English name: grape seed extract
[English name]: Grape seed extract
[Latin scientific name]: Grape.
[Source]: European grape seeds
[Description]: reddish brown powder, slightly angry and astringent.
[use]
As a raw material of health food, it is directly made into capsules and other dosage forms, which is one of the top ten best-selling varieties of natural plants in the United States. High-quality opc is widely used in drinks and wine because of its good solubility in water and alcohol, bright color and remarkable curative effect. As a natural functional ingredient with strong antioxidant capacity, it is widely added to cakes, cheese and other common foods in Europe and America, not only as a nutritional enhancer, but also as a natural preservative to replace synthetic preservatives (such as benzoic acid), which meets the requirements of people returning to nature and improves food safety.
Grape seed extract is a kind of nutritious food refined from effective active nutrients extracted from natural grape seeds and main raw materials such as vitamin E. Grape seed extract is a new and efficient natural antioxidant extracted from grape seeds, which cannot be synthesized in human body. It is the substance with the strongest antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability found in nature at present. Its antioxidant activity is 50 times that of vitamin E and 20 times that of vitamin C, which can effectively scavenge redundant free radicals in the human body, and has super effects of delaying aging and enhancing immunity. Anti-oxidation, anti-allergy, anti-fatigue, strengthening physique, improving sub-health state, delaying aging, and improving symptoms such as irritability, dizziness, fatigue, and memory loss.
Suitable crowd
Often tired, prone to colds and allergies;
Irritability, dizziness and fatigue, and memory loss;
Sub-health people such as physical weakness.
[[Function]
：
● Oxidation resistance
● Eye care function (can reduce the incidence of degenerative spots and cataracts)
● Heart rate health care function (reducing exercise-induced atherosclerosis)
● Reduce the risk of cancer
Enhance the strength of blood vessels (enhance the elasticity of blood vessel walls)
● It has anti-inflammatory and detumescence effects.
anthocyanin
Scientific name: opc
Anthocyanin is a water-soluble pigment, which can change color with the pH of cell fluid. Cell sap is red when it is acidic and blue when it is alkaline. Anthocyanin is one of the main pigments that constitute the color of petals and fruits. It is produced by phenylpropanoid pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The factors that affect the coloration of anthocyanins include the structure, ph and coloration of anthocyanins. The color of pericarp is influenced by internal and external factors and cultivation techniques. Light can increase anthocyanin content; High temperature will degrade anthocyanins. Anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite of plants and plays an important role in physiology. The color of petals and fruits can attract animals to pollinate and spread seeds (Stintzinand and carle, 2004). It is commonly found in the tissues of flowers and fruits, as well as in epidermal cells and lower epidermis of stems and leaves. The market price of some fruits is determined by the depth of color. Anthocyanin belongs to flavonoids in phenolic compounds. The basic structure consists of two benzene rings connected by a 3-carbon unit (c6-c3-c6). Anthocyanins are produced through phenylpropionic acid pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and are catalyzed by many enzymes. There are six aglycones, namely geraniol, cyanidin, delphinidin, paeoniflorin, petunia and mallow. Anthocyanins show different colors due to different hydroxyl groups (-oh), methylation, glycosylation, sugar types and connection positions (Fan, 1998). The expression of color is influenced by the changes of biochemical environmental conditions, such as anthocyanin concentration, color effect and ph value in fluid cells (clifford, 2000). The aim is to understand the factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis and provide reference for field cultivation management.
Orange and yellow are the functions of carotene. 19 10 found β -carotene in carrots, and then found two other isomers of carotene in * * * *, namely α, β and γ. β -carotene has been patented by 1958 (us2849495,1958 on August 26th, patentee: Hoffman Roche), which is mainly extracted from the ocean and can also be artificially synthesized.
There are more than 300 different anthocyanins in nature. They come from different kinds of fruits and vegetables, such as purple sweet potato, blueberry, cranberry, blueberry, grape, elderberry red, blackcurrant, purple carrot and red cabbage, and their colors range from red to blue. These anthocyanins mainly include delchindin, cyanidin, petunia and paeoniflorin.
The color of anthocyanins changes with the change of ph value, from raspberry red at ph 3 to dark blueberry red at ph 5. In most applications, these pigments have good light, heat and ph stability, and can withstand pasteurization and uht heat treatment. Anthocyanins are widely used in beverages, sweets, jellies and jams. The color changes of purple sweet potato anthocyanins at different ph values are shown at the bottom right: the color changes of purple sweet potato anthocyanins at different ph values.
In recent years, more and more people began to pay attention to the possible health benefits of anthocyanins as polyphenols. In the future, this characteristic of anthocyanins may be more and more used in functional food and health food. At present, there are mature anthocyanin products in the market, mainly including blueberry anthocyanin, blueberry anthocyanin, cranberry anthocyanin, elderberry anthocyanin, blackberry anthocyanin and black bean skin anthocyanin, with the content of 25% or 40%. Mr. Xue Xifeng of Xi 'an Tianyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. made a detailed study on the extraction process, and started mass production of 25% anthocyanins at 200 1.
The role of anthocyanins
Anthocyanins are widely found in the tissues of purple sweet potato, grape, blood orange, red cabbage, blueberry, eggplant skin, cherry, red orange, cranberry, strawberry, mulberry, hawthorn skin, perilla, black (red) rice, morning glory and other plants.
Anthocyanin brings many benefits to human body. Fundamentally speaking, anthocyanin is a powerful antioxidant, which can protect the human body from a harmful substance called free radicals. Anthocyanins can also enhance blood vessel elasticity, improve circulatory system and skin smoothness, inhibit inflammation and allergy, and improve joint flexibility. Some functions of anthocyanins are listed as follows:
1. helps to prevent many diseases related to free radicals, including cancer, heart disease, premature aging and arthritis;
2. Reduce the occurrence of heart disease and stroke by preventing platelet aggregation caused by stress reaction and smoking;
3. Enhance the immune system to resist carcinogens;
4. Reduce the number of colds and shorten the duration;
5. It has antimutagenic effect, thus reducing the formation of carcinogenic factors;
6. It has anti-inflammatory effect, so it can prevent inflammation including arthritis and swelling;
7. Alleviate pollinosis and other allergies;
8. Enhance the elasticity of arteries, veins and capillaries;
9. Protect the inner wall of arterial blood vessels;
10. Maintain the normal elasticity of blood cells, help red blood cells pass through tiny capillaries, thus enhancing blood circulation throughout the body, bringing direct benefits to organs and systems in various parts of the body and enhancing cell vitality;
1 1. Relaxation of blood vessels promotes blood flow and prevents hypertension (antihypertensive effect);
13. Prevent the hypertension caused by angiotensin converting enzyme released by the kidney (another hypotensive effect);
14. As a barrier to protect brain cells, prevent the formation of amyloid β protein, glutamate toxicity and free radical attack, thus preventing Alzheimer's disease;
15. By inhibiting elastase and collagenase, the skin becomes smooth and elastic, and the skin is prevented from being damaged by excessive sun exposure from both inside and outside.
[Edit this paragraph] Research and application of anthocyanins
Modern people find that although the research on antibiotics and vitamins has been very in-depth, it can't solve modern diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and sub-health status, and can't solve the problems of prolonging life and resisting aging. Scientific research: If the problem of free radicals is solved, then human cells can really grow freely, and the average life expectancy of people will definitely reach 1.25 years. Therefore, people's life span directly depends on their ability to resist oxidation and free radicals, and the discovery of anthocyanins has found the simplest and most effective anti-oxidation and anti-aging methods for people all over the world.
The discovery and application of anthocyanins made mankind enter the anthocyanin era of 2 1 century from the era of antibiotics and vitamins in the 20th century!
With the development of science and technology, people pay more and more attention to the safety of food additives, and the types and quantities of synthetic pigments have been greatly reduced. Therefore, the development and application of natural pigments has become the general trend of food pigments in the world.
Anthocyanin is a kind of water-soluble pigment widely existing in plants, belonging to flavonoids. There are six common plants, namely geranium pigment (p g), cornflower pigment (cy), delphinium pigment (dp), peony pigment (pn), morning glory pigment (pt) and mallow pigment (mv). Free anthocyanins are rare in natural conditions, and often form anthocyanins with one or more of glucose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose and arabinose through glycosidic bonds. Glycosides and hydroxyl groups in anthocyanins can also form acylated anthocyanins with aromatic acids and fatty acids of one or several molecules such as coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid through ester bonds. There are more than 250 kinds of natural anthocyanins, which exist in plants belonging to 73 genera and 27 families.
The developed anthocyanin grape skin pigment is the earliest and richest anthocyanin pigment. It is obtained by extracting waste grape pomace from wineries with water or ethanol, then refining and vacuum concentrating. The main components are Malva pigment -3- glucosyl, syringin, dimethyl delphinidin, methyl anthocyanin, delphinidin and so on. Widely used in the production of beverages, cold drinks, cakes, jams, etc.
Roselle pigment (Roselle Red) is extracted and refined from the calyx of Millet belonging to Hibiscus of Malvaceae, and 100g dry calyx can be obtained10.5g total anthocyanin. The main components are delphinidin -3- Sambucin, cyanidin -3- Sambucin and a small amount of delphinidin -3- glycoside and anthocyanin.
Sorghum red pigment is extracted from the pericarp of purple-black or reddish-brown sorghum seeds, and its main components are apigenin and quercitrin. Sorghum red is stable to light and heat. It can be reddish brown under both acidic and alkaline conditions, and has strong dyeing ability. It is an edible reddish-brown pigment. Because of its stable nature, it is widely used.
In addition, anthocyanins are also developed and applied internationally, such as peanut red pigment, sunflower red, blackcurrant red, natural amaranth red, purple corn pigment, mulberry red pigment, red rice red (black rice red), perilla pigment, red cabbage pigment and blue spindle fruit red. Anthocyanin pigments are red in acidic environment, with bright colors and good stability to light, heat and oxygen (except grape skin pigments). They are one of the best natural pigments for daily use. In China, except purple cabbage pigment, perilla pigment, blue spindle fruit red and purple corn pigment, others are widely used.
Application Research and Problems Anthocyanin, like other natural pigments, is non-toxic and has no side effects, high safety, natural color tone, closer to the color of natural substances, and has health care function. However, compared with synthetic pigments, anthocyanins also have some defects. Anthocyanins are very sensitive to ph, temperature, light and metal ions, and their stability is poor. For example, the hue will change obviously with the change of pH, and it will appear red in acidic environment, purple in neutral environment and blue in alkaline environment.
Anthocyanin molecules have a polymer yoke system with acidic and basic genes, and are easily soluble in polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, dilute alkali and dilute acid. Methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid or formic acid is usually used as the solvent for extraction, and acid can prevent the degradation of non-acylated anthocyanins. However, these acids can lead to the degradation of pigments during evaporation and concentration. In some plants, a small amount of acid will partially or completely hydrolyze acylated anthocyanins. The comparative experiments of various methods for extracting anthocyanins from grapes show that acylated anthocyanins can be partially hydrolyzed when HCl in the solvent reaches 0.1.2 mol/L. It is difficult to reach the standard of ≥24% by simple extraction and purification technology, but European countries can make the anthocyanin content of the extract ≥36% by using their own extraction and purification technology.
In recent years, there have been many reports on the antioxidant and physiological functions of anthocyanins, and the relationship between their antioxidant and chemical structure has been studied. However, the antioxidant function of anthocyanins in living tissues is rarely confirmed, so the following issues need to be further studied: the mechanism of anthocyanin absorption by human body, the effect of anthocyanin conversion products on human body, pharmacokinetics, species morphology or tissue structure distribution.
In the future, the potential anthocyanin pigments widely exist in the tissues of grape, blood orange, purple cabbage, blueberry, eggplant skin, cherry, red orange, cranberry, strawberry, mulberry, hawthorn skin, perilla, purple sweet potato, black (red) rice, morning glory and other plants. In 1980s, four kinds of anthocyanins were extracted from cabbage leaves in Japan and used as food colorants (red to purple), which were widely used in the production of candy, fruit juice, soda, ice cream and preserved plum. The main components of perilla pigment are perilla element and purple Suning, which is the natural red pigment of purple leaves of Perillaceae. 1993 is stipulated as a food additive in Japan, which is used in chewing gum, fruit juice drinks, etc. It is considered to have the functions of preventing allergies, toothache and inflammation. Perilla frutescens is a traditional medicinal plant in China, and it is one of the 33 medicinal and edible homologous varieties in the second part published in Document No.57 of the Ministry of Health (1987). In recent years, the extraction of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato has become an international research hotspot. Because of its high yield and easy cultivation, purple sweet potato is an ideal way to obtain anthocyanins economically, especially the breeding of purple sweet potato varieties with high anthocyanins, which provides high-quality raw materials for mass production of anthocyanins!
With the deepening of the research on purple sweet potato, great progress has been made in improving the stability of anthocyanins through artificial acylation. In addition, plant tissue culture technology can also be used for other production of anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanin will be put into industrial production because of its bright color, antioxidant and other health functions, so as to enrich people's work and life.
Procyanidins
[Edit this paragraph] 1. What is proanthocyanidins?
Procyanidins, Chinese scientific name oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC), is a bioflavonoid with special molecular structure, which is internationally recognized as the most effective natural antioxidant for scavenging free radicals in human body. It is generally reddish-brown powder, slightly smelly and astringent, and easily soluble in water and most organic solvents. Usually grape seed extract or French coastal pine bark extract.
Procyanidins (grape seed extract) is a new type of high-efficiency antioxidant, the strongest free radical scavenger found so far, and has very strong in vivo activity. Experiments show that the anti-free radical oxidation ability of opc is 50 times that of vitamin E and 20 times that of vitamin C, and it is absorbed quickly and thoroughly. The highest plasma concentration can be reached in 20 minutes after oral administration, and the metabolic half-life can reach 7 hours.
[Edit this paragraph] 2. Various health functions of anthocyanins.
[Edit this paragraph] (Keywords)
blood circulation
In Europe, in order to improve blood circulation, treat diabetic retinopathy, relieve edema and inhibit varicose veins, anthocyanins have been used in clinical treatment for decades. Anthocyanin can strengthen capillaries, arteries and veins, so it has the effect of reducing swelling and removing blood stasis. Capillary resistance is reduced, permeability is improved, and cells can absorb nutrients more easily and eliminate waste. Transport nutrients and waste, which is the function of blood circulation system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood; Arteries and veins carry blood; It is capillaries that are responsible for transporting nutrients and wastes to cells. Anthocyanin can scavenge water-soluble and fat-soluble free radicals in cell membrane, thus inhibiting the process of releasing some enzymes to damage capillary wall.
The nourishing effect of anthocyanins can be observed in a short time. Professor henrichoussat of Bordeaux University in France conducted an experiment. A total of 47 subjects, aged from 37 to 85, each took 65,438+000 mg anthocyanin. After 27 hours, it was found that the capillary resistance decreased by 40%.
Anthocyanin-the Protector of Vision
Diabetic retinopathy is a symptom of diabetes mellitus, which is caused by micro-bleeding of ocular capillaries and is a common cause of blindness in adults. France has allowed anthocyanins to treat this disease for many years. This method significantly reduces the capillary bleeding of eyes and improves vision. Anthocyanins are also used to prevent complications after cataract surgery in diabetic patients.
During the period of 1998, experts chose many people without eye diseases to do experiments to see if anthocyanins can alleviate night blindness. Participants were divided into two groups, one was a driver who drove at night, and the other was a person who spent all day with the computer screen. After four weeks, their blindness tolerance was checked again, and 98% of the subjects improved.
water swelling
Edema is caused by the infiltration of water and electrolytes in the blood into human tissues, usually swelling of the injured part. Healthy people will get edema after sitting for too long, women will get edema before menstruation, sports injuries often cause edema, some may get edema after surgery, and some diseases will also cause edema.
Studies have shown that taking anthocyanins once a day can obviously relieve edema. A clinical trial was conducted in Bordeaux University, France, and 40 patients with edematous diseases with an average age of 60 years were studied. Participants were divided into two groups. The patients took 300 mg anthocyanin every day for 60 days, and all the patients' symptoms were relieved. After 30 days, the swelling disappeared in 26% patients. After 60 days, 63% of the subjects recovered from leg edema.
Beautiful skin
Europeans call anthocyanins youth nutrition, skin vitamins and oral cosmetics. Because it can restore the vitality of collagen and make the skin smooth and elastic. Collagen is the basic component of the skin. It is a gelatinous substance that makes our body a whole. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for biochemical synthesis of collagen. Anthocyanins make more vitamin C effective, which means that vitamin C can perform all its functions (including collagen production) more easily. Anthocyanins are attached to collagen, which can prevent the damage of enzymes that destroy collagen. Anthocyanin not only helps collagen fibers to form cross-linked structure, but also helps to repair damage and damage caused by free radicals. Excessive crosslinking will suffocate and harden connective tissue, which will cause skin wrinkles and premature aging. Anthocyanins can also protect the human body from the sun and promote the cure of psoriasis and longevity spots. Anthocyanin is also an excellent additive for external skin cream.
cholesterol
Cholesterol is the basic component of cell membrane, which plays a key role in producing hormones and promoting fatty acid transport. However, too much cholesterol is a potentially bad omen. Anthocyanin combined with vitamin C can decompose cholesterol into bile salts and excrete them. Anthocyanins accelerate the decomposition and elimination of harmful cholesterol. Here, the synergistic relationship between vitamin C and anthocyanins has been confirmed again.
Cardioprotective agent
Anthocyanins not only help to restore skin elasticity, but also help joints, arteries and other tissues (such as the heart) to maintain normal function. The vascular system is responsible for blood flow and delivers blood to all cells and tissues. Therefore, anthocyanin is the best cardioprotective agent found so far, regardless of long-term or short-term effects. Anthocyanins can also inhibit the production of histamine, thus reducing inflammation and helping arteries resist the influence of mutagenic factors that cause cardiovascular diseases.
Although French people usually eat more high-fat foods than Americans, the proportion of French people who die of heart disease is much less than that of Americans. French people are famous for their love of drinking, and they usually drink when eating. The number of French drinkers suffering from coronary heart disease is 30% to 40% lower than that of non-drinkers, because French red wine contains anthocyanins.
Allergy and inflammation
Anthocyanins not only help to relieve cardiovascular inflammation, but also help to treat many diseases, such as allergies, asthma, bronchitis, hay fever, rheumatoid arteritis, sports injuries, pressure ulcers and so on. When the human body is inflamed, it releases a compound called histamine, which can induce various symptoms of the above diseases. Anthocyanins inhibit the enzymes needed to produce histamine and prevent the production of histamine, thus reducing inflammation. Anthocyanin is a famous histamine inhibitor, but it does not interfere with other enzymes. At present, our bodies suffer from too many chemicals and pollutants from food, drinking water, air and animals and plants (such as pollen). Therefore, allergy has become a very common disease. Many documents have recorded the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory abilities of anthocyanins. Athletes appreciate anthocyanin because it can make joints flexible, repair collagen in connective tissue and reduce edema. It is also reported that anthocyanins improve joint inflammation in many people.
phlebeurysma
Symptoms of varicose veins include pain, itching, burns and fatigue. Severe varicose veins can cause heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism and so on. Dr. Huck has done clinical research in Hamburg, Germany, and found that anthocyanins are beneficial to patients with varicose veins. Patients who participated in the trial were 1 10, of which 4 1 had calf spasm. Patients took 90 mg of anthocyanins orally every day, and 77% of the subjects improved significantly. In addition, 93% of patients with calf spasms have no symptoms.
Brain function
Anthocyanins can help improve memory and slow down the risk of aging and stroke. Even after stroke, anthocyanins can help improve memory and brain function, which has been proved by clinical research. For example, children with hyperthyroidism (or ADHD) are often treated with western medicine, which is called retilan. This western medicine has the side effect of hindering children's growth, and patients may become dependent. Once you stop taking it, the patient will have symptoms such as increased appetite, depression and drowsiness. Some reports show that it is effective and safe to replace retilan with anthocyanin natural supplement.
Improve hypoxia
Hypoxia refers to long-term hypoxia, which has irreparable harm to the body. Hypoxia in the elderly may cause mental and physical problems, such as Alzheimer's disease. Older people often have poor blood circulation. Anthocyanins scavenge free radicals and inhibit the rupture of capillaries and the destruction of surrounding tissues. Anthocyanins can also improve the state of capillaries and enhance blood circulation in the brain, so the brain can get more oxygen.
Premenstrual syndrome
The results of clinical experiments show that anthocyanins can alleviate the premenstrual syndrome that plagues women. Because of hormone imbalance, many diseases will appear psychologically and physically. The retention of body fluids affects the normal flow of blood. Therefore, the brain, ovaries and uterus do not get enough oxygen. Hypoglycemia may also be a factor inducing PMS. This disease may manifest as any or all of the following symptoms: breast pain, back pain, abdominal distension, muscle spasm, personality change (such as losing your temper, flying into a rage, and even wanting to commit suicide), depression, fatigue, syncope, insomnia, joint pain, headache, and urinary incontinence.
In a study on PMS, 165 women took 200 mg of anthocyanins orally every day. After two months, 60% of women's physical diseases disappeared. After four months, 80% of women's physical symptoms disappeared, and half of women's psychological symptoms did not exist.
There are also many research reports on anthocyanins nourishing the body and benefiting health, including the following (but not limited to) aspects: improving liver function, reducing the risk of phlebitis and cancer, improving multiple sclerosis and preventing cataracts.
After years of theoretical research, it has been proved that anthocyanins have many health functions, including:
1. Protect human blood circulation system through three ways: eliminating oxygen free radicals in blood; Help the body prevent the production of oxygen free radicals; Enhance the integrity of blood vessel wall.
2. Inhibiting the degradation of connective tissue by collagenase and elastase is beneficial to maintaining the elasticity of skin and exerting the anti-aging effect of skin.
3. It can enhance the microcirculation of retinal capillaries in fundus and peripheral capillaries in limbs.
4. By maintaining the health of blood vessels and improving microcirculation, various organs and tissues can get sufficient blood supply.
5. It can enhance the immune function, indicating that anthocyanins can improve the IL-2 immune response of alcohol-fed mice and retrovirus-infected mice.
6. Anthocyanins can also enhance the efficacy of vitamin C and prolong the time when vitamin C takes effect in the human body.
7. The solubility of anthocyanin in water is very good, and it is well absorbed after oral administration. After entering the human body, it takes effect quickly and lasts for a long time.
8. As a health food, safety is very important. The results of various animal experiments and experimental systems prove that anthocyanins are non-toxic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, non-teratogenic and non-allergenic, so anthocyanins are safe.
[Edit this paragraph] 3. Safety of anthocyanins
Over the years, Professor masquelier and many scientists have used anthocyanins for various clinical, laboratory, toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies.
A large number of experiments have proved that anthocyanins are non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-antigenic and non-fetal. Professor Masquerel pointed out that he has used anthocyanins to treat and prevent diseases for more than 40 years and has never seen direct or indirect toxicity.
[Edit this paragraph] 4. dosage
In most clinical reports, the daily intake of anthocyanins by adults is between 100 and 200mg. Experts suggest that the maximum dose be calculated according to the proportion of one kilogram per day, and the course of treatment is one to two weeks. Then reduce the dose and maintain it between 50 and 100 mg per day. When you are sick or suddenly allergic, there is a general method, taking 150 ~ 300mg orally every day until the crisis passes. Children's dose is usually half that of adults.
Pre-anthocyanidin: A "Sharp Tool" for Anti-oxidation
The cut apple will turn yellow, the rubber will become brittle and hard after being used for a long time, and the bare metal will rust ... oxidation is everywhere in our lives, and the human body will age in this inevitable process. How to slow down aging and prolong life? People turned their attention to procyanidins.
Pre-anthocyanidin (pca) is a bioflavonoid with special molecular structure, which is internationally recognized as the most effective natural antioxidant for scavenging free radicals in human body, and has very strong in vivo activity. Experiments show that pca's anti-free radical oxidation ability is 50 times that of vitamin E and 20 times that of vitamin C, and its absorption is rapid and thorough. The highest plasma concentration can be reached in 20 minutes after oral administration, and the metabolic half-life can reach 7 hours.
Keywords: 1: improving blood circulation
Diabetic retinopathy is a symptom of diabetes mellitus, which is caused by micro-bleeding of ocular capillaries and is a common cause of blindness in adults. Pca can strengthen capillaries, arteries and veins, so it has the effect of reducing swelling and removing blood stasis. In France, PCA has been used to treat this disease for many years. This method significantly reduces the capillary bleeding in the eyes and improves the vision.
During the period of 1998, experts chose many people without eye diseases to do experiments to see if pca can alleviate night blindness. Participants were divided into two groups, one was a driver who drove at night, and the other was a person who spent all day with the computer screen. After four weeks, their blindness tolerance was checked again, and 98% of the subjects improved.
Keywords: 2: cardioprotective agent
Pca plays a key role in maintaining the normal function of joints, arteries and other tissues (such as the heart). From the long-term and short-term effects, pca is an excellent cardioprotective agent. Cholesterol is the basic component of cell membrane, which plays a key role in producing hormones and promoting fatty acid transport. However, too much cholesterol is a potential bad omen, and its harm to the heart is well known. The combination of pca and vitamin C can decompose cholesterol into bile salts and then excrete them.
A realistic example is that although French people like to eat high-fat foods more than Americans, the death rate of French people from heart disease is much lower than that of Americans. The medical profession generally believes that this is because French red wine is rich in pca. In addition to grape seeds, pine bark also contains a lot of pca.
Keyword 3: Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory.
Because of pollution, our body suffers from too much food, drinking water, air and chemicals. Allergy has become a very common disease, and pca can help treat many allergic diseases. When the human body is inflamed, it releases a compound called histamine, which can induce various symptoms of the above diseases. The function of pca is to inhibit the enzymes needed to produce histamine, so as to slow down the symptoms of allergy and inflammation, reduce edema and repair collagen in connective tissue. Because pca has this unique function, it is appreciated by athletes.
Keywords: 4. Improve varicose veins
Varicose veins are an extremely annoying disease, and its symptoms include pain, itching and fatigue. Severe varicose veins can even cause heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism and so on. According to the clinical research done by Dr. Huck in Hamburg, Germany, procyanidins are of great benefit to patients with varicose veins. In this experiment, patients took 90 mg of proanthocyanidins orally every day, and 77% of the subjects improved significantly, and as high as 93% of the patients' calf spasms disappeared.
Keyword 5: Improve brain function
Procyanidins can help improve memory and slow down the risk of aging and stroke. Even after a stroke, proanthocyanidins can help improve memory and brain function. For children with hyperthyroidism (also known as ADHD), doctors often prescribe a drug called ritilan. This medicine has the side effect of hindering children's growth, and patients may become dependent on it. Once you stop taking it, the patient will have symptoms such as increased appetite, depression and drowsiness. Some reports show that it is both effective and safe to replace retilan with natural supplements of proanthocyanidins.
I ate grape seed, and the effect was good, but I didn't eat Amway, which was very expensive. I bought "American gnc Grape Seed Essence 100mg* 100 capsules 125 yuan" on Taobao.