Adhere to a low-salt and low-fat diet, maintain emotional stability and smooth stool.
Cerebral infarction collocation: Usually, the diet is light, eat more foods rich in vitamins, eat more vegetables, fruits and foods rich in cellulose, as well as lean meat, river fish and bean products in protein, and do not eat snacks or meals before going to bed. It is very important to increase the amount of exercise.
Problems in diet of mild cerebral infarction;
1. Dietary guidance:
(1) Based on the principle of low fat, low cholesterol, low salt (hypertension), moderate carbohydrate and rich vitamins, eat less fat, lard, cream, egg yolk, animal offal, sweets and sweets, and eat more lean meat, fish and shrimp, bean products, fresh fruits and vegetables and iodine-containing foods, and advocate the consumption of vegetable oil.
(2) Control the total calories, prevent overeating, eat regularly, and avoid overeating or excessive hunger.
(3) Drink tea properly, because tea contains catecholamine, theophylline and other ingredients, which can increase the toughness of blood vessels and improve blood circulation.
(4) Quit smoking and drinking. Nicotine in tobacco can cause vasospasm and damage the blood vessel wall. Long-term drinking will lead to high blood pressure.
Safety instructions:
(1) Establish a comfortable and safe environment, pay attention to the safety of patients, and have soft indoor lighting and no dangerous goods. It is advisable to place items for the convenience of patients.
(2) During walking training, pay attention to prevent fractures caused by falls and keep the ground flat and dry. Bathrooms and toilets should be equipped with handrails, and patients should wear soft-soled shoes that are light, non-slip and suitable for feet. When cooking in daily life, patients should be given enough time to avoid urging, and do not let patients leave the safe environment without authorization to prevent accidents.
Life nursing guidance:
(1) Family members should be patient when taking care of patients, and make daily life schedules according to patients' living habits to encourage patients to take care of themselves.
(2) For patients who stay in bed for a long time, they should turn over regularly, massage, carry out physical function activities, keep the mattress flat and dry, prevent bedsores and complications, and add a bed bar when staying in bed to prevent falling out of bed.
(3) Family members can provide care, supervision and help in daily life and personal hygiene according to the patient's self-care ability, such as washing face, brushing teeth, changing clothes, taking a bath, eating, having a haircut, shaving, and trimming nails.
(4) Family members should try their best to meet the interests and reasonable requirements of patients, arrange activities appropriately, encourage patients to participate in group activities, and let patients go out appropriately, but they must be accompanied by someone, pay attention to safety in case of accidents, and wear identification cards (name, address, contact person, telephone number, etc.). ) give it to patients so that they can easily find it once they lose it.
(5) Moderate functional exercise. Patients should pay attention to the symptoms of excessive activity, such as general weakness, pale face or uncoordinated movement, rapid heartbeat and breathing, and even difficulty breathing. Stop activities immediately and seek medical attention if necessary.
(6) Develop good living habits, such as good sleeping habits. Besides taking a nap during the day, try not to stay in bed, and the nap time should not be too long. Eat moderately. Dinner should not be too full. It is not advisable to drink more tea or stimulating drinks after meals. Soaking your feet with warm water helps you fall asleep.
2. Rehabilitation training guidance:
Walking training leads to even stride and moderate frequency. Stretch your hips and knees, lift your heels first, and shift your center of gravity smoothly, not too fast. One heel should also land first, and then the center of gravity shifts to the heel to start the next gait cycle.
Daily life action training:
(1) hitting the ball can teach patients to alternately clap the ball or hit the balloon with both hands, thus training patients' coordinated movements and promoting patients' unconscious independent activities.
(2) Knitting a sweater belongs to fine motor training, which is not only conducive to training patients' eye-hand coordination ability, but also conducive to the cultivation of senses such as feelings and senses, and is conducive to the functional recovery of cranial nerves.
Language training guides patients to do oral practice;
Teach patients to do 5 ~ 18 times/unit training for each movement such as pouting, bulging cheeks, showing teeth and knocking teeth, and teach patients to learn pronunciation. Send a single tone first, and then the difficulty can gradually deepen. You can use pictures, word cards, objects, etc. to strengthen the patient's memory and ask the patient to read aloud to stimulate the memory.
Psychological nursing guidance:
(1) Respect the patient, listen to the patient patiently, speak loudly and slowly when talking with the patient, use short and clear words, repeat key points, and use auxiliary devices such as hearing AIDS and literacy cards when necessary, so as to communicate better.
(2) Patients may feel inferior and negative because of hemiplegia or aphasia, or they may be impatient because they can't take care of themselves. Family members should pay attention to patients, communicate with patients more, give spiritual and material support, relieve their worries and stabilize their emotions, which is conducive to their recovery.
3. Summary
The disability rate and recurrence rate of cerebral infarction are as high as 20% ~ 40%. Patients have to go through a long rehabilitation period after acute treatment, and rehabilitation nursing during the rehabilitation period is very important. /Zhang Wen /20070 126/969835.html