In the 20th century, the traditional radiator cooling method has been used in winter heating of civil buildings in China, while the high-end hotels and guesthouses use central air conditioning. In recent years, according to the requirements of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, energy conservation and environmental protection have become an important part of building a conservation-oriented society and developing a circular economy in China. Green building has become the theme of architecture in China, and various new heating methods have been widely used in architecture. This paper expounds this new heating mode from the perspective of environmental protection and energy saving. 1. Central heating radiator heating takes urban heating network, regional heating network or large central heating as heat source, and dissipates heat through radiator. Because it is mature in technology, safe and reliable, easy to use, low in initial investment, and heating 24 hours a day. Therefore, at present, even in the future, it may still be the main way of urban residential heating. However, with the appearance of new heating mode, this traditional mode also shows its shortcomings: 1) heating time and temperature can not be controlled by itself; 2) It takes up space and affects the decoration effect (although the radiator has been improved from the old cast iron radiator and flat tube radiator to the artistic aluminum radiator, this shortcoming has not been completely improved. ) 3) When the temperature reaches 8℃, it will produce dust balls, which will cover the wall above the heater with dust and have a certain impact on human health. Cost: Take 100㎡ room as an example. According to the current regulations of Longkou City, Shandong Province, the payment for heating operation is 23.5 yuan /m2 per heating season (usually 4 months). The whole heating season needs to pay 2350 yuan. 2. Floor radiant heating Low-temperature floor radiant heating is a system that uses the ground inside the building for heating. It uses low-temperature hot water as the heating medium, and heats the floor to the surface temperature of 18℃-32℃ through the heating pipe buried under the floor, and radiates heat evenly to the room to achieve the heating effect. It is an energy-saving heating system for regulating indoor microclimate. Heat sources can be provided in different ways, such as domestic gas heating stoves, municipal heating pipe networks and residential boiler rooms. Because it has the characteristics of thermal comfort, stable thermal balance, energy saving, maintenance-free and convenient management, it successfully solves the problem of insufficient heat source in buildings with high space, large span and low windows such as exhibition halls and halls, and improves the heating comfort and quality of life. It is more and more popular in new houses, finely decorated apartments and long-span buildings. It can be said that low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating is an ideal heating method, and its advantages are: (1) it has health care function. According to the human body's demand for heating, the ideal indoor temperature should be "warm enough to cool the roof" advocated by Chinese medicine. The floor temperature of low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating is uniform, and the room temperature gradually decreases from bottom to top, giving people the comfort of warming their feet and cooling their heads, which is in line with the physiological adjustment of human body. The air convection is weakened, there is no foul air convection, the indoor air is very clean, and the air cleanliness is good. It is especially suitable for the elderly and children, and has preventive and therapeutic effects on arthritis patients. (2) High efficiency and energy saving. The radiation heating mode has higher thermal efficiency than the convection heating mode (if the design parameter is 16℃, the heating effect can reach 20℃), and the conveying temperature of the heat medium is low, so the heat loss in the conveying process is small; Residents can also adjust the room temperature through the water inlet valve switch as needed. Compared with other heating methods, it is more energy-saving, and the energy-saving range is about 10% ~ 20%. (3) Because there is no radiator and its branch pipes, there is no need to consider the problem of radiator cover, which is convenient for indoor decoration and furniture placement, and the indoor use area is increased by 2% ~ 3%. (4) When laying the floor heating pipeline, it is necessary to lay a layer of polystyrene board on the ground for heat insulation, which can also enhance the sound insulation effect. (5) Long service life. Low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating is to bury plastic pipes in concrete on the ground. If no one destroys it, its service life will be more than 50 years, and it will not corrode or scale, which greatly reduces the trouble brought to users by maintenance and can save maintenance costs to a great extent. But it is not perfect: 1) Because of its structural characteristics, it needs thermal insulation layer and concrete protective layer, with a total thickness of about 8cm, which reduces the height; 2) During the secondary decoration, nails can't be nailed to the ground, which is easy to damage underground pipelines, which is troublesome to maintain and requires high pipelines. High-tech environmental protection pipes with pressure resistance, temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and good thermal stability should be selected; 3) The wooden floor is cracked, so it is not suitable to use pure solid wood floor, and the wooden floor may be deformed over time. Cost: The initial installation cost is relatively high, about 55 yuan /m2, and the operation cost can be saved by 30% if charged by measurement. 3. electrothermal film electrothermal film is a translucent polyester film, which can generate heat after being electrified. Using electricity as energy source, a special conductive ink and metal intercepting strip are printed between two layers of polyester film by hot pressing, and an independent temperature control device is equipped. Low-temperature radiant electric heating films are used as heating elements, most of which are suspended ceilings, and a few of them are laid in walls or even under floors. The characteristics of electrothermal film heating are as follows: 3. 1 Safety electrothermal films are all laid under the floor or floor tiles, and protective layers are also laid between the films. In addition, the electrothermal film itself is completely waterproof, and the joints have been waterproof, so that the whole system is waterproof and moisture-proof. When the electrothermal film works, the maximum surface temperature is limited, and there will be no accidents such as burns and fires. 3.2 Energy Saving In modern society, energy saving is the last word. The electrothermal film heating system is equipped with intelligent temperature controller. Temporarily unused rooms can be turned down or closed, and the room temperature can be adjusted and kept constant according to personal needs, so as to achieve the purpose of economic operation and energy saving. 3.3 Environmental protection electrothermal film heating system is environmentally friendly because of its own special principle. There is no environmental pollution such as coal ash and combustion waste gas, and the system has no noise and odor. Especially, compared with the traditional heating system, electrothermal film heating does not produce dust drifting caused by hot air convection, which makes the indoor air cleaner and less harmful to human health. 3.4 Long service life The electrothermal film heating system can be installed once, which can be maintained for life, without external damage, and the failure rate is very low. And its own special material is also very durable and has a long service life. It can be said that the electric heating film is the same as the room. Because of its adjustable constant temperature, economic comfort, environmental protection, long service life and maintenance-free, it has been widely used in finely decorated apartments. However, its disadvantages are as follows: 1) The electrothermal film generates heat slowly, and it usually takes 1h- 1.5h to reach 18℃; 2) System installation shall be carried out simultaneously with decoration, and nails and holes shall not be nailed on the ceiling. Therefore, it is not suitable for residential areas with poor and unstable power supply or high electricity bills. Cost: Take 100m2 as an example, 1d consumes 60 kWh of electricity, and the cost of a heating season is 3,500 yuan according to the 0.4 yuan per kWh. 4. Household wall-mounted gas heating This method is usually to install a wall-mounted boiler in the kitchen or balcony. The wall-hung boiler burns natural gas to achieve the purpose of heating. Indoor pipes and radiators are connected to a wall-hung boiler, which can generally provide both heating and hot water at the same time. You can set your own heating time and measure it by household. When there is no one at home, you only need to keep the operation at a low temperature of about 4℃ (antifreeze effect). Compared with traditional heating, it is advanced, energy-saving and safe. It can be installed on the wall and in the corner of the room, and can also provide domestic hot water at the same time, but there are hidden dangers such as safety and pollution. It is more suitable for low-density residential buildings in the suburbs. Cost: The upfront cost is relatively high. It costs about 10000 yuan to install a gas stove, and its service life is about 15 years. Take 100m2 as an example. When the set temperature of the furnace is 60℃ and the room temperature is around 20℃, the average gas consumption is 1h 1 word, and the gas per word is calculated by 0.8 yuan. If you use 15h every day, you will probably need 15 yuan, and a heating season will cost 22,557. 5. Home central air conditioning system Central air conditioning has high grade, good appearance and high comfort. However, the cost is high, each set is worth tens of thousands of yuan, the paving cost per square meter is as high as 500 yuan, and the operating cost is high (mostly for electricity), which is mostly used in hotels and high-end apartments, and is not suitable for most ordinary families. 6. Household electric boilers Household electric boilers have small floor space, simple installation and convenient operation, and can provide domestic hot water while heating. High comfort, suitable for large low-density houses and villas. However, the initial investment is large and the operation cost is high, so this product is not suitable for using low-valley electricity to store heat for heating to achieve the most energy-saving effect. 7. Water source heat pump air conditioning system Water source heat pump air conditioning system is an air conditioning heating system with groundwater as the heat source and fan coil as the end for forced heat dissipation. The system must be equipped with underground compensation backwater equipment and centralized circulating water system. In addition to the increase in investment scale, it will also involve many complex factors such as water resources and environmental protection, which is difficult to implement. In water-deficient areas, it is forbidden to use such equipment. 8. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various heating methods. When choosing heating methods for new buildings, we should try our best to choose environmental protection and energy-saving heating methods according to the building type, heating pipe network conditions, decoration grade and other factors.
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