The Ministry of Environmental Protection recently issued the Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Environmental Emergencies in Enterprises (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines), which indicates that the Ministry of Environmental Protection will comprehensively promote the risk assessment of environmental emergencies in enterprises, promote enterprises to implement the main responsibility of environmental safety, and improve the preparation level of environmental emergency plans in enterprises.
The Assessment Guide stipulates the contents, procedures and general requirements of risk assessment of sudden environmental incidents of enterprises. At the same time, there are also Classification Method of Enterprise Environmental Emergency Risk (hereinafter referred to as Classification Method), List of Risk Substances and Critical Quantities of Environmental Emergency (hereinafter referred to as List), Standard Comparison Table of Enterprise Environmental Risk Prevention and Control and Emergency Measures (hereinafter referred to as Standard Comparison Table) and Outline of Enterprise Environmental Emergency Risk Assessment Report (hereinafter referred to as Report Compilation Outline).
How much do you know about corporate environmental risks?
Environmental incidents are frequent, and the preparation of enterprise environmental emergency plan is a short board.
At present, China has entered a period of high incidence of sudden environmental incidents and prominent contradictions, and environmental problems have become an important factor threatening people's health, public safety and social stability.
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the prevention and management of environmental risks. 20 1 10 The Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Environmental Protection issued in February of the same year clearly put forward that "the prevention-oriented environmental risk management system should be improved, and the main responsibility of enterprise environmental safety should be strictly implemented.
On 20 13- 10, the general office of the State Council issued the Measures for the Administration of Emergency Plans, which stipulated that "emergency plans should be prepared on the basis of risk assessment and investigation of emergency resources" and emphasized the important and basic role of risk assessment in emergency plans.
In order to find out the national environmental risk base and clarify the environmental risk situation, the Ministry of Environmental Protection organized environmental risk and chemical inspection for more than 40,000 enterprises in three major industries: petroleum processing, coking, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
The inspection found that more than 40,000 enterprises involved more than 40,000 chemicals and 65,438+10,000 environmental risk units. About 32% of enterprises have not prepared environmental emergency plans, and the prepared enterprise plans have problems of pertinence, practicability and operability.
The main reason is that enterprises do not grasp the risks of themselves and the surrounding environment and the emergency resources that can be called at the first time, and they are not clear about possible sudden environmental events. Moreover, there are many descriptions of organizations, institutions and systems in the plan, many hazards analysis of dangerous chemicals, and few on-site emergency response plans.
In view of the problems found in the inspection, the Ministry of Environmental Protection systematically summarized the cases of sudden environmental incidents, domestic and foreign laws, regulations and technical guidelines related to the risk assessment and management of industrial accidents, put forward the assessment method of enterprise environmental risk level, made a preliminary assessment of more than 40,000 inspected enterprises, and informed the people's governments of various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of the assessment results, which promoted the environmental risk management of enterprises to a certain extent. Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places have also introduced similar assessment methods to strengthen enterprise environmental risk management and plan management.
In order to further implement the State Council's requirements on strengthening risk assessment, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has solicited opinions from local environmental protection departments and some central enterprises for many times on the basis of the original environmental risk assessment methods, and compiled and formed an assessment guide with both accident scenario analysis and risk classification, as well as problem analysis and improvement requirements.
How to make good use of the evaluation guide?
Enterprises can analyze the feasibility of emergency prevention and control measures according to the atlas.
How to use the evaluation guide? First of all, the "Assessment Guide" is helpful to improve the preparation level of enterprise environmental emergency plans.
By guiding enterprises to carry out a series of work, such as environmental risk identification, investigation of emergency resources, scenario analysis of various possible environmental emergencies and their consequences, gap analysis of existing environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures, and formulating and improving the implementation plan of environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures, enterprises can systematically assess their own environmental risk status and implement feasible environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures according to available emergency resources.
The relevant person in charge said that when preparing the environmental emergency plan, enterprises can formulate on-site emergency plans with appropriate measures, clear procedures and clear responsibilities for various sudden environmental events, so as to return the plan to its essence.
Secondly, the "Assessment Guide" helps to improve the level of environmental risk prevention and control and hidden danger investigation and management of enterprises.
The Assessment Guide guides enterprises to analyze the completeness, feasibility and effectiveness of existing environmental risk prevention and emergency measures from the aspects of environmental risk management system, environmental risk prevention and emergency measures, environmental emergency resources, historical experience and lessons, investigate hidden dangers, find gaps, formulate short-term, medium-term and long-term improvement plans one by one according to their harmfulness, urgency and governance time, and implement rectification.
According to these methods, enterprises can continuously investigate and manage all kinds of environmental safety hazards, which can not only improve the level of environmental risk prevention and control and emergency response, but also dynamically improve emergency plans, thus reducing the probability of sudden environmental incidents and their harm.
Third, it helps to improve the environmental emergency management level of local governments and environmental protection departments.
According to the requirements, enterprises should carry out environmental risk assessment according to the assessment guidelines, and file the assessment report with the local environmental protection department as an annex to the environmental emergency plan. Local governments and environmental protection departments can master the environmental risk level, risk status and emergency resources of enterprises within their jurisdiction through assessment reports. On the one hand, it can be used as an important basis for the preparation of regional environmental emergency plans to improve the pertinence and operability of the plans; On the other hand, enterprises can be differentiated according to the environmental risk level, and enterprises with significant environmental risks are given priority in the case of limited management resources.
How to assess environmental risks?
Assess in five steps and prepare an environmental risk assessment report.
The evaluation guide is applicable to enterprises that have been completed and put into production or are in the trial production stage. The list gives 3 10 kinds of environmental risk substances, and enterprises that produce, use, store or release the substances listed in the list should conduct environmental risk assessment.
However, the Assessment Guide does not apply to nine situations, such as tailings ponds, hazardous waste management units and offshore oil and gas exploitation facilities, which require special assessment methods, special management or do not belong to the regulatory responsibilities of environmental protection departments.
The environmental risk assessment report shall be compiled by the enterprise itself or entrusted by relevant professional technical service institutions. The evaluation is implemented in five steps:
The first step is to prepare data and identify environmental risks, and comprehensively sort out environmental risk elements such as environmental risk substances and their quantities, environmental risk units, existing environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures, surrounding environmental risk receptors, and existing emergency resources, which are the basis of risk assessment.
The second step is to analyze the possible sudden environmental events and their consequences, and link the potential risks identified in the previous step with all possible sudden environmental events and their consequences. This is the core of risk assessment and the key to the pertinence and practicability of the solution.
The third step is to analyze the existing environmental risk prevention and control and environmental emergency measures in combination with risk factors and possible events. This is an important content of risk assessment, and it is also the premise for enterprises to investigate potential environmental safety hazards and improve the operability of the plan.
Fourthly, aiming at these problems, it is the main purpose of risk assessment to formulate and improve the implementation scheme of environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures, and it is also the realization way to improve the level of environmental risk prevention and control and emergency response of enterprises and reduce the probability and harm degree of sudden environmental events.
The fifth step is to define the environmental risk level of the enterprise. This can be used to improve the regional environmental emergency plan, implement differentiated management for enterprises, and can also be used to compare enterprises horizontally to improve their attention. These five steps are interrelated, closely linked and indispensable.
The relevant person in charge reminded that the environmental risk assessment report of an enterprise can be prepared according to the requirements of the report preparation outline.
Scenario analysis helps enterprises to prevent and control risks.
Scenario analysis of sudden environmental events and their consequences is a prominent feature of the assessment guide. On the basis of data preparation and risk identification, enterprises should refer to and analyze the environmental emergency data of similar enterprises at home and abroad, and set all possible environmental emergency scenarios of their own enterprises. By summarizing the historical cases of sudden environmental incidents, the Assessment Guide lists eight scenarios that may lead to sudden environmental incidents, such as production safety accidents, failure or abnormal operation of environmental risk prevention and control facilities, abnormal working conditions, abnormal operation of pollution control facilities, illegal sewage discharge, power failure, gas stoppage, communication and transportation system failure, natural disasters and extreme weather. Enterprises can refine or supplement their own status quo.
After determining the possible scenarios of environmental emergencies, enterprises can choose appropriate methods and models according to the published standards, and analyze the sources, ways and possible direct, secondary and derivative consequences of environmental risk substances in each scenario.