Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, especially since the reform and opening up, China's medical and health undertakings have made remarkable achievements. The medical and health service system covering urban and rural areas has basically taken shape, the ability of disease prevention and control has been continuously enhanced, the population covered by medical security has been gradually expanded, and the level of health science and technology has been rapidly improved. At present, the people's health level has improved significantly, and the main health indicators of residents rank in the forefront of developing countries.
First, major diseases have been effectively controlled, and the health level of urban and rural residents has continued to improve.
At present, the average life expectancy of China residents is 73.0 years, which is much higher than 35.0 years before the founding of the People's Republic of China. The national maternal mortality rate dropped from10.5 million /65438+ 10,000 at the beginning of the People's Republic of China to 34.2/65438+ 10,000 in 2008, and the infant mortality rate dropped from 200‰ at the beginning of the People's Republic of China to10.4 ‰ in 2008, all of which are in the forefront of developing countries.
Over the past 60 years, major infectious diseases that seriously threaten people's health have been effectively controlled by vigorously carrying out patriotic health campaigns and implementing national immunization programs and major disease prevention and control policies. The incidence of Class A and B legal infectious diseases in China has dropped from 2000/65438+10,000 in 1949 to 268438+0/65438+ 10,000 in 2008. China has successfully eliminated smallpox and filariasis, achieved the goal of polio-free, basically eliminated the goal of iodine deficiency disorders, and effectively controlled leprosy, schistosomiasis, malaria and other diseases that once seriously threatened people's health. Remarkable achievements have been made in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis, AIDS and hepatitis B, the serious epidemic trend of endemic diseases has been effectively curbed, and the prevention and control achievements have developed steadily. Significant achievements have been made in the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases.
Under the unified leadership and command of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the national health system adhered to scientific prevention and control, responded to the challenge of major emerging infectious diseases, won the victory in fighting SARS, effectively prevented and controlled human avian influenza, and made important achievements in preventing and controlling influenza A (H 1N 1), which ensured people's lives and safeguarded social stability and great achievements in reform and opening up.
Significant achievements have been made in the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases. Since 1990s, the government of China has actively promoted the prevention and treatment of major chronic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, psychosis, malignant tumors and oral diseases. Carry out publicity activities on healthy lifestyles for all, strengthen health education for all, actively advocate healthy lifestyles, actively prevent risk factors related to chronic diseases, and promote the sinking center for prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases. A situation of prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases initiated by the government, coordinated by departments, efforts by experts and social participation has initially taken shape.
Second, the health service system has been continuously improved, and the accessibility of people to services has been significantly improved.
In the early days of People's Republic of China (PRC), there were only 3,670 medical and health institutions in China, with 84,600 medical beds and 505,000 health technicians. At that time, medical institutions and medical personnel were basically concentrated in cities and towns, with poor medical equipment and low medical technology. The masses, especially farmers, are short of medicine and basic medical and health protection.
After 60 years of construction and development, China's medical and health undertakings have made great progress. By the end of 2008, there were 278,000 health institutions and 665,438+3,000 village clinics in China, and a health service system covering urban and rural residents was basically established. The total number of hospital beds in China is 4.036 million, and the number of beds in health centers of thousands of hospitals is 2.83; There are 6 169000 health workers in China, and 938000 rural doctors and health workers. The number of health professionals and technicians per 1 000 population in China is 3.8.
At the same time, the service support capacity and technical level of the health system have been greatly improved, and the people have benefited from the development. In 2008, the number of medical institutions (excluding village clinics) in China was 3.532 billion, and the number of inpatients was114.83 million. The prenatal check-up rate of pregnant women reached 9 1.0%, the postpartum visit rate was 87.0%, and the hospital delivery rate was 94.5%. The population benefiting from water improvement in rural areas accounts for 93.6% of the total rural population, the penetration rate of tap water in rural areas reaches 65.5%, and the penetration rate of sanitary toilets in rural areas reaches 59.7%.
At present, a number of large modern general hospitals and specialized hospitals have been built in China, which represent the highest level of clinical medicine in China and enjoy a high reputation in the world. Basically, an urban medical service system connecting community health service institutions with general hospitals at all levels and various specialized hospitals has been formed; And a rural three-level medical service network with county hospitals as the leader, village clinics as the bottom of the network and township hospitals as the nodes. The urban and rural medical service system is becoming more and more perfect, providing comprehensive, sustainable, safe, effective, convenient and cheap medical and health care services for urban and rural residents, which has played an important role in safeguarding people's lives and maintaining social stability in public health emergencies and major natural disasters.
Third, the basic medical insurance system has been continuously improved, and the level of medical security for urban and rural residents has been continuously improved.
China government attaches great importance to the establishment and development of medical security system. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the free medical care and labor insurance medical care systems were established, and the rural cooperative medical care system was established in the 1960s. The establishment and improvement of these systems have played an important role in ensuring the health of workers and farmers. In the 1990s, China initiated the reform of medical security system, actively and steadily promoted the construction of various medical security systems, and made remarkable progress. The basic medical insurance for urban workers has been steadily advanced. By the end of 2008, the number of urban basic medical insurance participants in China had reached 3180,000. From June 5, 2002 to 10, the government of China issued the policy of establishing a new rural cooperative medical system. Since 2003, the new rural cooperative medical system has been piloted and gradually popularized throughout the country. At present, it has covered all counties (cities, districts) with agricultural population in China, and the number of insured people has reached 833 million. The new rural cooperative medical system has brought benefits to more and more farmers and played an increasingly important role in reducing the economic burden of farmers' diseases.
The urban and rural medical assistance system was initially established. Rural medical assistance covers all agricultural population counties (districts), and 65% counties (districts) have launched urban medical assistance pilot projects. Commercial health insurance is booming. At present, various security systems cover 1 1 more than 100 million urban and rural residents, and a multi-level medical security system framework is being formed, providing a protective barrier for the vast number of urban and rural residents to resolve medical risks.
Fourth, the construction of health legalization has been further promoted, and people's health rights and interests have been continuously guaranteed.
Since the reform and opening up, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee have promulgated and implemented 1 1 some health-related laws, such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, the Law on Food Safety and the Law on Maternal and Child Health Care. The State Council has promulgated and implemented 37 administrative regulations, including Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions and Regulations on Emergency Response to Public Health Emergencies. The Ministry of Health has formulated and issued more than 200 departmental regulations, including the Prescription Management Measures. Effective health standard 1300 or above. A health legal system consisting of public health, medical services, health-related product management and medical security has been initially established, which has played an important role in protecting citizens' health and life safety, standardizing market economic behavior and promoting economic and social development.
Fifth, the reform of the medical and health system was officially launched, and efforts were made to achieve basic medical and health services for all.
China government has always attached great importance to the development of health undertakings, emphasizing the protection of people's health and life safety. In April this year, the China Municipal Government formulated and issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Medical and Health System and the Key Implementation Plan for the Recent Reform of the Medical and Health System, which defined the direction and major principles and policies for the reform and development of the medical and health undertakings in China in the new period, and emphasized that the basic medical and health system should be provided to the whole people as a public product, so as to realize the general requirement that everyone should enjoy basic medical and health services.
The overall goal of deepening the reform of medical and health system is to establish and improve the basic medical and health system covering urban and rural residents and provide safe, effective, convenient and cheap medical and health services for the masses. By 20 1 1, the basic medical security system will cover all urban and rural residents, the basic drug system will be initially established, the urban and rural primary medical and health service system will be further improved, basic public health services will be popularized, breakthroughs will be made in the pilot reform of public hospitals, the accessibility of basic medical and health services will be significantly improved, the burden of medical expenses for residents will be effectively reduced, and the problem of "difficult and expensive medical treatment" will be effectively alleviated. By 2020, a basic medical and health system covering urban and rural residents will be basically established. We have generally established a relatively complete public health service system and medical service system, a relatively sound medical security system, a relatively standardized drug supply security system, and a more scientific management system and operation mechanism of medical and health institutions, thus forming a diversified medical service pattern. Everyone enjoys basic medical and health services, basically meeting the people's multi-level medical and health needs, and the people's health level has been further improved.
In the recent reform focus, we will focus on the foundation, foundation and grassroots. From 2009 to 20 1 1 year, five key reforms were promoted, namely, accelerating the construction of the basic medical security system, initially establishing the national basic drug system, improving the basic medical and health service system, promoting the gradual equalization of basic public health services, and promoting the pilot reform of public hospitals. At present, all work is being actively and orderly carried out, supporting documents for reform are being issued one after another, some major reforms with conditions are being implemented one after another, the coverage of basic medical security continues to expand, and the construction of facilities in primary medical and health institutions is progressing smoothly. 1.5 Six public health service projects and nine national basic public health service projects, such as hepatitis B vaccine supplementation for people under 5 years old, cervical cancer and breast cancer screening for rural women aged 35-59, and surgery for poor cataract patients, have entered the implementation stage. The construction of the national basic drug system has been started, the preparatory work for the pilot reform of public hospitals is under way, and the reform of the medical and health system has made overall good progress.
The health cause in New China has gone through nearly 60 years of development, and the health work has accumulated important historical experience, which needs to be firmly grasped and continuously carried forward in the future work: the health work must adhere to and strengthen the strong leadership of the party and the government on health work; We must use Socialism with Chinese characteristics theory and health policy to guide health reform and development; We must persist in solving new contradictions and problems through reform and development. Health work must serve the overall situation of economic and social development; The highest mission of health work must be to safeguard and protect people's health rights and interests; We must adhere to the public welfare nature of public health; Health undertakings must adhere to the combination of highlighting key points and making overall plans; Health work must adhere to the combination of government leading and introducing market mechanism.
China's health service is facing unprecedented development. China Municipal Government will continue to adhere to the people-oriented principle and govern for the people, fully implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, seize the opportunity, meet the challenge, comprehensively promote health reform and development, and constantly improve the health level of the broad masses of the people.