological development.
First of all, the teaching methods and contents in school education affect children's learning interest and cognitive level. In teaching, we should consciously cultivate students' lasting interest in learning and keep them in a good learning state for a long time. Therefore, we should constantly update classroom teaching methods, introduce rich and novel teaching methods, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning through various means, strengthen the cultivation of students' interest in learning, make students full of curiosity and enthusiasm in the learning process, constantly stimulate students' confidence in learning, and provide a steady stream of motivation for learning.
Secondly, the campus atmosphere and atmosphere affect children's lifestyle and behavior habits. School is the early environment for children's psychological formation. Children get their first life experience on campus and develop their first moral understanding and behavior habits. Good campus atmosphere and ethos is an invisible educational force, which encourages all teachers and students to work together to achieve teaching goals. Campus environment, including natural environment and psychological and social environment, has a subtle influence on the shaping of students' sound personality, which can not be ignored. The characteristics of school environment structure will affect children's personality development, such as school rules, campus atmosphere, size, classroom size, seating arrangement, wall color, ventilation conditions and so on will affect children's psychological development.
Third, the role of teachers has an important influence on children's psychological quality, ideology and morality. Modern educational psychology research shows that students have a natural tendency to learn from teachers, just as flowers and trees tend to the sun, so they also tend to teachers. Students have the nature of imitating teachers, and imitating teachers is the most important and effective way for students to learn. A good teacher-student relationship must be based on mutual understanding between teachers and students. Therefore, the premise of teachers' teaching is to know and understand students. Facts have proved that a comprehensive understanding of students is the basic point of developing a good teacher-student relationship. Students' cognition of teachers is one of the important foundations of their trust in teaching, and it is also one of the important factors that affect students' learning enthusiasm. Only when teachers are mentally healthy, have good quality, can understand and respect children well, can they properly express their feelings through words and actions, and truly care for and tolerate children can they gain the full trust of children and integrate into campus life with a positive attitude; At the same time, in the class, grade and even campus environment where children live, a democratic and equal atmosphere should be formed to provide a good environment for children's psychological development and meet their internal needs.
Finally, the interaction with teachers and classmates affects children's self-awareness and communication skills. After children entered the campus, they left their familiar families and faced a brand-new environment. Their contact objects increased, their life scope expanded and the external environment changed greatly. Driven by external factors, their psychological development will change accordingly, and they will begin to adapt to the new life, adjust the anxiety caused by strangeness, and consciously maintain interpersonal relationships with teachers and classmates. During this period, children's psychological state began to be relatively stable, with less emotional fluctuations, some personality changes and psychological changes from the inside out. Although children's interpersonal relationship is simple, it has a great influence on children's mental health development. Good interpersonal relationship provides the necessary premise for children's mental health. In campus life, children's interpersonal relationship mainly involves teacher-student relationship and peer relationship. Communication with others can promote the positive development of children's self-awareness, learn how to get along well with others, cultivate cooperative psychology, and lay a foundation for adapting to a wider social life in the future. ? Four, some suggestions on mental health education in primary schools
At present, mental health education has become a vital part of the primary education system, but it is often confused with moral education, or focuses on classroom education and ignores daily teaching, which makes it lack of diversified and feasible scientific education. Primary school mental health education should not only be limited to the guidance and solution of psychological problems, but also give systematic and meticulous guidance to children's psychology from schools, teachers and students themselves, so as to achieve the purpose of mental health education and make it truly reflect the essence of education.
First of all, we should attach importance to mental health education, making it surpass books and classrooms and truly become a part of school education. The degree of educational power that education should recognize is based on whether it helps students to become "people", that is, to cultivate their free personality and fully develop their spirit. Mental health education should run through the whole process of school education, including daily teaching, activities and campus affairs. As an important part of school education, mental health education should strengthen the organization and management of mental health education and form a mental health education team with the participation of principals, guidance offices, counselors, class teachers and all teachers. It is necessary to offer mental health classes, carry out psychological counseling, master and prepare students' psychological problems, and also infiltrate mental health education into daily teaching, and introduce professional psychological education experts as the theoretical support of the team. We can not only organically combine the original ideological and moral courses with adolescent education and other related courses, but also effectively use activity classes and campus activities to make mental health education a part of school education.
Second, we should pay attention to the significance of teachers' mental health to mental health education and pay attention to respect, understanding, care and equality in teaching. Children's psychological sensitivity determines that they have strong self-esteem, are sensitive to the respect, understanding and concern for peace of their environment from the outside world and others, and are easily influenced by it, resulting in psychological reactions and fluctuations. The value conflict between fairness and Excellence reflects the long-standing tension between individual rights and public welfare: if schools want to provide equal educational opportunities for all students, they should consider public welfare before students' individual development; On the contrary, if schools want to show their talents, the goal of personal development should take precedence over the consideration of student groups. The key to mental health education in schools lies in the level of teachers' relevant knowledge and skills. Therefore, we should pay attention to strengthening the training of primary school teachers' knowledge and skills in mental health education, not only to train counselors, class teachers and other teachers who have more contact with students, but also to strengthen the training of college teachers and other teachers to improve teachers' overall knowledge and skills in mental health education. Only by improving teachers' related knowledge and skills in mental health education, improving education modes and methods, strengthening the contact and understanding between teachers and students in a reasonable and appropriate way, and fully understanding, caring and caring for students, can we further help students solve the problems they face in psychological development and make them grow up healthily and happily.
Third, we should pay attention to the individual's age, gender, personality and other characteristics, so that mental health education is targeted and gradual. The primary school stage involves the early, middle and late stages of children until puberty begins. At different stages of individual development, the emphasis of mental health education should also be different. We summarize the problems existing in mental health into three aspects: first, the tension of interpersonal relationship; The second is the pressure brought by study; Third, there is something wrong with the "self". According to the age and specific characteristics of students, strengthen regular education in schools and give positive guidance. The focus of mental health education is prevention. We should pay attention to psychological training and guidance for students and avoid discipline and medical treatment. At the same time, students with psychological problems or obstacles should be given timely counseling and guidance, and corrective training should be carried out with their parents to improve their adaptability and anti-frustration, and improve their cognitive level and interpersonal skills. According to the specific needs of different age groups, in the implementation of mental health education, we should pay attention to cultivating students' self-reliance, enhancing their self-care ability, learning ability, stress resistance and collective consciousness.
Fourth, we should attach importance to students' personality development, coordinated development and all-round development. Only education that can cultivate character is a truly complete education. Character education includes the identification of commonness and individuality, the reaffirmation and establishment of two standards of understanding and forgiveness, and personal cultivation, with special emphasis on the cultivation of willpower and the ability to cut corners. Fully understand all aspects of students, strengthen the diversity of students' communication channels, encourage students to communicate with teachers, parents and classmates at any time, give students the will and opportunity to talk, improve the importance of neglecting mental health education in daily teaching life, make it truly implement from documents and slogans to specific behaviors, and ensure its effectiveness. Schools should cooperate with parents, give full play to their positive role in students' psychological development, combine school education with family education, and cultivate students' sound personality under the condition of ensuring a good environment for campus mental health education.
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