Firstly, the new characteristics of college retirees under the multi-campus model are analyzed.
1. The number of retirees is increasing.
In recent years, the number of retirees from colleges and universities in China has expanded rapidly, and the number of retirees in many colleges and universities has reached or exceeded half of the working population. For example, in Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, retirees accounted for about 45% of the total staff in 2009. The retired faculty of Suzhou University has reached 55% of the total number of in-service faculty; The retired staff of Suzhou Institute of Science and Technology has reached 42% of the total number of on-the-job faculty; Retirees from Yangzhou University account for 40% of the total number of employees.
2. The physical quality of retirees has generally improved.
Due to the development of social economy and the progress of medical science and technology, the longer the average life expectancy, the older the age, and the healthier the elderly. For a long time, college retirees have a stronger desire for health needs than other elderly people, are more sensitive to early signs of physical diseases, and attach great importance to medical care. In the eyes of most retired teachers, medical care is a necessary service to ensure a healthy and high-quality life. In addition, college retirees have a stable economic income. The existing research also shows that the better the economic conditions, the higher the demand for health services and the better the medical security conditions. These reasons make the physical quality of retired cadres in colleges and universities superior to other elderly groups.
3. Retirees have a strong will to participate in society.
College retirees usually have strong spiritual needs, high political consciousness and care about state affairs. Most of them have profound professionalism, practical experience or organizational ability. Once they leave their jobs, they will feel a great sense of loss. The survey found that retired teachers pay great attention to self-realization needs, have a clear sense of belonging and attachment to the group, hope that their abilities and values can be recognized by the society, and have a strong will to continue to participate in social development. Usually, there are two kinds of willingness of college retirees to participate in society, one is paid re-employment or external employment, and the other is to engage in social welfare work for free.
4. The residences of retirees are becoming more and more scattered.
With the popularization of multi-campus mode in colleges and universities, retirees often don't live together, but are scattered in various campuses. Secondly, according to China's traditional pension model, some retirees are willing to live with their children. The final residence is more and more scattered, and it is more and more difficult for the retired departments of colleges and universities to provide services and management.
5. The family structure is relatively complete, but the empty nest is serious and they are eager for emotional communication.
According to research, the number of empty-nest and intergenerational families among retired teachers in colleges and universities has increased significantly. This is because teachers' families pay more attention to children's education, which gives the next generation more opportunities to develop employment in other places. At the same time, although college retirees are willing to live with their children, they generally buy houses alone near their children's homes. Therefore, the intergenerational separation of the family is caused, many children are not around, lack of communication and exchange, and it is easy to produce negative emotions such as loneliness and loneliness.
Second, the theoretical basis of coordinating retirement work under the multi-campus model
As China enters an aging society, retirement plays an increasingly important role in economic development and social stability. In view of this situation, the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the requirement of "doing a good job of retired cadres in an all-round way", which reflected the concern and attention of the party and the state to the cause of aging. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the national strategy of "six old people" ("old people have a sense of security, medical care, education, learning, health and happiness") is a summary of China's aging work, and it is also the main idea to solve the problem of China's aging population. The 12th Five-Year Plan (draft) for the cause of aging in China proposes that China will respond to the problem of population aging with the strategy of "active aging". The goal of active aging is divided into three levels. One is health, so that people can stay healthy and take care of themselves when they get old, and few people need high-cost medical and nursing services; Second, participation. When people are old, they can continue to make contributions to society in two forms: paid and unpaid, according to their basic human rights, abilities, needs and hobbies. The third is to ensure that once the elderly cannot take care of themselves and protect themselves, their protection, dignity and care will be guaranteed, and families and communities will try their best to provide support for their elderly members. Under the guidance of this theory, the retirement work in colleges and universities should constantly innovate the working ideas and methods, carry out the work in a targeted manner, and finally achieve practical results.
Third, the new methods and new ways to promote the work of retired cadres in colleges and universities under the multi-campus model
With the aging of college teachers becoming more and more serious, the retirement work in colleges and universities has developed rapidly. Most colleges and universities set up retirement management institutions in the late 1990s to provide more professional and systematic services for veteran comrades. In recent years, the popularity of multi-campus model makes the living of retired workers more dispersed, which requires that retirement work must have new development to meet the demand.
1. Divide by sections and make overall planning.
First of all, according to the characteristics of each campus, the retirement office of each campus must be located under the retirement office, and the division of labor is in place. The retirement office makes overall arrangements for the overall work, and the retirement office is responsible for implementing and doing a good job in the daily service management of each campus. Secondly, according to the division of retired veteran comrades' residential areas, a working group was set up, whose main responsibility is to assist the office in communication and information feedback. Each group should grasp the dynamics of retired faculty members in the region, provide them with the required services in time, visit and express condolences regularly, and report the situation to the office at the first time.
2. Provide communication platform regularly to strengthen the contact between campuses.
Retirement departments can mobilize the enthusiasm of retired workers through various forms, let them actively participate in various activities, and strengthen the contact between retirement departments and retired workers.
First, retired offices in various campuses hold regular symposiums for veteran cadres. On the one hand, it is convenient to solve the problems that veteran cadres think, worry and expect in time; On the other hand, we can take this opportunity to inform the old comrades about the recent work of the school, so that the old comrades can always understand and care about the construction and development of the school and feel the importance attached to them by the school.
The second is to set up activity centers for retired teachers in various campuses to provide exchanges and activities for retired teachers and play the role of information collection.
The third is to organize visits between campuses. Every semester, we should organize old comrades to visit the development achievements of each campus in a planned way, so that they are full of confidence in the development prospects of the school, and at the same time provide opportunities for old comrades living in different campuses to get together and communicate.
The fourth is to carry out various activities that are beneficial to the physical and mental health of old comrades. Retirement offices can often invite experts to hold health forums or various cultural and sports activities in various campuses in turn, and organize old comrades to participate collectively, which not only enriches the spiritual and cultural life of old comrades in their later years, but also strengthens the ties between old comrades.
3. Keep pace with the times and innovate contact information.
Because the old comrades live scattered and the empty nest rate is high, it is the key and difficult point to provide quality and quantity services for the old comrades first. Therefore, it is very necessary to innovate the contact between old comrades and retired departments. First of all, among the functions of the retirement offices in each campus, the "emergency service for old comrades' families" has been added, and the "emergency service office" has been set up to solve emergency matters such as water and electricity maintenance and medical care for old comrades in the whole school. The work of the emergency service office needs the support and cooperation of all departments of the school, with clear responsibilities and division of labor, unified service items, and appropriate fees can be charged. Old comrades encounter various difficulties in their daily lives. After calling the "Emergency Service Office", the person in charge of the office will coordinate with the relevant departments and arrange people to come to the door for service. Secondly, establish QQ group of old comrades to keep abreast of the situation of old comrades with mobility difficulties. Retirees should come to the door to guide every old comrade to learn to use QQ, a modern contact method, agree on the time of surfing the Internet, and grasp the old comrades regularly [[〖HTSS〗]] (continued on page 17) [HT] [JP] [FL].
Thinking and Exploration of Bt (145) Freshmen's Mental Health
Ke Jinqing Ke Zhuowa [] (Guangdong University of Technology; Guangdong pharmaceutical university) [Bt]]
In recent years, the psychological problems of college students have become increasingly prominent, and mental health education is imminent. A correct understanding of freshmen's psychological problems and effective guidance and adjustment are conducive to their healthy growth. This paper analyzes the main psychological problems of freshmen, discusses the causes of these problems, and puts forward some coping strategies to help students grow up independently, happily and healthily. Countermeasures for freshmen's psychological problems [HT] [KH 1]
I. Introduction
The healthy growth of people includes two aspects, one is the healthy growth of the external body, and the other is the healthy growth of the internal mind. The essence of education is to promote the harmonious development of people. Therefore, as educators, college counselors and life instructors for the healthy growth of college students, we should correctly understand and analyze the psychological status of college students, especially freshmen who have just passed the college entrance examination, strengthen mental health education, guide them to maintain their physical and mental health and promote their all-round and harmonious development.
Second, the main psychological problems of freshmen
As a special group, freshmen's living environment, learning characteristics, interpersonal relationships and other factors have changed since they entered school, which makes them generally unsuitable for college life and brings psychological confusion, mainly in the following three aspects:
1. Environmental adaptation
Under the influence of the contemporary social environment, the personality characteristics of post-90s college freshmen are very distinct, and they have a strong sense of self and independence. After coming to the unfamiliar environment of the university, they are psychologically anxious to get rid of their parents' control and are disgusted that the outside world treats them as children. They are eager to grow up, but they are not really mature, and there is still a certain inertia of dependence on their parents, which leads to inadaptability to the environment. For example, the only child grew up in the doting of his parents, with poor self-care ability and weak psychological and emotional self-control ability. He still relies on his parents and is seriously homesick when he encounters major and minor problems. At the same time, the environmental adaptability of freshmen with economic difficulties is also more prominent. Most of them grew up in poor and backward areas, and their lifestyles and growing environment are different from those in cities. They may even fall into an embarrassing situation because of their living expenses, and are prone to psychological problems such as inferiority, isolation, whitewashing, jealousy and paranoia. In addition, freshmen of ethnic minorities are more prone to maladjustment in different ethnic groups and customs, such as diet and daily life.
2. Learning psychological problems
Compared with senior high school study, university learning style has changed greatly, with the characteristics of enhanced professional orientation, enhanced subjective initiative, diversified learning objectives and methods, and increased research and exploration. Studying in middle school, the teacher makes a study plan, the college entrance examination becomes a clear goal, and everything else is arranged by parents; After entering the university, there are fewer rules and regulations in middle school education, less nagging from teachers and parents, and more freedom and autonomy. As a result, many freshmen gradually lose their way, their goals are unclear, they are unconscious in their studies, and they do nothing outside the dormitory, canteen and classroom every day, and their lives are boring and at a loss. The mind is immature, and the self-power that should promote learning and growth is not strong enough. When you encounter so many complicated problems that need to be faced and solved independently in college, you will naturally feel confused. Without good external support, many freshmen become confused and helpless, and choose to escape and retreat. In addition, freshmen who used to be top students in high school have become ordinary students when they come to the university campus with abundant talents and full hands. In addition to the lack of clear learning goals, changes in learning characteristics, methods and environment may also make them feel stressed or even depressed. There are also some students who come to an ideal university or an ideal major and have a psychological contradiction between ideal and reality.
3. Interpersonal communication problems
Psychologically speaking, people always want to associate with others and get rid of loneliness. After four years of college, freshmen are most likely to feel lonely when they enter the university. After entering school, they stay away from their parents, relatives and friends. Some freshmen frequently call home to pour out their homesickness within a few days of entering school, and even feel homesick and cry, hoping for the early arrival of the "Eleventh" holiday and family reunion. Establishing good interpersonal relationships helps freshmen find a sense of belonging and eliminate psychological barriers. But freshmen have some limitations in interpersonal communication. The objects of communication are mainly former classmates, friends and fellow villagers, and most of the students in the dormitory are same-sex students. Narrow social circle is a way of communication induced by inferiority and shyness. Some poor freshmen will also be ashamed to communicate with others because of their inferiority complex, resulting in self-enclosed and withdrawn psychological communication obstacles, and may also have hatred of the rich. However, freshmen with superior family environment sometimes have a strong personality, are prone to arrogance, pay too much attention to themselves, ignore, despise or even exclude others, and thus cannot establish good interpersonal relationships with others.
Second, the psychological problems of freshmen countermeasures
The psychological state of freshmen is influenced by both the objective environment and their own subjective factors, which have both * * * characteristics and personality characteristics. As freshmen counselors, we should change from blind care for freshmen to rational care, carefully analyze the reasons and summarize the countermeasures, so as to carry out effective mental health education.
1. Understand the psychological problems of freshmen from the gender level.
Contemporary college freshmen grow up in the era of rapid economic development in China, and the social environment is undergoing rapid and tremendous changes. They live in the same social environment and their psychological problems have the characteristics of the times. Under the influence of diversified and multi-key social factors and cultural values, their thoughts have been impacted to a certain extent and their hearts have been strongly shocked. They are eager for knowledge, used to exploring, sensitive to accepting new things and have strong self-awareness. Most of them are only children, even if they are not only children, they are the generation that their parents care and love carefully, but this kind of love also limits their psychological maturity and independence and tends to be self-centered. At the same time, under the market economy, social competition is becoming more and more fierce, and the requirements for the younger generation are higher, whether it is IQ or EQ. However, under the pressure of college entrance examination, middle school students make a living by learning. The pressure of learning brought by parents' high expectations prevents them from getting the social experience they deserve, which obviously affects the formation of their outlook on life, values and world outlook, hinders their psychological growth and maturity, and makes them smart, positive and innovative, as well as naive and naive.
2. Grasp the psychological problems of freshmen from personality characteristics.
The complexity, variability and uniqueness of freshmen's psychological problems also come from the individual characteristics of different freshmen. From the perspective of personality characteristics, the psychological maturity of different freshmen varies greatly due to the great differences in family atmosphere and growth environment. Some students have been able to grow up independently, and some students are still confused in dependence. The differences in family economic conditions make some students feel too good about themselves and have a strong sense of superiority, while others feel too inferior, vain or dissatisfied with reality. These differences in the objective environment lead to the differences in the psychological conditions of freshmen. As a new generation of college students whose thoughts are no longer single, their subjective consciousness also has its own characteristics, and the complexity of ideological characteristics also brings the uniqueness of psychological problems. They have different views on things, and when there is a contradiction between ideal and reality, they present different psychological troubles. Some students know how to think from another angle, and their mood is suddenly enlightened. Some students are opinionated and have been entangled in contradictions.
Step 3: Countermeasures
According to the above characteristics, mental health education can be carried out from the collective and individual levels to guide and guide them to self-debugging.
First, focus on the big environment of modern students' growth, understand what is the social ideological trend that affects them, understand the characteristics of this generation of students, eliminate the generation gap and be close to students. At the same time, create a warm and harmonious collective, carry out collective mental health education focusing on ideological education, strengthen education on ideals and beliefs, patriotism, situation and policies, civic morality and quality education, help them understand society and national conditions, establish a correct outlook on life, values and world outlook, enhance adult consciousness and social responsibility, and optimize freshmen's psychological personality.
Second, starting from the individual, we should set up freshmen's files, understand each freshman's family structure, family atmosphere, parenting style, students' feelings in the family, understand the important events in each freshman's growth and their influences, and grasp the growth environment of each individual, so as to understand each student more deeply and accurately, form a good psychological counseling relationship, provide a good premise and an appropriate starting point for psychological counseling, and improve the effectiveness of psychological counseling. Specific analysis of specific problems, such as strengthening adult consciousness independence education for freshmen with poor life independence, giving more care in life, so that they can find a sense of security and belonging; Because freshmen's understanding of the uncertainty of the university after entering the university is limited by the university, the contradiction between ideal and reality makes them confused about the lack or ambiguity of their learning goals. We can train them to manage by objectives and study psychological choices to help them adjust and transform their goals dialectically and establish goals suitable for their own development. There is an ideal goal waiting for us in the distance, which can make us live more seriously and overcome the potholes in front of us. Economic difficulties are temporary, but the impact of psychological poverty is long-term. For the special group of poor freshmen, we should make good use of "heart-to-heart talk", grasp the appropriate scale, really think for them, communicate with them mentally and emotionally, help them win funding or work-study programs, solve their survival pressure, strive to make them self-respecting, confident and self-reliant, and strengthen the education of honesty and gratitude. Although the starting line is a step slower, the journey of life should be more forward. Through our own efforts, we should change the current situation of family difficulties, fulfill parents' wish to let their children get ahead, make contributions to social development and realize our own life value. For freshmen with interpersonal problems, we should guide and guide them to realize the importance of communication. People cannot exist independently from others. They should establish harmonious interpersonal relationships. When communicating, they should correct their attitude and give up their inferiority complex. They should not be condescending and supercilious in life, but should be confident, able to accept others and make their minds relaxed and happy.
Third, the conclusion
Freshman is a critical period for undergraduates. How to maintain their physical and mental health, help them adapt to the new environment as soon as possible and actively integrate into campus life is a key point of our freshman counselor's work. Whether students can grow up healthily depends not only on their own development and the guidance of counselors, but also on the education of parents and the correct guidance of society. Without any party, our education is weak. As a counselor, you must first have a healthy body and mind, a positive attitude, and words and deeds are not as good as example. At the same time, we should master some psychological knowledge, educate and guide freshmen with correct methods, carry out work with the idea of "shifting the center of gravity downwards, preventing it from moving forward and tracking it for a long time", publicize and popularize psychological knowledge, carry out psychological counseling, create a warm and safe love environment, and provide a good environment for students' psychological growth. It's been a month since freshmen reported for school. During this period, I deeply feel that counselors, especially freshmen, have a long way to go, but I will stick to the spirit of "tolerance, introversion, optimism and enterprising" and continue to move forward in the post of counselor.
References:
Wang Xiyong. Mental health care of college students [M]. Guangzhou: Sun Yat-sen University Press, 200 1.
[2] Wu Hande. Mental health of college students [M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2003.62.