(09 Meishan) 8. Put a small amount of the following substances into water respectively, and fully stir to obtain a solution ().
A, sucrose b, flour c, vegetable oil d, barium meal
(09 Meishan) 13, it is () that each group of substances (all substances are solid) is unclear by water alone.
A, quicklime, sodium chloride b, calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide
C, soda, baking soda D, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate
(09 Meishan) 15, the following explanation is correct ()
A, a g potassium chlorate and b g manganese dioxide fully react to obtain c g oxygen, and the remaining solid mass is d g, then d = a–c.
B, adding 5g solid potassium nitrate into the saturated potassium nitrate solution, and heating to increase the mass of the solid potassium nitrate.
C, mix100ml alcohol and100ml water into 200ml solution.
D, after adding 10mL distilled water into the 10% NaCl solution, the mass of solute in the solution is1g.
(09 Chongqing) 13. Among the following items, the former must be greater than the latter ()
A. Solubility of potassium nitrate at 20℃ and 80℃
B: mass fraction of unsaturated NaCl solution and saturated NaCl solution at 30℃.
The mass of H2 generated by the reaction of c 10g magnesium with sufficient hydrochloric acid and H2 generated by the reaction of 10g aluminum with sufficient hydrochloric acid.
D, the solution temperature of NaOH dissolved in water and the solution temperature of NH4NO3 dissolved in water.
(09 Yantai) 13. The following statement about the washing problem is C.
(1) Detergents can emulsify oil stains on tableware.
(b) Gasoline can dissolve oil stains on clothes.
Alcohol can wash the rust off the tiles.
(d) Enzymes in washing powder help to wash blood stains off clothes.
(09 Yantai) 19. According to the solubility curve shown on the right, judge that the following statement is correct CD.
(a) The solubility of substance A is less than that of substance B..
(b) At T2℃, the saturated solution of substance A and the saturated solution of substance B contain
Solute mass is equal.
(c) When the saturated solution of A and B at t3℃ is cooled to t2℃, crystals will precipitate.
(d) When A is mixed with a small amount of B, A can be purified by cooling the hot saturated solution.
(09 Fuzhou) 10. Judging from the information in Figure 4, the following statement is incorrect.
A. the solubility of potassium nitrate increases with the increase of temperature.
B.t 1℃, the solubility of sodium chloride and potassium nitrate is the same.
C, cooling the saturated solution of potassium nitrate at t2℃ to t 1℃, and precipitating crystals.
D, 80g of potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 100g of water at the temperature of D.t2℃ to obtain a saturated solution.
(09 Nanjing) 8. The following groups of substances cannot form solutions.
A. Sucrose and water B. Potassium nitrate and water
C. Iodine and alcohol D. Vegetable oil and water
Solubility curve of (09 Nanjing) 15. Three solid substances, A, B and C, without crystal water are shown in the figure. The following statement is incorrect.
A.t 1℃, the saturated solution of 65g A contains 50 g solvent.
B when the saturated solution of a, b and c at T2℃ is cooled to t 1℃, the mass fraction of solute in solution c remains unchanged.
C at t2℃, the mass fraction of solute in solution a and solution b is the same.
D. in order to obtain b from solution b, b can usually be made by evaporating the solvent.
Crystallization method
(09 Nanjing) 26. (5 points); Students from a chemistry interest group prepared 10% sodium hydroxide solution, 5% hydrochloric acid and 10% hydrochloric acid in the laboratory.
(1) The steps of preparing 10% hydrochloric acid are as follows: ① Dilution ② Calculation of fruit juice ③ Labeling of bottles ④ Measuring concentrated hydrochloric acid and water.
The correct order is (fill in the serial number).
(2) When the concentrated hydrochloric acid reagent bottle is opened, what happens at the bottle mouth of the reagent is.
(3) They forgot to label the three bottles of prepared solution and wanted to identify the three bottles of unlabeled solution. The teacher only provided them with colorless phenolphthalein test solution, test tube and rubber dropper. If you are a team member, please identify the three solutions in a simple way and complete the following experimental report.
(09 Quanzhou) 9. The following figure shows the solubility curve of calcium hydroxide. When the temperature is 5℃ in winter and 38℃ in summer (ignoring the evaporation of water), the impossible situation is
A. the solution becomes cloudy. The solution becomes unsaturated.
C. the quality of the solution becomes smaller. D. the mass fraction of solute becomes smaller.
(09 Loudi) 8. The following substances in the kitchen, mixed with water can not form a solution is B.
A. salt B. vegetable oil C. sugar D. vinegar
(09 Loudi) 16. The right figure shows the solubility curves of A, B and C. Judging from the figure, the following statement is made.
What is incorrect in the law is C.
A. at t 1℃, the solubility of a is equal to that of C.
The solubility of B.C. decreases with the increase of temperature.
When the saturated solution of C.A. is cooled from t2℃ to t 1℃, it becomes an unsaturated solution?
D. When A contains a small amount of B, A can be purified by cooling crystallization.
(09 Linyi) 3. Xiao Ming put the following substances into a proper amount of water and fully stirred them when doing a small family experiment. Among them, () can't be solved.
A. Flour soda salt liquor
(09 Weifang) 1 1. The solubility curves of solid substances A and B are shown on the right. The following statement is true ()
A. the solubility of substance a is 60g.
At b.t., the solubility of a and b is equal.
C. Increasing the temperature can change unsaturated solution A into saturated solution.
When the saturated solution of substance B at D. T℃ drops to 20℃, the mass fraction of solute in the solution increases.
(09 Taizhou) 7. The following mixture is not a solution.
Temperature/℃
Solubility /g 40 50 58 68
According to this data, judge that the following statement is correct.
A at 20℃, the mass fraction of ammonium chloride in saturated solution of ammonium chloride is 25%.
B. At 20℃, the saturated solution of 70g ammonium chloride is heated to 40℃ to obtain an unsaturated solution.
At 40℃, the mass fraction of ammonium chloride is 30% after 75g saturated solution of ammonium chloride is added with 25g water.
D at 80℃, when the saturated solution of 84g ammonium chloride is cooled to 60℃, 5g ammonium chloride is separated out.
A. Salt water B. Mud water C. Iodine D. Clear limewater
Theme network
(09 Qiandongnan) 5. When the saturated potassium nitrate solution at 60℃ is cooled to 20℃, the main network () does not change.
A. solution quality B. quality discipline network of solute in solution
C. mass of solvent in solution D. mass fraction of solute in solution.
(09 Texas) 4. Take a small amount of four substances in the kitchen, such as salt, monosodium glutamate (sodium salt of glutamic acid), peanut oil and white vinegar, and put them into appropriate amount of water to fully stir. What can't form a solution is
A, monosodium glutamate b, peanut oil c, salt d and white vinegar
(09 Texas) 9. There is a cup of saturated potassium nitrate solution at 20℃. To change its solute mass fraction, the following methods are feasible.
A, adding a certain amount of water; b, evaporating part of the water at constant temperature.
C, heating to 60℃d DEG C for d, and adding a certain amount of potassium nitrate.
(09 Lanzhou) 4. Put a small amount of the following substances into water to form a solution.
A. baking soda B. gasoline C. limestone D. flour
(09 Yangzhou) 10. To make "veins bookmarks", it is necessary to prepare 100g 12% NaOH solution (let the density of water be 1g/mL). The following operations are correct
A. When the balance of the balance is adjusted before weighing, it is found that the pointer deviates to the right, and the traveling code can be adjusted.
B put filter paper on the left and right trays and weigh 12.0gNaOH solid.
C, directly pouring the accurately weighed NaOH solid into a measuring cylinder filled with water for dissolution.
D. select 100mL measuring cylinder to measure 88.0mL of water.
(09 Yangzhou) 18. The right picture shows the solubility curves of two substances, and the following statement is incorrect.
A.t 1℃, the solubility of a is less than B.
At T2℃, the masses of solutes contained in the saturated solution of A and B are equal.
When the saturated solution of A and B at t3℃ is cooled to t2℃, crystals will precipitate.
D. When a small amount of B is mixed into A, A can be purified by cooling the hot saturated solution.
(09 Suzhou) 13. There are many ways to remove oil stains in daily life. The following phenomena are not emulsified.
A. the mechanic washed the oil off his hands with gasoline. Shampoo washed the oil out of his hair.
C. facial cleanser washes off the oil on the skin D. detergent washes off the oil on the tableware.
(09 Suzhou) 19. The following statements about the nature of the solution are false.
A. Boiled salty soup is warmer than boiled water.
B. the solution must be colorless and transparent.
C. Salt water can conduct electricity because it contains more free-moving ions.
D. To eliminate the snow on the road, you can sprinkle some salt to make the snow melt faster.
(09 Qingdao) 18. The solubility curves of two solid substances A and B are as follows.
The narrative is correct.
A.a is more soluble than B.
The solubility of B, A and B is little affected by temperature.
At C.T℃, the solute mass fraction of A and B in saturated solution is equal.
D. When A contains a small amount of B, A can be purified by cooling the hot saturated solution.
(09 Suzhou) 26. (3 points)
A. According to the solubility curve of calcium hydroxide, complete the following questions.
When the temperature of the solution meeting the index of point A on the (1) curve rises, the following phenomena will appear: ▲, the mass fraction of solute in the solution is ▲ (optional "increasing" or "decreasing" or "unchanged").
(2) If quicklime is added to the solution meeting the index of point A on the curve, the solute quality in the solution will be rewarded (choose "increase" or "decrease" or "unchanged").
According to the solubility curve of sodium chloride, complete the following questions.
(1) The solution shown in point A is a ▲ (saturated or unsaturated) solution of sodium chloride at a certain temperature.
(2) When the temperature of the solution shown in point B is raised to 40℃ (ignoring the evaporation of water), the mass fraction of solute in the solution will be ▲ (choose "increase" or "decrease" or "keep unchanged").
(3) Point B represents that the solubility of sodium chloride is 36.0 g at 20℃. If the solution meeting the index of point B is evaporated with 10g water at constant temperature, there will be ▲ g sodium chloride crystals.
26.(3 points)
A.( 1) turbidity decreases (2) decreases (1 point/space)
B.( 1) Unsaturation (2) Constant (3) 3.6 (L points per space)
(09 Leshan) 9. The right picture shows the solubility curves of two solids, A and B. The following statement is correct.
With the increase of temperature, the solubility of a, a and b increases.
At t2℃, the solubility of B is greater than that of A.
At C.t 1℃, the solute mass fraction of saturated solution a and b is equal.
D, at t2℃, add 20 g of substance A into 100 g of water to obtain a saturated solution.
(09 Yantai) 25. (4 points) At present, the epidemic of influenza A (H 1N 1) has spread on a large scale in the world, and many imported cases have been found in China.
(1) Disinfection is one of the important measures to prevent influenza A (H 1N 1). To disinfect an airport with 4500g peracetic acid solution with 2% solute mass fraction, it needs to be prepared with peracetic acid solution with 15% solute mass fraction. The main principle of peracetic acid to kill virus is.
(2) The diameter of influenza A virus H 1N 1 is 0.08 ~ 0. 12 micron, and the diameter of infected venom drops is generally 1 ~ 10 micron. The filtration aperture of three masks in common use is as follows: ① The average gauze mask with16 layer is about 100 micron; ② non-woven mask of single layer is about 10 micron; ③N95 professional mask is about 0. 1 micron. The above masks are effective in preventing and controlling influenza A H 1N 1 (fill in serial number). The function of mask is filtration, so what's your new understanding of filtration?
.
25.(4 points) (1)600 peracetic acid can inactivate protein in virus. (2) (3) Filtration is not necessarily solid-liquid separation, or filtration is essentially a process of separating large and small particles (higher than the correct understanding of solid-liquid separation can be scored).
(09 Nanjing) 28. (13) One-carbon chemistry is the chemistry of synthesizing a series of chemical raw materials and fuels from compounds containing only one carbon atom in the molecule (such as CO, CH4, etc.). ). Carbon monoxide is obtained from coal gasification or synthesis gas.
(1) The main gasification reactions of coal are:
①2C+O2 = 2CO②C+H2O = CO+H2③CO+H2O = CO2+H2
The above reactions belong to combination reaction (fill in serial number) and oxidation reaction (fill in serial number).
(2) Synthetic gas can be obtained by reforming natural gas. For example, CH4+H2O=CO+3H2 can be used to produce dimethyl ether, which is called 2 1 century new fuel. Syngas can also be used to smelt metals. Some production processes of ironmaking with syngas are as follows:
① The synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and H2) can produce dimethyl ether under certain conditions. When dimethyl ether is made from synthetic gas, an oxide which can participate in atmospheric circulation and is liquid at room temperature will also be produced. Write the chemical equation of this reaction:
.
(2) The function of synthesis gas in ironmaking production is.
(3) Students in the chemistry interest group want to determine the mass fraction of iron oxide in hematite.
Ⅰ. A student takes a certain amount of hematite powder and mixes it with excessive charcoal powder, and then uses the device shown in the figure below to determine it with reasonable operation steps (assuming the impurities are always the same).
① Dry nitrogen was continuously introduced in the experiment. Before heating, slowly introduce for a period of time, the role is.
② Do you need to disconnect the connection between A and B before stopping heating to prevent back suction? Why?
.
(3) If the absorption of carbon dioxide by sodium hydroxide solution is complete, then the mass fraction of iron oxide determined by Party A with the biggest change in the mass of sodium hydroxide solution will be (choose "too big", "too small" or "accurate"), because.
Two. Student B takes 10g ore sample, adds enough dilute hydrochloric acid, and after the reaction is complete, * * * filters with 109.5g dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain 2 g filter residue (assuming that impurities are neither soluble in water nor react with acid). Please work with student B to calculate the mass fraction of iron oxide in hematite and the mass fraction of solute in the solution after reaction. Please write down the calculation process.
(09 Chongqing) 23. (6 points) An extracurricular activity group designed the following experiment to determine the mass fraction of copper in copper-zinc alloy powder:
① Weigh the ag sample, put it into a beaker, and drop enough dilute hydrochloric acid.
② Take a bg quality filter paper, make and install the filter.
③ After the reaction in ① is sufficient, filter.
(4) Take the sediment and filter paper, put them into a dryer for drying and weighing. Mass is cg.
Answer the following questions:
(1) When weighing the sample, put the sample into the tray of the tray balance.
(2) How to judge that the reaction in ① has been fully carried out?
.
(3) What should I do if the filtrate is turbid during filtration? .
(4) The glass instruments used in the whole experiment include beaker, rubber-tipped dropper, glass rod, dryer, etc.
(5) The mass fraction of copper measured in the above experiment is (represented by A, B and C).
(6) The teacher pointed out that there was a lack of a step between ③ and ④, which made the experimental result larger. The steps are.
23.(6 points) (1) Left (1 min) (2) Dropping hydrochloric acid does not produce gas (1 min).
(3) Filtration (1 min) (4) Funnel (1 min)
(5) C-BA × 100% (1) (6) washing and precipitating (1).
(09 Zhaoqing) 18. (3 points) The right figure shows the solubility curves of ammonium chloride and sodium sulfate.
Line. Please answer:
The solubility of sodium sulfate at (1)40℃ is g, which is greater than.
Solubility of ammonium chloride (fill in "big" or "small").
(2) When the saturated mixed solution of ammonium chloride and sodium sulfate is reduced from 50℃
At 20℃, most of the crystals are precipitated.
18.(3 points)
(1)(2 points) 50( 1 min) large (1 min) (2)( 1 min) sodium sulfate (or Na2SO4)
(09 Zhaoqing) 19. (5 points) Answer the following questions:
When preparing 100g 10% sodium chloride solution in the laboratory, (1) G sodium chloride solid is needed.
(1) When weighing, if a beaker with a mass of 23. 1g is used to hold solids, a 30g weight has been put on the pallet balance, and the position of the traveling code on the balance should be the one on the right.
(Fill in letters).
(2) The following instruments need to be used when measuring water quantity.
Dissolution requires To D and instrument (fill in serial number), e and instrument (fill in serial number).
A. beaker, b. 100ml measuring cylinder, c. 100mL measuring cylinder, D. dropper, E. glass rod, F. medicine spoon, G. evaporating dish.
(2) In the purification of crude salt, after the sodium chloride solution is evaporated to a large amount of solids, it should be continuously stirred with a glass rod, and the remaining solution is evaporated to dryness by using the waste heat.
19.(5 points)
(1)101b2ca (2) Stop heating (or turn off the alcohol lamp).
(09 Loudi) 26. In rural areas, 10%-20% sodium chloride solution is sometimes used for seed selection. In order to prepare 50 kg 15% sodium chloride solution, 44 kg of sodium chloride and 45 kg of water are needed.
Question 26. 44.7.5 45.42.5?
(09 Huzhou 3 1. Figure 1 shows the solubility curves of A and B. At t 1℃, 20 grams of solid substances A and B are added into two beakers containing 100 grams of water respectively, and just completely dissolved. When the temperature rises to t2℃, the phenomenon shown in Figure 2 appears. At t2℃, the mass of substance A solution in the beaker is grams.
(09 Jiaxing) 23. The right figure shows the solubility curve drawn according to the solubility of NaCl and KNO3.
(1) According to the chart information, B in the chart represents the solubility curve of ▲.
(2) At t1℃, the mass fraction of solute in the saturated solution of substance A ▲ the mass fraction of solute in the saturated solution of substance B (fill in "greater than", "less than" or "equal to").
(09 Lanzhou) 3 1. (4 points) The right figure shows the solubility curves of solid substances A and B..
At (1)t2℃, the solubility of substance A is:
(2) What information can you get from the pictures? (Fill in any item);
(3) When analyzing t 1℃, put 10g of substance B into 100g of water to fully dissolve it.
The solution obtained after hydrolysis is a (saturated or unsaturated) solution.
In order to change the saturated solution of substance B into unsaturated solution at t2℃, the following measures can be taken.
Method (fill in any method).
(09 Quanzhou) 2 1. (4 points) Normal saline is commonly used in medical treatment to replenish body fluids for patients. At present, there are 500g of 0.9% physiological saline, which contains solute sodium chloride G, which can be obtained by diluting 10% sodium chloride solution G. ..
2 1.(4 points) 4.5 45 (2 points each, ***4 points)
(09 Xuzhou) 43. (6 points) When electrolyzing water, sulfuric acid is often added to make the reaction easy, and sulfuric acid itself does not decompose. At present, 45g of sulfuric acid solution with 8% solute mass fraction is used to electrolyze water, and after a period of time, 1g hydrogen is generated. Calculation:
(1) electrolytic water quality.
(2) Solute mass fraction of electrolytic sulfuric acid solution.
Solution: let the mass of electrolytic water be x.
2H2O charging 2h2 =+O2 = 1 min
36 4
x lg
36/x=4/ 1g 1。
( 1)x=9g 1。
(2) The mass fraction of solute in electrolytic sulfuric acid solution is 45g× 8%/(45g-9g) l00% =10% for 2 minutes.
Answer: The electrolytic water mass is 9g, and the solute mass fraction of sulfuric acid solution after electrolysis is l0%.
Complete set of answers 1.