In order to keep the balance of various systems in pregnant women and make the fetus grow healthily, we should pay attention to the health care of pregnant women in the second trimester:
1, increase nutrition.
Due to the needs of fetal development in the second trimester, the diet should be nutritious and easy to digest. It is necessary to ensure the quality of food and maintain a balanced nutrition. Eat more protein food, vegetables, fruits, etc. The recipe should be wide, not partial eclipse, to ensure the intake of various nutrients. Diet should be light, eat less salt and alkaline food during pregnancy to prevent edema and excessive flatulence. Avoid cold and spicy food, such as cold drinks, dried ginger, onions, garlic, peppers and so on. , to prevent cold and coagulation of the uterus, affect the development of the fetus or disturb the blood sea, leading to abortion.
2. increase calcium.
Calcium is the basic substance of bones and teeth of mothers and fetuses. When the pregnant woman is 8 weeks pregnant, the bones and teeth of the fetus begin to develop. Supplementing enough calcium at this time is of great benefit to the normal development of the fetus and the pregnant woman herself. Once pregnant women are short of calcium, they will have cramps, restless sleep, frequent sweating, easily frightened and other phenomena, and even lead to convulsions and other serious consequences. Calcium deficiency in pregnant women can lead to abnormal bone and tooth development, rickets and hand-foot convulsions.
3. Change clothes frequently.
Underwear should be made of pure cotton fabric with good breathability and hygroscopicity, which should be changed every day.
4. Pay attention to weight changes.
Average weight gain of pregnant women 10 ~ 12.5kg. Mothers' obesity is easy to induce diabetes and pregnancy poisoning. , leading to abnormal fetal development. Weight gain should not exceed 500 grams per week.
5, anti-edema.
During this period, some pregnant women will have edema in their feet or calves. If they stand or squat for too long or their belts are tied too tightly, the edema will get worse. General edema is accompanied by hypertension and urinary protein, which is a normal phenomenon after pregnancy. If the edema gets worse, you should go to the hospital for examination.
6, pay attention to prevent constipation.
Intestinal peristalsis and intestinal tension are weakened during pregnancy, and the amount of exercise is reduced, which is easy to constipation. Because of uterine compression and fetal presentation, defecation is also very difficult. To develop the habit of defecation, eat more vegetables and fruits containing more cellulose, and take laxatives orally when necessary, but prohibit laxatives to avoid miscarriage and premature delivery.
7, urinary tract infection can not be ignored.
Urinary tract infection is caused by functional and mechanical obstruction of ureter caused by endocrine changes and uterus enlargement during pregnancy. If not treated in time, it may lead to serious consequences such as abortion, premature delivery, fetal dysplasia and even malformation. Because most pregnant women have no symptoms or mild symptoms, they should pay special attention.
8. Keep a happy mood.
Listen to some relaxing music during pregnancy. A good mood can promote the growth and development of the fetus and reduce fetal movement. Don't listen to exciting rock music, but cultivate the interest in raising flowers and goldfish to dispel bad emotions and cultivate sentiment.
9. Ensure adequate sleep and proper activities.
Exercise can promote the blood circulation of pregnant women and fetuses, which is beneficial to the development of fetuses and the smooth delivery of pregnant women. But avoid excessive fatigue and heavy physical labor, and pay proper attention to rest.
10, strengthen prenatal education.
Consciously implement prenatal education and pursue the quality of prenatal education. In the process of prenatal education, the husband should be prepared to take care of his wife, let her experience the warmth of the family more, and maintain a happy mood and abundant energy. In addition, the husband should actively support his wife's efforts in prenatal education, actively participate in the process of prenatal education, and let the fetus be familiar with his father's deep and powerful voice, thus generating a sense of trust.
2. Daily necessities in the second trimester
1. When standing in the second trimester, your feet should be parallel and slightly separated, and your weight should be placed on the center of your feet, so that your body will not be easily tired.
2, when walking in the second trimester, pay attention to the pelvis slightly forward, the upper body is raised, the shoulders are slightly backward, the jaw is restrained, the chest is closed, and the abdomen is prominent, so as to maintain the whole body balance, but avoid standing for a long time.
3. When lying flat in the second trimester, take the supine position before pregnancy 16 weeks. You can put a pillow under your leg to relax. After pregnancy 16 weeks, taking lateral position is helpful to eliminate muscle tension, relieve fatigue and help sleep. In order to prevent the enlarged stomach from compressing the great abdominal vessels and affecting the blood return to the heart.
4. When you sit down in the second trimester, choose a chair with a backrest. Sit deeply in the chair, straighten your upper body and lean back comfortably. The height of the chair should be at right angles to the hip joint and knee joint, and the thigh should be parallel to the ground.
When moving light things, you should bend your legs and squat down first, and then stand up by your body.
3. Health care and supplementary nutrition in the second trimester of pregnancy
1, protein:
Increasing protein will help to establish fetal organs and tissues, and make appropriate reserves for labor consumption and postpartum milk secretion.
Protein-rich foods mainly include beef and mutton, chicken and duck meat, rabbit meat, eggs, fish, milk, soybeans, bean products and fruits. Pregnant women should eat animal protein and plant protein together, and take more animal protein.
2. Fat:
Fat intake can not only supplement the necessary nutrition for fetal brain development, but also store the necessary energy for delivery and postpartum lactation.
Expectant mothers use 2-3 spoonfuls of vegetable oil for cooking every day, which helps to consume fat. Other nuts such as hazelnuts, walnuts, peanuts and sunflower seeds are also rich in fat, so mothers don't have to worry about getting fat. For the sake of the baby, mothers should bear it first.
3. Trace elements:
Only by supplementing trace elements can we balance dietary nutrition, and mothers in the second trimester should pay special attention to the supplementation of calcium, iron, zinc and iodine.
Iron deficiency anemia will occur if iron-iron intake is insufficient or malabsorption, which can cause fetal growth retardation, premature delivery and even stillbirth in severe cases;
Pregnant women can eat more fruits such as animal liver, lean meat, poultry, fish, beans, green vegetables, peaches, pears and grapes.
Calcium-calcium deficiency during pregnancy, the mother is prone to low back pain, osteoarthralgia, hand and foot convulsions and other diseases, and the fetus is also prone to rickets;
Calcium nutrition can be taken from dairy products, seafood, soybeans and bean products, dark green leafy vegetables and so on. Be sure to drink two bags of milk or one bag of milk with soy milk every day.
Zinc-if the fetus does not get enough zinc, it will affect the growth of fetal bones, leading to intrauterine growth retardation and decreased immunity;
Expectant mothers should eat more foods rich in zinc, such as oysters, meat, animal liver, eggs and seafood.
Iodine-the demand for iodine in the second trimester has also increased, and expectant mothers can eat more seafood such as kelp, seaweed, sea fish, shrimp skin and fish floss.
4. vitamins:
In the second trimester, the demand for folic acid, vitamin B 17, vitamin B6, vitamin C and other B vitamins will increase. At this time, mothers should increase the intake of these vitamins.
4. Characteristics of fetal development in the second trimester of pregnancy
1. The fetal visual and auditory nervous systems began to develop one after another.
In the second trimester, with the development of the fetal audio-visual nervous system, the fetus becomes more sensitive to external stimuli, including light, sound and rhythm. Therefore, if the fetus can be given various sensory stimuli at this time, it can promote the development and maturity of its nervous system.
2. The critical period of fetal brain cell proliferation
In the second trimester, the neurons of fetal brain cells began to grow rapidly. At this time, if we can give them proper stimulation, it can promote the healthy development of fetal neural circuits and then promote the healthy development of their brains.
3. The fetal movement is obviously increased.
In the second trimester, the fetal body functions such as height and weight have been greatly developed. With the gradual enlargement of the fetus, the limited space in the uterus is not so spacious for them. In addition, the growth and development of fetal nervous system during this period made them less honest. They always want to stretch their arms, kick their calves or turn over. These actions of the baby will easily touch the uterine wall, leading to what we often call "fetal movement". Therefore, the second trimester is a period of frequent fetal movements and relatively large amplitude.