Green breeding of livestock and poultry 1
The necessity of developing green breeding was analyzed, and the green breeding technology of livestock and poultry was briefly summarized, so as to promote the development of green food industry in China.
Livestock and poultry; Green agriculture; Necessity; Technical points
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and public awareness of safety and health, green, safe and environmentally friendly meat, eggs and food related to livestock and poultry have become the first choice for people's diet.
Therefore, it is urgent to alleviate and finally solve the current situation of chemical use and even abuse, and to seek green recycling methods for the prevention and treatment of livestock and poultry diseases.
Based on people's consumption concept, green products will become the mainstream of consumers' diet, and the sustainable and healthy development of aquaculture will also depend on the development of green aquaculture.
1 the necessity of developing green agriculture
At present, environmental problems have become a hot topic in international politics, and the environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry production is one of the two prominent problems that restrict the sustainable development of animal husbandry [1].
Controlling environmental pollution and protecting the environment has become an important code of conduct for international cooperation.
Only by vigorously developing ecological and healthy farming [2] can animal husbandry be promoted to a new level and a new leap can be achieved.
Only with the goal of building an environment-friendly and ecologically healthy animal husbandry, vigorously promoting the green farming model, effectively improving the ecological environment and reducing the environmental pressure, can we promote the sustainable growth of animal husbandry and realize the benign interaction and coordinated development of animal husbandry economy and ecological environment.
2. Green breeding technology of livestock and poultry
2. 1 Selection of feeding environment
When establishing a farm, we should choose the farm reasonably and choose the industry? Three wastes? Places other than pollution should use non-epidemic areas with excellent ecological environment and no major animal diseases [3].
The air standard around the farm is not lower than the first-class standard of GB3095- 1996, and the drinking water standard of livestock and poultry is not lower than the domestic water standard of GB5749-85.
2.2 Reduce nitrogen emissions and optimize the feeding environment
Many studies have shown that the related physiological activities of domestic animals will cause environmental problems, such as ammonia emission and eutrophication of water bodies.
Nitrogen emission is one of the important factors affecting the growth environment of livestock and poultry. One of the economical and effective methods to control environmental pollution is to control the dynamic change of nitrogen, that is, reducing the crude protein content in diet can effectively reduce the emission of nitrogen and ammonia, which is conducive to optimizing the feeding environment.
2.3 Use of microecological agents
After animals are fed with microecological agents, they can recover dominant flora through biological hypoxia, increase beneficial microorganisms in the intestine, and reduce the discharge of pathogenic microorganisms through biological antagonism, thus purifying the internal and external environment of animals. Enhance the immune function of animals, promote the growth and development of immune organs, and promote the production of antibodies and immune factors, thus enhancing the body's ability to resist infection; Promote animal digestion, enhance the types and activities of digestive enzymes, thus promoting the growth of the body and improving the production performance of animals.
Microecological preparation is derived from natural substances or their extracts, and it is a new type of green feed additive. Microecological agents will play an important role in the actual production of green farming and escort the green farming of livestock and poultry [4].
2.4 Development and utilization of Chinese herbal medicines
The use of veterinary drugs will be the main technical link of green farming.
Internationally recognized Chinese herbal medicines can eventually replace antibiotics and other chemical drugs, mainly used as green feed additives and treatment methods [5]. At present, Chinese herbal medicine has been widely used in aquaculture practice in China.
The curative effect of Chinese herbal medicine has been paid more and more attention in the world today. China, as the birthplace of Chinese herbal medicine, has more than1.2000 kinds of medicinal plants, which are not found in other countries.
Chinese herbal medicine has become a breakthrough to solve the drug resistance of coccidia at present because of its unique advantages such as less toxic side effects, less drug resistance and promoting chicken growth.
Studies have shown that the use of traditional Chinese medicine formula can not only cure diseases, but also promote the growth and meat quality of animals; Common compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicine can not only greatly improve the efficacy, but also reduce the dosage of western medicine, thus reducing the influence of drug residues [6-9].
Chinese herbal medicine? Adjuvant treatment of diseases, prevention and health care of diseases? Therefore, Chinese herbal medicine will become the development trend of green feed additives [10- 12].
China should vigorously support and encourage the development of Chinese herbal medicine and gradually replace chemical drugs.
3 Conclusion
The development of pollution-free, green and healthy food conforms to the current social background and the main trend of consumption. At the same time, the rapid economic development in China provides the possibility for green food consumption.
At present, China's green aquaculture is in the initial and exploratory stage, and there are still many imperfections, and the relevant technical standards have not been fully established and improved. The relevant state departments should pay enough attention and care to guide, support and promote the healthy development of aquaculture.
4 references
Huang Bin. Problems and Countermeasures of Sustainable Development of Animal Husbandry in China [J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 20 10/0,31(11): 67-69.
[2] Zhou. Study on the Development of Ecological Animal Husbandry in China [J]. Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2005,33 (4): 725-726.
[3] Zhu Feng, Han Jianye. On the Green Breeding of Livestock and Poultry [J]. China Animal Quarantine, 2009,26 (1):11.
[4] Pan Kangcheng, Shi Feng. The role of microecological agents in green agriculture [J]. Poultry in China, 2008,30 (14): 39-41.
[5] Shi Pengzhi. Confusion of Chinese herbal medicine replacing veterinary antibiotics [J]. Agricultural Knowledge, 20 13 (12): 53-54.
[6] Wang Chen. Efficient and safe green breeding instrument for livestock and poultry has become a "family bank" [J]. Business? Getting rich in urban and rural areas, 2008 (3): 80-8 1.
[7] ? Green breeding instrument for livestock and poultry? Farmers easily rush to a well-off society in one year [J]. Farmhouse Science and Technology, 2008 (3): 28.
[8] Feixian vigorously promotes the green livestock and poultry breeding model [J]. Guide to Getting Rich through Science and Technology, 2008 (1): 19.
[9] Xu Yujing. On the Green Breeding of Livestock and Poultry [J]. Animal Hygiene in China, 2006 (2): 5 1-52.
Zhang Yuying. Ecological Economics in Green Farms [J]. Guide to Getting Rich through Science and Technology, 20 13 (14): 35.
[1 1] Wang Xibin, Yan. Veterinary drug residues and green agriculture [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Abstracts, 20 13 (1): 8.
[12] Jian Huang. Biogas slurry? Forage? Breeding? Green agricultural technology [J]. Friends of farmers getting rich, 20 12 (20): 65.
Pollution load of livestock and poultry breeding industry and its control II
In recent years, the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding has brought many pollution problems. Through the investigation of livestock and poultry breeding in recent years, the results were analyzed, which provided the basis for the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding, summarized the pollution in existing breeding, and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for pollution control.
Keywords: pollution load control of livestock and poultry breeding
1 livestock and poultry pollution summary
In recent years, China's livestock and poultry breeding industry has developed rapidly. At the same time, it can not be ignored that the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding has caused great damage to China's ecology and is a major threat to China's environment.
Livestock and poultry breeding is an important reason for the decline of groundwater quality. In many rivers in China, water pollution caused by livestock and poultry farming is everywhere. Generally speaking, more than 50% of the pollution load comes from livestock and poultry breeding.
Among them, the cleaning of feeding pens and the random discharge of sewage are on the one hand; On the other hand, fecal sewage is discharged into the environment, and unpurified sewage causes damage to the water body. Many experts show that the loss of livestock manure is the key factor to cause organic pollution of surface water and groundwater.
Of course, the livestock and poultry industry will also pollute the air, spread bacteria and endanger the ecology, but in the final analysis, it is still caused by the feces produced.
Let's discuss the load calculation and treatment analysis of this pollution.
2 Calculation of the amount of feces produced by poultry farming
(1) The first thing to consider is to calculate the annual fecal load of livestock and poultry, mainly by multiplying the stock by the excretion coefficient and feeding cycle.
(2) Calculation of livestock manure load: After calculating the annual manure load, load calculation can be considered. The disposal method of manure is relatively simple, that is, it is reused in the form of organic fertilizer.
However, due to the huge difference in fertilizer efficiency of different livestock manure, it is necessary to convert it into standard pig manure equivalent based on nitrogen content before calculating the load.
In the calculation process, the cultivated land area is taken as our actual load area, and then the result can be calculated according to the load of feces.
The corresponding calculation formula is:
Where is the load of livestock manure in pig manure equivalent []; Q is the total amount of livestock manure converted into pig manure (); S is the effective cultivated area (); X is the amount of feces of various livestock and poultry (); T is the conversion coefficient for converting all kinds of livestock manure into pig manure equivalent.
(3) Calculation of the maximum load value of livestock and poultry: The maximum load value of livestock and poultry is the tolerable limit, which is used to judge whether the local fertilizer exceeds the maximum carrying capacity of agricultural land and whether it will pose an environmental threat to the surrounding area.
The calculation formula is:
Among them, r is the maximum load value of all kinds of feces, and the load of livestock manure expressed by pig manure equivalent []; It is the maximum carrying capacity of farmland organic fertilizer.
(4) summary.
Referring to some investigation results in recent years, it can be found that the pollution load of livestock and poultry breeding has a great relationship with the investigation of local natural conditions, and the pollution in population concentrated areas and livestock and poultry products supply areas is quite serious. At the same time, we must be vigilant that only 10 provinces in China have qualified pollution load, which poses a potential threat to the environment.
Therefore, in view of what has happened, we must take reasonable measures to control these pollution, and pay attention to the combination of prevention and control in our daily work.
3 Pollution control analysis of livestock and poultry breeding
(1) The first step of pollution control in livestock and poultry industry is to make farmers and enterprises realize the seriousness of the problem, strengthen their ideological understanding and raise their awareness of environmental protection. Publicity is very important because it neglects the environmental problems brought by livestock and poultry breeding, destroys the surrounding environment and even causes conflicts with local residents.
In addition, major departments should also put the prevention and control of livestock and poultry pollution in an important position. Leaders at all levels and relevant departments should put the governance work on the agenda, formulate work plans, give appropriate subsidies and help to enterprises and individual governments in difficulty, and the competent departments of animal husbandry give economic support to implement pollution prevention and control of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding.
(2) According to the current situation of livestock and poultry breeding in different regions, the layout should be adjusted appropriately and planned rationally to achieve effective governance.
At the same time, we must persist in increasing investment in governance and management according to law.
On the premise of fully demonstrating that the evidence is reasonable, the heavily polluted places must be strictly followed? Who pollutes and who governs? To deal with the basic principles.
Relevant administrative departments in charge of pollution prevention and control should strengthen supervision measures, give full play to government functions, carry out special rectification, cooperate with regional government departments, take the recycling and comprehensive utilization of feces as a foothold, take environmental capacity as a benchmark, strictly follow the technical specifications for pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding, the Measures for the Administration of Pollution Prevention and Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding and other laws and regulations, and at the same time strengthen supervision over unauthorized discharge, increase the collection fees for those enterprises or livestock and poultry farms that rely entirely on sewage treatment, and realize the regional pollution load as soon as possible.
(3) The simplest and most basic treatment method for livestock and poultry breeding pollution is the reasonable disposal of pollutants, such as reducing cage washing as much as possible, and manually cleaning feces to reduce pollutant emissions at the source, which can greatly reduce the degree of water pollution.
Secondly, we can strengthen the treatment of wastewater and sewage, increase technical input, and strive to realize the recycling of resources after sewage treatment. For example, anaerobic treatment of wastewater can effectively control sewage and improve the environment. It can also promote the dry-wet separation technology of feces in large-scale livestock and poultry farms, and also achieve the effect of turning waste into treasure, and realize the production mode from traditional agriculture. Resources? Animal products? Waste discharge? What is the direction of production technology? Resources? Animal products? Recycling? Successful transformation of production process.
(4) We should be clear that it is one thing to treat polluted water resources, but the pollution caused by other treatment methods can not be ignored. For example, in order to ensure growth, animals need to ingest certain nutrients, such as ammonia and phosphorus, which will inevitably lead to the pollution of two elements in feces; For example, in order to solve the above problems, we adopt the method of combining planting and breeding to recover manure and return it to the field. As a result, the residual additives in the feed cause the soil to be destroyed.
There are still many related problems, so when thinking about solutions, we must consider livestock and poultry varieties, captive methods and edible feed from all angles, so as to effectively solve the pollution problem.
(5) Increase the scientific investment and research on the technology of excrement treatment and recycling.
According to the current breeding plan, find the most suitable scientific breeding and sewage disposal scheme to realize the treatment of livestock manure and the comprehensive utilization of resources in urban and rural areas.
For example, we can popularize the technology of cleaner production, control the whole breeding process from the aspects of feed, feeding management and feeding cleanliness, control feed types, scientifically feed and manage breeding, scientifically feed, use scientific ingredients, discharge environmental protection, increase pollution prevention measures, reduce fecal odor emission and wastewater biogas, and comprehensively use various conditions to control pollution prevention.
At the same time, in the suburbs of the city, if the economic capacity permits, centralized livestock and poultry sewage treatment projects can be built, and environmental protection sewage discharge treatment areas can also be built with surrounding enterprises; If the economic capacity is not high or the scale is not large, it can be used as a pilot high-efficiency fertilizer production base to study the improvement scheme of organic fertilizer and feed; Strengthen the research on harmless treatment of livestock manure, strive to complete technical research and development as soon as possible, put it into the market, and make pollution prevention and control to a higher level.
(6) It is also a solution to establish a number of manure treatment enterprises. After all, many sewage and sewage discharges are solved by enterprises or farms themselves, and the treatment methods are amateur and have no enthusiasm. If many specialized manufacturers are established, the problem will be solved.
On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the leading role of demonstration units, give praise and preferential treatment, popularize successful experiences and business models, and promote the progress and development of the whole industry.