It belongs to human tissue structure and embodies the unity of internal and external environment.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) uses the analogy connection method of five elements, and divides the human tissue structure into five element systems according to the manifestations and characteristics of viscera, thus forming a functional system of viscera with five organs as the center, six fu organs coordinating, governing five bodies, opening nine orifices and respecting the body surface, which lays the foundation for the systematization of the theory of zang-xiang.
In addition, according to the viewpoint of "the correspondence between man and nature", TCM also classifies related things or phenomena in nature by using the five-element classification of things' attributes, and links them with the five-element attributes of human viscera organizational structure. For example, the five internal organs, six internal organs, five bodies and five colors of the human body are all related to the five directions, five seasons, five flavors and five colors of nature, thus unifying people and the natural environment, thus embodying the mutual acceptance and correspondence between the internal and external environment of the human body. Therefore, Su Wen's theory of storing images in six sections states that the liver is connected with spring qi, the heart is connected with summer qi, the lung is connected with autumn qi, and the kidney is connected with winter qi, while Su Wen's theory of storing qi states that the spleen governs summer. For example, spring should be in the east, and the breath of spring is the main command, so the climate is mild, the yang is healthy, everything is prosperous, and the liver qi of the human body corresponds to it, so the liver qi in spring is vigorous. Therefore, Su Wenzhi's warning further said: "With the five elements of heaven, people's five internal organs should be like, pale, horn, shout, grip, eyes, acid and anger, and the liver of oriental wind wood is naturally also."
Explain the physiological functions of the five internal organs and their relationship.
Summarize the pathogenesis and transmission law of some visceral diseases to guide the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
1. Explain the physiological functions of five zang-organs: Chinese medicine explains some physiological characteristics and functions of five zang-organs according to the characteristics of five elements.
2. Explain the relationship between the five zang-organs: the functional activities of the five zang-organs are not isolated, but interrelated. The attribution of the five elements of the five zang-organs not only explains the functional characteristics of the five zang-organs, but also explains the internal relationship of the physiological functions of the five zang-organs with the theory of mutual restraint of the five elements, that is, the five zang-organs are interdependent and mutually restrictive.
(1) the relationship between the five internal organs and each other.
(2) the relationship between the five internal organs:
In short, the relationship between the five zang-organs shows that each zang-fu organ has the support of other zang-fu organs, so this zang-fu organ will not be wasted; There is also his dirty restriction, so it won't be too loud; If the original dirty qi is too abundant, it will be restricted by his dirty qi, while if the original dirty qi is insufficient, it will be nourished by his dirty qi. It can be seen that through this relationship, the viscera and organs are closely connected into a whole, thus maintaining the unity of the human internal environment. In addition, the relationship between the human body and the external environment, such as the four seasons, five qi, five flavors of diet, etc., is also explained by the five elements of traditional Chinese medicine.
Summarize the pathogenesis and transmission law of some visceral diseases.
1. About the occurrence of diseases: Because the five zang-organs have to respond to the five seasons, the pathogenesis of the four seasons and six qi is generally that the zang-fu organs suffer evil first. For example, the liver is affected by evil first in spring, the heart is affected by evil first in summer, the spleen is affected by evil first in summer, the lung is affected by evil first in autumn, and the kidney is affected by evil first in winter. This is the general law of the onset of evil at the main time.
However, sometimes it can also lead to "victorious" or "invincible" dirty diseases. If the climate is abnormal, it is too much to be angry before the season comes; When the season comes and the spirit hasn't arrived, you feel inferior.
The pathogenesis of excessive qi activity is that it can humiliate its invincible dirty and attack its victorious dirty. At the same time, even if I am born dirty, I may get sick.
The occurrence law of out-of-breath is not only to win the dirty and act rashly, but also to oppose insults, and it is invincible to attack the dirty. At the same time, even if you are dirty with me, you may get sick because of involvement. This is inferred from the law of five elements. Although this assumption can not completely conform to the objective law of clinical onset, it shows that the occurrence of the disease is indeed affected by natural climate change.
2. About the transmission of diseases: The mutual influence of visceral diseases is called "transmission", that is, diseases of internal organs can be transmitted to other organs, or diseases of other organs can be transmitted to internal organs. Based on the law of five elements, the transmission and change of pathology is mainly explained by the mother-child relationship of five elements and the rise and fall relationship of five elements.
(1) Transfer and change of mother-child relationship: that is, transfer and change according to the mutual relationship. Including "mother disease" and "child disease attacking mother"
(2) Transmission of bullying relationship: it mainly includes "multiplication transmission" and "mutual bullying transmission".
It should be pointed out that the pathological transmission of mother-child five elements or bullying does not necessarily occur in clinic. Whether this transmission occurs or not is related to the deficiency and excess of dirty qi, the nature of evil qi, nursing, treatment and other factors or illness. Generally speaking, dirty gas is transmitted, dirty gas is not transmitted or difficult to transmit, so we should treat it flexibly and not understand it mechanically. As "On Pollution in Towns in the Collected Works of Yu Su" said: "However, its sudden occurrence does not need to be cured by communication, or its communication is not inferior." That is to say, in the era of Neijing, it has been recognized that the spread and change of diseases, especially the onset of acute diseases, cannot be bound by the laws of the five elements. Only by proceeding from reality and truly mastering the laws of the spread and change of diseases can we effectively serve the prevention and treatment of diseases. The transmission and change of six meridians in typhoid fever theory and Wei Qi and Xue Ying in epidemic febrile diseases theory are the transmission and change laws with practical value summarized from a large number of clinical practices.
Used to guide the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Length is used for diagnosis: the human body itself is an organic whole, and visceral diseases can be reflected on the body surface of the body. Therefore, Lingshu originally hid: "Look at its external response, and you can know its internal organs, and then you can know its disease." Generally speaking, the pathological changes of human internal organs or their abnormal relations can be reflected from their color, sound, shape, taste, pulse condition, tongue coating and so on. Therefore, "Difficult Classics Sixty-one Problem" says: "Those who observe it can see its five colors to know its disease. Those who smell it, smell its five tones, are not sick. Those who ask and know, ask five flavors to know where the disease is. Those who know the pulse, diagnose their mouth, depending on their actual situation, to know their illness and what organs they are sick in. "
It can be seen that it is precisely because of the classification and attribution of the five zang-organs and the five elements of five colors, five senses, five flavors and five sounds that they have a certain relationship. This hierarchical structure of the five zang-organs system lays a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases. Clinically, we can synthesize the data of four diagnoses, and then infer the condition according to the attribution of the five elements and the law of their birth, resistance, abuse and abuse.
Generally speaking, Chinese medicine attaches great importance to the combined application of color diagnosis and pulse diagnosis, which can objectively reflect the condition. But if we want to judge the development trend of the disease from the color pulse, we must speculate according to the law of the five elements. "Jin Jian Xin Si Zhen" points out: "Color and pulse are consistent, … I have seen its color, but I can't feel its pulse. If I get it, I will die. If I get it, I will live. "
2. Used for treatment: mainly to control the spread of diseases and determine the principles and methods of treatment.
(1) Controlling the spread of diseases: The occurrence of diseases is mainly caused by the dysfunction of Yin, Yang, Qi and blood in human organs, and the dysfunction of organs and tissues is inevitably reflected in the imbalance between the production and restraint of viscera. The spread of disease is often that one organ is infected by the disease, or another organ is infected by the disease and spreads its own organs. Therefore, in the course of treatment, in addition to proper treatment of the sick viscera, we should also pay special attention to the transmission and transformation relationship with the related viscera, and make too many or too few adjustments according to the law of the Five Elements Theory, so as to control the transmission and transformation of the disease and restore its normal functional activities.
For example, if the liver is sick, we must first strengthen the spleen and stomach to prevent it from spreading. If the spleen and stomach are not injured, the disease will not spread and it will be easy to recover. Therefore, "seventy-seven difficult classics" said: "Seeing the disease of the liver, knowing that the liver should be transmitted to the spleen is true." Diseases are caused by internal organs, and the principle of treatment of other organs fully embodies the holistic view of TCM therapeutics.
However, whether the disease spreads or not depends on the functional state of internal organs. That is, the deficiency of the five internal organs changes, but not changes. Therefore, the synopsis of the golden chamber also points out: "When you see the disease of the liver, you should know that the liver transmits the spleen and strengthen the spleen first." If the spleen is prosperous in four seasons, it should not be supplemented. " That's what I'm saying.
In short, in clinical work, we should not only master the law of the spread and change of diseases in their development process, but also control their spread and change as soon as possible according to the law of their birth, abuse and abuse, so as to nip in the bud. It should also be treated according to its specific conditions, so some relations of the five elements can not be mechanically regarded as rigid formulas, but should be analyzed concretely and treated flexibly.
(2) Determination of treatment principles and methods: The corresponding treatment principles and methods are mainly determined according to the laws of mutual occurrence or mutual restriction, mainly in the following aspects:
First, the principle of treatment is determined according to the law of reciprocity: it is mostly used for maternal diseases, maternal diseases (that is, children stealing their mothers) and other syndromes. "Difficult Classics 66 Difficult Classics" says: "To make up for his mother in vain, but to save his son." Therefore, its basic treatment principle is to replenish the mother or diarrhea.
In addition, using the law of mutual benefit and symbiosis to treat, except the mother's disease and the sick child or the mother of the child, all can be treated by nourishing the mother or diarrhea. If it is a simple deficiency syndrome of children's diseases, they can also use the mother-child relationship to supplement their mothers and strengthen their symbiosis, thus contributing to the recovery of children's viscera deficiency syndrome.
According to the Five Elements Rule, there are three commonly used clinical treatments: nourishing water to contain wood, golden water to produce gold, and cultivating soil to produce gold.
The second is to determine the treatment principle according to the law of mutual treatment: it is often used in clinic to take advantage of and insult people's disease syndromes caused by mutual treatment disorder. There are three main differences: too much mutual resistance, too little mutual resistance and resistance (that is, mutual humiliation). The main mechanism is to use the method of restraining the strong or supporting the weak, focusing on restraining their strength and making it easy for the weak to recover. In addition, if necessary, we can use the law of mutual containment to strengthen the strength of the injured party in advance before the powerful party has multiplied and changed, thus preventing the development of the disease.
According to the law of five elements, there are four commonly used clinical treatments: restraining wood to help soil, cultivating soil to make water, helping gold to level wood, and purging the south to make up the north.
It should be pointed out that kidney is the dirty of fire and water, and kidney yin deficiency can also make fire hyperactive or violent, leading to sexual hyperactivity, such as wet dream, tinnitus, sore throat and dry throat. This is because the yin and yang of the kidney itself are on the high side and on the low side, which cannot be confused with the relationship between the five internal organs.
In addition, in acupuncture therapy, the application of the relationship between the five elements of life and grams is also of great significance. Examining the doctor on the website, the acupuncturist divides the acupoints at the the twelve meridians end of the hands, feet and limbs into five elements, namely, well, Rong, Shu, Jing and He, which belong to wood, fire, earth, gold and water respectively. Clinically, according to different situations, they can use the Five Elements Rule to generate resistance and abuse to select points and treat them.
Similarly, the relationship between birth and five elements is also instructive to psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is mainly suitable for emotional disorders. Emotion is born of five internal organs, and there is a relationship between the five internal organs, so there is also this relationship between emotions. It is precisely because of the physiological mutual inhibition of human emotional changes and the close relationship with internal organs in pathology that we can use the mutual inhibition of emotions in clinic to achieve the purpose of regulating emotions and treating diseases.
In addition, the five colors and flavors of drugs entering the five internal organs, such as white entering the lungs and sour entering the liver, are also the application of the five elements theory in the meridian tropism of drugs. Although it can't be copied mechanically, it also has certain clinical significance.